{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T17:37:19Z","timestamp":1791394639478,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":177,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,26]],"date-time":"2025-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005150","name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005150","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003345","name":"Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003345","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016846","name":"Shimadzu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016846","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019018","name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021-I2M-1\\u2013027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-I2M-1\\u2013027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019018","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,26]],"date-time":"2025-07-26T22:40:50Z","timestamp":1753569650000},"page":"101416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Beyond conventional therapies: Gut microbiota modulation and macromolecular drugs in the battle against cardiometabolic diseases"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8796-9612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingyue","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengliang","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ru","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyu","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.124.324383","article-title":"Emerging roles and therapeutic applications of arachidonic acid pathways in cardiometabolic diseases","volume":"135","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02403-5","article-title":"Contemporary medical, device, and surgical therapies for obesity in adults","volume":"401","author":"Perdomo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01301-6","article-title":"GBD 2021 Diabetes Collaborators, Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"402","author":"Ong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7775","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.76805","article-title":"Hydroxyurea ameliorates atherosclerosis in ApoE-\/- mice by potentially modulating Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 protein through the gut microbiota","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.065472","article-title":"Comparative discrimination of Life's Simple 7 and Life's Essential 8 to stratify cardiovascular risk: is the added complexity worth it","volume":"149","author":"Howard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.009271","article-title":"American Heart Association Diabetes and Cardiometabolic Health Summit: summary and recommendations","volume":"7","author":"Sasson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.7008","article-title":"Association of cardiometabolic multimorbidity with mortality","volume":"314","author":"Di Angelantonio","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0242-2","article-title":"Understanding the glucoregulatory mechanisms of metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"15","author":"Foretz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib9","first-page":"14","article-title":"Prevention of cardiometabolic diseases through dietary modifications","volume":"36","author":"Ch\u00e1vez-Alfaro","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Lipidol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106627","article-title":"Advancing targeted protein degradation for metabolic diseases therapy","volume":"188","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e87","DOI":"10.1038\/cti.2016.38","article-title":"New insights into therapeutic strategies for gut microbiota modulation in inflammatory diseases","volume":"5","author":"Vieira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11552","article-title":"Functional interactions between the gut microbiota and host metabolism","volume":"489","author":"Tremaroli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3341","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-0844","article-title":"Assessing the human gut microbiota in metabolic diseases","volume":"62","author":"Karlsson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6734","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7734","article-title":"Metabolite-sensing receptors GPR43 and GPR109A facilitate dietary fibre-induced gut homeostasis through regulation of the inflammasome","volume":"6","author":"Macia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib15","article-title":"TCP-1, a novel peptide to diagnose early colon cancer","volume":"35","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.03.001","article-title":"Mechanisms of action and therapeutic application of glucagon-like peptide-1","volume":"27","author":"Drucker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1912387","article-title":"Two phase 3 trials of inclisiran in patients with elevated LDL cholesterol","volume":"382","author":"Ray","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.061620","article-title":"Long-term evolocumab in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease","volume":"146","author":"O'Donoghue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib19","article-title":"The crucial role and mechanism of insulin resistance in metabolic disease","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00002","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease: genetic and epigenetic links","volume":"9","author":"De Rosa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/984245","article-title":"Weight considerations in pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes","volume":"2011","author":"Cheng","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Obes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e984","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000973","article-title":"Obesity and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American heart association","volume":"143","author":"Powell-Wiley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.12.013","article-title":"Inflammation in obesity, diabetes, and related disorders","volume":"55","author":"Rohm","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1161521","article-title":"Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus: connections in epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatments","volume":"14","author":"Ruze","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib25","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists for the treatment of obesity: role as a promising approach","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib28","first-page":"1","volume":"vol. 5","author":"Rao","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.022194","article-title":"Clinical update: cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and