{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T07:25:30Z","timestamp":1775805930050,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000769","name":"University of Oxford","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR200133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR200133"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pathology Informatics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2023.100188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T13:09:38Z","timestamp":1673269778000},"page":"100188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Diagnostic validation of a portable whole slide imaging scanner for lymphoma diagnosis in resource-constrained setting: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Alex","family":"Mremi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Achola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Mbwambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erick","family":"Magorosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ismail D","family":"Legason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitris","family":"Vavoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"El Mouden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Schuh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leah","family":"Mnango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2023.100188_bb0005","first-page":"209","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2023.100188_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2011-0587-ED","article-title":"The practice of pathology in Africa","volume":"137","author":"Kaschula","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2023.100188_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.5858\/135.2.191","article-title":"Pathology Practice in a Resource-Poor Setting, Mwanza, Tanzania","volume":"135","author":"Rambau Peter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med."},{"issue":"10133","key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2023.100188_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30458-6","article-title":"Access to pathology and laboratory medicine services: a crucial gap","volume":"391","author":"Wilson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2023.100188_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.5858\/135.2.211","article-title":"The future of telepathology for the developing world","volume":"135","author":"Hitchcock","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2023.100188_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2017.10.011","article-title":"Practical Successes in Telepathology Experiences in Africa","volume":"38","author":"Montgomery","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2023.100188_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.2147\/PLMI.S59826","article-title":"Whole slide imaging in pathology: advantages, limitations, and emerging perspectives","volume":"7","author":"Pantanowitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pathol Lab Med Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2023.100188_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.4103\/jpi.jpi_95_20","article-title":"Validation of a portable whole-slide imaging system for frozen section diagnosis","volume":"12","author":"Kaushal","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pathol Inform."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2023.100188_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2013-0093-CP","article-title":"Validating whole slide imaging for diagnostic purposes in pathology: guideline from the College of American Pathologists Pathology and Laboratory Quality Center","volume":"137","author":"Pantanowitz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2023.100188_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-022-09553-w","article-title":"A protocol to clinically evaluate liquid biopsies as a tool to speed up diagnosis of children and young adults with aggressive infection-related lymphoma in East Africa \"(AI-REAL)\"","volume":"22","author":"Legason","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2023.100188_bb0055","series-title":"Theory and Practice of Histological Technique","first-page":"53","author":"Bancroft","year":"2008"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2023.100188_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2011.08771.x","article-title":"Diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma using an algorithmic approach--applicable in both resource-poor and resource-rich countries","volume":"154","author":"Naresh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2023.100188_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.1998.00495.x","article-title":"Grading and scoring in histopathology","volume":"33","author":"Cross","year":"1998","journal-title":"Histopathology."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2023.100188_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985818794250","article-title":"Common pitfalls in analysis of tissue scores","volume":"56","author":"Meyerholz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Pathol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2023.100188_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2014-0073-OA","article-title":"Validation of multiple whole slide imaging scanners based on the guideline from the College of American Pathologists Pathology and Laboratory Quality Center","volume":"139","author":"Thrall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2023.100188_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"Landis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2023.100188_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2013-0732-CC","article-title":"Proceedings of the African Pathologists Summit; March 22-23, 2013; Dakar, Senegal: a summary","volume":"139","author":"African Pathologists\u2019 Summit Working Groups","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2023.100188_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2011.08772.x","article-title":"Lymphomas in sub-Saharan Africa--what can we learn and how can we help in improving diagnosis, managing patients and fostering translational research?","volume":"154","author":"Naresh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2023.100188_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e152","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70598-3","article-title":"Improvement of pathology in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"14","author":"Adesina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2023.100188_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1200\/JGO.2015.002162","article-title":"Implementation and validation of telepathology triage at cancer referral center in rural rwanda","volume":"2","author":"Mpunga","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Glob Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2023.100188_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.4103\/jpi.jpi_95_20","article-title":"Validation of a portable whole-slide imaging system for frozen section diagnosis","volume":"12","author":"Kaushal","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pathol Inform."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2023.100188_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1258\/jtt.2010.100609","article-title":"Feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of Internet-based dynamic telepathology between Uganda and Germany","volume":"17","author":"Wamala","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Telemed Telecare."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2023.100188_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0266649","article-title":"The role of telepathology in diagnosis of pre-malignant and malignant cervical lesions: Implementation at a tertiary hospital in Northern Tanzania","volume":"17","author":"Mremi","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2023.100188_bb0125","first-page":"S111","article-title":"Artefacts in histopathology","volume":"18","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Oral MaxillofacPathol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2023.100188_bb0130","first-page":"2408","article-title":"Artefacts: a diagnostic dilemma - a review","volume":"7","author":"Rastogi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2023.100188_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-029X.125206","article-title":"Facts in artifacts","volume":"17","author":"Bindhu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2023.100188_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2016.06.037","article-title":"Image analysis and machine learning in digital pathology: challenges and opportunities","volume":"33","author":"Madabhushi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Image Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2023.100188_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2017.1344046","article-title":"Medical mobile technologies - what is needed for a sustainable and scalable implementation on a global scale?","volume":"10","author":"Lundin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Glob Health Action"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pathology Informatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2153353923000020?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2153353923000020?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:45:57Z","timestamp":1761871557000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2153353923000020"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["S2153353923000020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpi.2023.100188","relation":{},"ISSN":["2153-3539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2153-3539","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Diagnostic validation of a portable whole slide imaging scanner for lymphoma diagnosis in resource-constrained setting: A cross-sectional study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Pathology Informatics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpi.2023.100188","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Association for Pathology Informatics.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100188"}}