{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T02:36:43Z","timestamp":1789785403990,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T11:31:13Z","timestamp":1741174273000},"page":"101255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["LocPro: A deep learning-based prediction of protein subcellular localization for promoting multi-directional pharmaceutical research"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yintao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingyan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanxin","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9107-8027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanghao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1522-6320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingkun","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hangwei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5768-2714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haibin","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.09.003","article-title":"Pervasive mislocalization of pathogenic coding variants underlying human disorders","volume":"187","author":"Lacoste","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-023-01895-8","article-title":"CDK5: An oncogene or an anti-oncogene: Location location location","volume":"22","author":"Nikhil","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.059688","article-title":"Pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy caused by variants in ALPK3, an essential pseudokinase in the cardiomyocyte nucleus and sarcomere","volume":"146","author":"Agarwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-021-00431-1","article-title":"Triad of TDP43 control in neurodegeneration: Autoregulation, localization and aggregation","volume":"22","author":"Tziortzouda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00011.2023","article-title":"CD36 as a gatekeeper of myocardial lipid metabolism and therapeutic target for metabolic disease","volume":"104","author":"Glatz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07950-8","article-title":"Targeted protein relocalization via protein transport coupling","volume":"633","author":"Ng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2023.114977","article-title":"Subcellular visualization: Organelle-specific targeted drug delivery and discovery","volume":"199","author":"Shao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal3321","article-title":"A subcellular map of the human proteome","volume":"356","author":"Thul","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2021.09.008","article-title":"Proximity labeling: An enzymatic tool for spatial biology","volume":"40","author":"Choi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08280-5","article-title":"\u03c0-HuB: The proteomic navigator of the human body","volume":"636","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib11","article-title":"ANPELA: Significantly enhanced quantification tool for cytometry-based single-cell proteomics","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz512","article-title":"DeepMito: Accurate prediction of protein sub-mitochondrial localization using convolutional neural networks","volume":"36","author":"Savojardo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btac727","article-title":"PScL-2LSAESM: Bioimage-based prediction of protein subcellular localization by integrating heterogeneous features with the two-level SAE-SM and mean ensemble method","volume":"39","author":"Ullah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-10-274","article-title":"MultiLoc2: Integrating phylogeny and Gene Ontology terms improves subcellular protein localization prediction","volume":"10","author":"Blum","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W228","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac278","article-title":"DeepLoc 2.0: Multi-label subcellular localization prediction using protein language models","volume":"50","author":"Thumuluri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W343","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad374","article-title":"MULocDeep web service for protein localization prediction and visualization at subcellular and suborganellar levels","volume":"51","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btab083","article-title":"DNABERT: Pre-trained Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers model for DNA-language in genome","volume":"37","author":"Ji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0240","DOI":"10.34133\/research.0240","article-title":"A transformer-based ensemble framework for the prediction of protein-protein interaction sites","volume":"6","author":"Mou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ade2574","article-title":"Evolutionary-scale prediction of atomic-level protein structure with a language model","volume":"379","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2102","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btac020","article-title":"ProteinBERT: A universal deep-learning model of protein sequence and function","volume":"38","author":"Brandes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7112","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2021.3095381","article-title":"ProtTrans: Toward understanding the language of life through self-supervised learning","volume":"44","author":"Elnaggar","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2021.05.017","article-title":"Learning the protein language: Evolution, structure, and function","volume":"12","author":"Bepler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib23","article-title":"DaDL-SChlo: Protein subchloroplast localization prediction based on generative adversarial networks and pre-trained protein language model","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brief. Bioinform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W385","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr284","article-title":"Update of PROFEAT: A web server for computing structural and physicochemical features of proteins and peptides from amino acid sequence","volume":"39","author":"Rao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2405840121","article-title":"Democratizing protein language models with parameter-efficient fine-tuning","volume":"121","author":"Sledzieski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-021-00301-6","article-title":"Out-of-the-box deep learning prediction of pharmaceutical properties by broadly learned knowledge-based molecular representations","volume":"3","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-019-1835-8","article-title":"The CAFA challenge reports improved protein function prediction and new functional annotations for hundreds of genes through experimental screens","volume":"20","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D523","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac1052","article-title":"UniProt: The universal protein knowledgebase in 2023","volume":"51","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-021-00636-9","article-title":"Optimization of metabolomic data processing using NOREVA","volume":"17","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2011.174","article-title":"Partially supervised speaker clustering","volume":"34","author":"Tang","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-024-02301-x","article-title":"Seeing data as t-SNE and UMAP do","volume":"21","author":"Marx","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02278710","article-title":"A shortest augmenting path algorithm for dense and sparse linear assignment problems","volume":"38","author":"Jonker","year":"1987","journal-title":"Computing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D738","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae863","article-title":"SubCELL: The landscape of subcellular compartment-specific molecular interactions","volume":"53","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3150","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts565","article-title":"CD-HIT: Accelerated for clustering the next-generation sequencing data","volume":"28","author":"Fu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-024-03166-1","article-title":"AnnoPRO: A strategy for protein function annotation based on multi-scale protein representation and a hybrid deep learning of dual-path encoding","volume":"25","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-021-01156-3","article-title":"SignalP 6.0 predicts all five types of signal peptides using protein language models","volume":"40","author":"Teufel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8924(00)01833-X","article-title":"Chloroplast transit peptides: Structure, function and evolution","volume":"10","author":"Bruce","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2022.11.009","article-title":"The organization and function of the Golgi apparatus in dendrite development and neurological disorders","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genes Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-023-00676-x","article-title":"Lysosomes as coordinators of cellular catabolism, metabolic signalling and organ physiology","volume":"25","author":"Settembre","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adp4640","article-title":"In situ structure and rotary states of mitochondrial ATP synthase in whole Polytomella cells","volume":"385","author":"Dietrich","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2599","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2024.2408712","article-title":"Quality control of mitochondria involves lysosomes in multiple definitive ways","volume":"20","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.07.017","article-title":"MRG15 aggravates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis progression by regulating the mitochondrial proteolytic degradation of TUFM","volume":"77","author":"Tian","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-0087-3","article-title":"Improving target assessment in biomedical research: The GOT-IT recommendations","volume":"20","author":"Emmerich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17676","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.4c01664","article-title":"New mitochondria-targeted fisetin derivative compromises mitophagy and limits survival of drug-induced senescent breast cancer cells","volume":"67","author":"Rzeszutek","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1080\/03602532.2018.1512614","article-title":"Subcellular drug distribution: Mechanisms and roles in drug efficacy, toxicity, resistance, and targeted delivery","volume":"50","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib46","article-title":"Organelle-targeted therapies: A comprehensive review on system design for enabling precision oncology","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1398","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab953","article-title":"Therapeutic target database update 2022: Facilitating drug discovery with enriched comparative data of targeted agents","volume":"50","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1465","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad751","article-title":"TTD: Therapeutic Target Database describing target druggability information","volume":"52","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/database\/baac026","article-title":"SwissBioPics-an interactive library of cell images for the visualization of subcellular location data","volume":"2022","author":"Le Mercier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Database (Oxford)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2095177925000723?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2095177925000723?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T09:53:47Z","timestamp":1758189227000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2095177925000723"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S2095177925000723"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255","relation":{},"ISSN":["2095-1779"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2095-1779","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"LocPro: A deep learning-based prediction of protein subcellular localization for promoting multi-directional pharmaceutical research","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101255","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101255"}}