heart failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus \u2212 Mechanisms, management, and clinical considerations","volume":"133","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.900254","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus promotes the development of atherosclerosis: the role of NLRP3","volume":"13","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1002\/kjm2.12800","article-title":"Recent advances in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus using new drug therapies","volume":"40","author":"Chong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15663","article-title":"Metformin: therapeutic profile in the treatment of type 2 diabetes","volume":"26","author":"Bailey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-51210-8","article-title":"Plasma proteome profiling reveals the therapeutic effects of the PPAR pan-agonist chiglitazar on insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, and inflammation in type 2 diabetes","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14684","article-title":"Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes: barriers and solutions for improving uptake in routine clinical practice","volume":"24","author":"Khunti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102664","article-title":"Pharmacovigilance study for SGLT 2 inhibitors- safety review of real-world data & randomized clinical trials","volume":"49","author":"Bhanushali","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.2337\/dci22-0034","article-title":"Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2022. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)","volume":"45","author":"Davies","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-022-01813-0","article-title":"Dorzagliatin: first approval","volume":"82","author":"Syed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.316101","article-title":"Obesity phenotypes, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases","volume":"126","author":"Pich\u00e9","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.31083\/j.rcm2412373","article-title":"Landscape of statin as a cornerstone in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713288","article-title":"Advances in treatment of dyslipidemia","volume":"24","author":"Dybiec","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.16503","article-title":"Muvalaplin, an oral small molecule inhibitor of lipoprotein(a) formation: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"330","author":"Nicholls","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1051\/e3sconf\/202455305030","article-title":"Drugs and clinical prospects for the treatment of atherosclerosis","volume":"553","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"E3S Web Conf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000517","article-title":"Lifestyle modification approaches for the treatment of obesity in adults","volume":"75","author":"Wadden","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.05.002","article-title":"Aerobic, resistance or combined training: a systematic review and meta-analysis of exercise to reduce cardiovascular risk in adults with metabolic syndrome","volume":"274","author":"Wewege","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1080\/1120009X.2023.2300217","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying dose-limiting toxicities of conventional chemotherapeutic agents","volume":"36","author":"Manavi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2020.112993","article-title":"PROTACs to address the challenges facing small molecule inhibitors","volume":"210","author":"Mart\u00edn-Acosta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5138","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07590-3","article-title":"Discovery of a potent HMG-CoA reductase degrader that eliminates statin-induced reductase accumulation and lowers cholesterol","volume":"9","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.09.005","article-title":"Small-molecule PROTACs: an emerging and promising approach for the development of targeted therapy drugs","volume":"36","author":"An","year":"2018","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmic.2021.100033","article-title":"Heart-gut axis: targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin\/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) to prevent cardiovascular disease through gut microbiota","volume":"7","author":"Reddy Kv","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Microecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-023-01183-2","article-title":"Targeting the gut microbiome to treat cardiometabolic disease","volume":"26","author":"Theofilis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Atheroscler. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.3390\/life14111485","article-title":"Impact of gut microbiome interventions on glucose and lipid metabolism in metabolic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Mederle","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-322630","article-title":"Faecal microbiota transplantation halts progression of human new-onset type 1 diabetes in a randomised controlled trial","volume":"70","author":"de Groot","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-323617","article-title":"Microbiota engraftment after faecal microbiota transplantation in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, double-blind, randomised controlled trial","volume":"71","author":"Ng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1089991","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation reverses insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled, prospective study","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(22)00096-9","article-title":"Microbiome therapy for recurrent Clostridioides difficile","volume":"3","author":"Gilbert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1038\/s44320-024-00067-0","article-title":"Bacterial live therapeutics for human diseases","volume":"20","author":"Frutos-Grilo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Syst. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00237","article-title":"Live biotherapeutic products, a road map for safety assessment","volume":"7","author":"Rouanet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib58","article-title":"Navigating regulatory and analytical challenges in live biotherapeutic product development and manufacturing","volume":"3","author":"Group","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Microbiomes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10111672","article-title":"Multispecies probiotic supplementation favorably affects vascular function and reduces arterial stiffness in obese postmenopausal women: a 12-week placebo-controlled and randomized clinical study","volume":"10","author":"Szuli\u0144ska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-017-1354-x","article-title":"Effects of a multi-strain probiotic supplement for 12 weeks in circulating endotoxin levels and cardiometabolic profiles of medication na\u00efve T2DM patients: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"15","author":"Sabico","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12050868","article-title":"Future modulation of gut microbiota: from eubiotics to FMT, engineered bacteria, and phage therapy","volume":"12","author":"Airola","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-024-01620-1","article-title":"Exploring the gut microbiome: probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics as key players in human health and disease improvement","volume":"33","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1117","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx1028","article-title":"TCMID 2.0: a comprehensive resource for TCM","volume":"46","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.805827","article-title":"Apigenin alleviates obesity-associated metabolic syndrome by regulating the composition of the gut microbiome","volume":"12","author":"Qiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01027-6","article-title":"Berberine treats atherosclerosis via a vitamine-like effect down-regulating Choline-TMA-TMAO production pathway in gut microbiota","volume":"7","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.117.309048","article-title":"Catechins as potential mediators of cardiovascular health","volume":"37","author":"Mangels","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102077","article-title":"Celastrol inhibits intestinal lipid absorption by reprofiling the gut microbiota to attenuate high-fat diet-induced obesity","volume":"24","author":"Hua","year":"2021","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2021.110270","article-title":"Curcumin alleviates high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and obesity in association with modulation of gut microbiota in mice","volume":"143","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib70","article-title":"Eugenol, a major component of clove oil, attenuates adiposity, and modulates gut microbiota in high-fat diet-fed mice","volume":"66","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115997","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 protects against diabetes-associated metabolic disorders in Kkay mice by reshaping gut microbiota and fecal metabolic profiles","volume":"303","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2024-331880","article-title":"Puerarin alleviates atherosclerosis via the inhibition of Prevotella copri and its trimethylamine production","volume":"73","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16121870","article-title":"Quercetin alleviates insulin resistance and repairs intestinal barrier in db\/db mice by modulating gut microbiota","volume":"16","author":"Yuan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4948","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.3c00365","article-title":"DCABM-TCM: a database of constituents absorbed into the blood and metabolites of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":"63","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. Model."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2023.09.017","article-title":"Artificial bear bile: a novel approach to balancing medical requirements and animal welfare","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5599\/admet.4.1.276","article-title":"An overall comparison of small molecules and large biologics in ADME testing","volume":"4","author":"Wan","year":"2016","journal-title":"ADMET DMPK."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-022-00574-6","article-title":"Exenatide regulates Th17\/Treg balance via PI3K\/Akt\/FoxO1 pathway in db\/db mice","volume":"28","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.23619","article-title":"Effect of weekly subcutaneous semaglutide vs daily liraglutide on body weight in adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes: the STEP 8 randomized clinical trial","volume":"327","author":"Rubino","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01634-1","article-title":"Effects of dulaglutide on endothelial progenitor cells and arterial elasticity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"21","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01200-X","article-title":"Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity in people with type 2 diabetes (SURMOUNT-2): a double-blind, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"402","author":"Garvey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2024.156038","article-title":"Seven glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and polyagonists for weight loss in patients with obesity or overweight: an updated systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"161","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.20294","article-title":"Tirzepatide vs insulin lispro added to basal insulin in type 2 diabetes: the SURPASS-6 randomized clinical trial","volume":"330","author":"Rosenstock","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2303208","article-title":"Weekly icodec versus daily glargine U100 in type 2 diabetes without previous insulin","volume":"389","author":"Rosenstock","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14726","article-title":"Therapeutic indications and metabolic effects of metreleptin in patients with lipodystrophy syndromes: real-life experience from a national reference network","volume":"24","author":"Mosbah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00273-0","article-title":"Setmelanotide in patients aged 2-5 years with rare MC4R pathway-associated obesity (VENTURE): a 1 year, open-label, multicenter, phase 3 trial","volume":"13","author":"Argente","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvab076","article-title":"Pharmacological treatment with FGF21 strongly improves plasma cholesterol metabolism to reduce atherosclerosis","volume":"118","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.add4897","article-title":"Preclinical, randomized phase 1, and compassionate use evaluation of REGN4461, a leptin receptor agonist antibody for leptin deficiency","volume":"15","author":"Altarejos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2422","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae325","article-title":"Evinacumab in homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: long-Term safety and efficacy","volume":"45","author":"Gaudet","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707914","article-title":"Antiinflammatory therapy with canakinumab for atherosclerotic disease","volume":"377","author":"Ridker","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2019.09.010","article-title":"Neutralizing effects of anti-infliximab antibodies on synergistically-stimulated human coronary artery endothelial cells","volume":"291","author":"Ogri\u010d","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.12.058","article-title":"Pooled patient-level analysis of inclisiran trials in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia or atherosclerosis","volume":"77","author":"Wright","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2211023","article-title":"Small interfering RNA to reduce lipoprotein(a) in cardiovascular disease","volume":"387","author":"O'Donoghue","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2024.0959","article-title":"Plozasiran (ARO-APOC3) for severe hypertriglyceridemia: the SHASTA-2 randomized clinical trial","volume":"9","author":"Gaudet","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2404147","article-title":"Zodasiran, an RNAi therapeutic targeting ANGPTL3, for mixed hyperlipidemia","volume":"391","author":"Rosenson","year":"2024","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.12.032","article-title":"Effect of pelacarsen on lipoprotein(a) cholesterol and corrected low-density lipoprotein cholesterol","volume":"79","author":"Yeang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2016.04.013","article-title":"Long-term mipomersen treatment is associated with a reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia","volume":"10","author":"Duell","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lipidol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1715944","article-title":"Volanesorsen and triglyceride levels in familial chylomicronemia syndrome","volume":"381","author":"Witztum","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-019-0669-4","article-title":"Consensus recommendations on GLP-1 RA use in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: South Asian Task Force","volume":"10","author":"Kalra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib100","first-page":"19","article-title":"Exenatide once weekly for management of type 2 diabetes: a review","volume":"14","author":"Inaishi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9167","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-88612-x","article-title":"Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonist on changes in the gut bacterium and the underlying mechanisms","volume":"11","author":"Kato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2023.0524","article-title":"Are new ultra-rapid-acting insulins associated with improved glycemic control and reduced hypoglycemia in comparison to conventional rapid-acting insulins for individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Villar-Taibo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol. Therapeut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-0091","article-title":"Effect of afrezza on glucose dynamics during HCL treatment","volume":"43","author":"Galderisi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1080\/17446651.2024.2320631","article-title":"Current usage of long-acting insulin analogs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"19","author":"Aktas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expet Rev. Endocrinol. Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe2301915","article-title":"Antagonizing the leptin receptor in obesity","volume":"388","author":"Rosen","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.73936","article-title":"Targeting FGF21 in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: from mechanism to medicine","volume":"19","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib107","article-title":"Pharmacology and therapeutic applications of monoclonal antibodies","volume":"vol. 6","author":"Zhou","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz430","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of alirocumab and evolocumab: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"43","author":"Guedeney","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415937","article-title":"The impact of cytokines in coronary atherosclerotic plaque: current therapeutic approaches","volume":"23","author":"Tsioufis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2024.05.008","article-title":"Current status and trends in small nucleic acid drug development: leading the future","volume":"14","author":"Miao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.03.024","article-title":"MicroRNA in cardio-metabolic disorders","volume":"518","author":"Su","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvae109","article-title":"Inclisiran administration potently and durably lowers LDL-C over an extended-term follow-up: the ORION-8 trial","volume":"120","author":"Wright","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-024-02046-z","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of lipoprotein(a) inhibitors","volume":"84","author":"Nicholls","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.2147\/VHRM.S191965","article-title":"Mipomersen in familial hypercholesterolemia: an update on health-related quality of life and patient-reported outcomes","volume":"18","author":"Chambergo-Michilot","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vasc. Health Risk Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14020131","article-title":"CRISPR-Cas9 in cardiovascular medicine: unlocking new potential for treatment","volume":"14","author":"Bonowicz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01750-2","article-title":"Precise genome-editing in human diseases: mechanisms, strategies and applications","volume":"9","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-02035-4","article-title":"Nucleic acid drugs: recent progress and future perspectives","volume":"9","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib118","article-title":"CES1-triggered liver-specific cargo release of CRISPR\/Cas9 elements by cationic triadic copolymeric nanoparticles targeting gene editing of PCSK9 for hyperlipidemia amelioration","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3630","article-title":"Highly specific epigenome editing by CRISPR-Cas9 repressors for silencing of distal regulatory elements","volume":"12","author":"Thakore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaz8664","article-title":"CRISPR-engineered human brown-like adipocytes prevent diet-induced obesity and ameliorate metabolic syndrome in mice","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.15240","article-title":"Application of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in diabetes research","volume":"41","author":"Lotfi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2023.108524","article-title":"The promise of CRISPR\/Cas9 technology in diabetes mellitus therapy: how gene editing is revolutionizing diabetes research and treatment","volume":"37","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Diabet. Complicat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2023.04.002","article-title":"Developments in stem cell-derived islet replacement therapy for treating type 1 diabetes","volume":"30","author":"Hogrebe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2700","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032700","article-title":"A comprehensive review of mRNA vaccines","volume":"24","author":"Gote","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib125","first-page":"514","article-title":"Application prospects of mRNA vaccines in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"50","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Zhonghua Xinxueguanbing Zazhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12589","article-title":"Vaccination against T-cell epitopes of native ApoB100 reduces vascular inflammation and disease in a humanized mouse model of atherosclerosis","volume":"281","author":"Gister\u00e5","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.11.054","article-title":"ApoB-100\u2013related peptide vaccine protects against angiotensin II\u2013induced aortic aneurysm formation and rupture","volume":"65","author":"Honjo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3456","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26083456","article-title":"Recent update on siRNA therapeutics","volume":"26","author":"Ebenezer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-02107-5","article-title":"Advance in peptide-based drug development: delivery platforms, therapeutics and vaccines","volume":"10","author":"Xiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s40259-023-00641-2","article-title":"Reducing immunogenicity by design: approaches to minimize immunogenicity of monoclonal antibodies","volume":"38","author":"Harris","year":"2024","journal-title":"BioDrugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.122.001234","article-title":"RNAi-based therapeutics and novel RNA bioengineering technologies","volume":"384","author":"Traber","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202303261","article-title":"Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) enables mRNA delivery for cancer therapy","volume":"35","author":"Zong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib133","article-title":"PEGylated therapeutics in the clinic","volume":"9","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioeng. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2020.06.015","article-title":"Delivery of oligonucleotides to the liver with GalNAc: from research to registered therapeutic drug","volume":"28","author":"Debacker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202403935","article-title":"Membrane fusion-mediated loading of therapeutic siRNA into exosome for tissue-specific application","volume":"36","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2016.08.002","article-title":"Gut microbiome interactions with drug metabolism, efficacy, and toxicity","volume":"179","author":"Wilson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/gastro\/goac009","article-title":"Interplays between drugs and the gut microbiome","volume":"10","author":"Wan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01619-w","article-title":"Drug-microbiota interactions: an emerging priority for precision medicine","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aag2770","article-title":"Chemical transformation of xenobiotics by the human gut microbiota","volume":"356","author":"Koppel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1111115","article-title":"Bioaccumulation and biotransformation of simvastatin in probiotic bacteria: a step towards better understanding of drug-bile acids-microbiome interactions","volume":"14","author":"\u0110ani\u0107","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.2429","article-title":"Bioconversion of lovastatin to simvastatin by Streptomyces carpaticus toward the inhibition of HMG-CoA activity","volume":"70","author":"Balraj","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1291-3","article-title":"Mapping human microbiome drug metabolism by gut bacteria and their genes","volume":"570","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03891-8","article-title":"Bioaccumulation of therapeutic drugs by human gut bacteria","volume":"597","author":"Kl\u00fcnemann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib144","article-title":"Gut microbiota and its metabolites regulate insulin resistance: traditional Chinese medicine insights for T2DM","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12010065","article-title":"The interaction between the gut microbiome and bile acids in cardiometabolic diseases","volume":"12","author":"Callender","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136873","article-title":"Novel small molecule agonist of TGR5 possesses anti-diabetic effects but causes gallbladder filling in mice","volume":"10","author":"Briere","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6626","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.699504","article-title":"Activation of transmembrane bile acid receptor TGR5 modulates pancreatic islet \u03b1 cells to promote glucose homeostasis","volume":"291","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.2337\/db23-0553","article-title":"Gut microbiota-tryptophan metabolism-GLP-1 axis participates in \u03b2-cell regeneration induced by dapagliflozin","volume":"73","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-021-00880-5","article-title":"Akkermansia muciniphila secretes a glucagon-like peptide-1-inducing protein that improves glucose homeostasis and ameliorates metabolic disease in mice","volume":"6","author":"Yoon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4682","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v30.i43.4682","article-title":"Interplay of gut microbiota, glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists, and nutrition: new frontiers in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease therapy","volume":"30","author":"Guney-Coskun","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26030682","article-title":"The protective role of butyrate against obesity and obesity-related diseases","volume":"26","author":"Coppola","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.07.023","article-title":"Inflammation stimulates the expression of PCSK9","volume":"374","author":"Feingold","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.01.003","article-title":"Gut microbiota regulates bile acid metabolism by reducing the levels of tauro-beta-muricholic acid, a naturally occurring FXR antagonist","volume":"17","author":"Sayin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac4255","article-title":"Commensal bifidobacterium promotes antitumor immunity and facilitates anti\u2013PD-L1 efficacy","volume":"350","author":"Sivan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2021.104804","article-title":"Therapeutic interventions and mechanisms associated with gut microbiota-mediated modulation of immune checkpoint inhibitor responses","volume":"23","author":"Wong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microb. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2020.1846914","article-title":"Is the survival of patients treated with ipilimumab affected by antibiotics? An analysis of 1585 patients from the French National hospital discharge summary database (PMSI)","volume":"9","author":"Cren","year":"2020","journal-title":"OncoImmunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.814770","article-title":"Gut microbial signatures for glycemic responses of GLP-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetic patients: a pilot study","volume":"12","author":"Tsai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-326563","article-title":"Gut microbiota composition is associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity and adverse events","volume":"71","author":"Ng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05637-2","article-title":"The gut microbiota modifies antibody durability and booster responses after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination","volume":"22","author":"Seong","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.109784","article-title":"Correlation between intestinal flora and GLP-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment: a preliminary longitudinal study","volume":"27","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370217743765","article-title":"Featured article: structure moderation of gut microbiota in liraglutide-treated diabetic male rats","volume":"243","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-52103-x","article-title":"Metabolic and gut microbiome changes following GLP-1 or dual GLP-1\/GLP-2 receptor agonist treatment in diet-induced obese mice","volume":"9","author":"Madsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12010170","article-title":"An analysis of the gut microbiota and related metabolites following PCSK9 inhibition in statin-treated patients with elevated levels of lipoprotein(a)","volume":"12","author":"Caparr\u00f3s-Mart\u00edn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-022-00783-3","article-title":"Beyond the pancreas: contrasting cardiometabolic actions of GIP and GLP1","volume":"19","author":"Hammoud","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-024-02524-5","article-title":"A human metabolic map of pharmacological perturbations reveals drug modes of action","author":"Schuhknecht","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib166","article-title":"Arabinoxylan as well as \u03b2-glucan in barley promotes GLP-1 secretion by increasing short-chain fatty acids production","volume":"32","author":"Mio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-023-00833-4","article-title":"Metformin: update on mechanisms of action and repurposing potential","volume":"19","author":"Foretz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib168","article-title":"Current understanding of antibiotic-associated dysbiosis and approaches for its management","volume":"10","author":"Kesavelu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12020238","article-title":"The potential harmful effects of genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) on the intestinal microbiome and public health","volume":"12","author":"Lerner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-024-01896-3","article-title":"A decade of advances in human gut microbiome-derived biotherapeutics","volume":"10","author":"Pribyl","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib171","series-title":"Artificial Intelligence Mediated Realtime Lifestyle Intervention Significantly Reduces Multiple Cardiovascualr Risk Factors in Patients, General Poster Presentations","first-page":"A69","author":"Colwell","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.7994","article-title":"Encouraging physical activity in patients with diabetes: intervention using a reinforcement learning system","volume":"19","author":"Yom-Tov","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib173","article-title":"Microbe-drug association prediction model based on graph convolution and attention networks","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib174","article-title":"Research on microbial data modeling and disease prediction by fusion and integration of deep learning","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Nonlinear Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2017.12.009","article-title":"Prediction models to identify individuals at risk of metabolic syndrome who are unlikely to participate in a health intervention program","volume":"111","author":"Shimoda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Inf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cpbi.100","article-title":"QIIME 2 enables comprehensive end-to-end analysis of diverse microbiome data and comparative studies with publicly available data","volume":"70","author":"Estaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Bioinform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W398","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae253","article-title":"MetaboAnalyst 6.0: towards a unified platform for metabolomics data processing, analysis and interpretation","volume":"52","author":"Pang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib178","article-title":"Prediction of drug sensitivity based on multi-omics data using deep learning and similarity network fusion approaches","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101593","article-title":"Embracing generative artificial intelligence in clinical research and beyond: opportunities, challenges, and solutions","volume":"4","author":"Foote","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2024.0382","article-title":"Systems biology of human microbiome for the prediction of personal glycaemic response","volume":"48","author":"Kirtipal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416_bib181","first-page":"80","article-title":"Ethical considerations emerge from artificial intelligence (AI) in biotechnology","volume":"17","author":"Dara","year":"2025","journal-title":"Avicenna J. Med. Biotechnol. (AJMB)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2095177925002333?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2095177925002333?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T23:10:00Z","timestamp":1774048200000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2095177925002333"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":177,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S2095177925002333"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416","relation":{},"ISSN":["2095-1779"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2095-1779","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Beyond conventional therapies: Gut microbiota modulation and macromolecular drugs in the battle against cardiometabolic diseases","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101416","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101416"}}