{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T20:39:51Z","timestamp":1793133591492,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pathology Informatics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2026.100661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T23:20:50Z","timestamp":1776295250000},"page":"100661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["How does AI perform compared to human expert panels in medical Delphi studies? A pilot study through the lens of pathology"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Joshua","family":"Pantanowitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Manko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Majewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Alvaro","family":"Berb\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Alton B.","family":"Farris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aly","family":"Karsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrey","family":"Bychkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bethany","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brett","family":"Delahunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Eloy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"McClintock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Hollemans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Mark","family":"Tuthill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeroen","family":"Van der Laak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerome Y.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen K.","family":"Lennerz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John H.","family":"Sinard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Aneiros-Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Calderaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth A.","family":"Iczkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Egevad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Kriegsmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus D.","family":"Herrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed E.","family":"Salama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raimundo Garcia","family":"Del Moral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. Joseph","family":"Sirintrapun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colleen","family":"Vrbin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liron","family":"Pantanowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hooman","family":"Rashidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2026.100661_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104427","article-title":"Computational pathology in 2030: a Delphi study forecasting the role of AI in pathology within the next decade","volume":"88","author":"Berb\u00eds","year":"2023","journal-title":"eBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2026.100661_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.9.3.458","article-title":"An experimental application of the DELPHI method to the use of experts","volume":"9","author":"Dalkey","year":"1963","journal-title":"Manag Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2026.100661_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.5662\/wjm.v11.i4.116","article-title":"Delphi methodology in healthcare research: how to decide its appropriateness","volume":"11","author":"Nasa","year":"2021","journal-title":"WJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2026.100661_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1136\/ebnurs-2020-103303","article-title":"What are Delphi studies?","volume":"23","author":"Barrett","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evid Based Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2026.100661_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2006.03716.x","article-title":"Consulting the oracle: ten lessons from using the Delphi technique in nursing research","volume":"53","author":"Keeney","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2026.100661_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.12.002","article-title":"Defining consensus: a systematic review recommends methodologic criteria for reporting of Delphi studies","volume":"67","author":"Diamond","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2026.100661_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000032829","article-title":"Use of Delphi in health sciences research: a narrative review","volume":"102","author":"Shang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2026.100661_bb0040","article-title":"Healthcare policy agenda for a sustainable healthcare system in Korea: building consensus using the Delphi method","volume":"37","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Kor Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2026.100661_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1071\/AH20160","article-title":"Prioritising models of healthcare service delivery for a more sustainable health system: a Delphi study of Australian health policy, clinical practice and management, academic and consumer stakeholders","volume":"45","author":"Putrik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aust Health Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2026.100661_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0271872","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in medical education curriculum: an e-Delphi study for competencies","volume":"17","author":"\u00c7al\u0131\u015fkan","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2026.100661_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2023.122502","article-title":"Exploring ethics and human rights in artificial intelligence \u2013 a Delphi study","volume":"191","author":"Stahl","year":"2023","journal-title":"Technol Forecast Soc Chang"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2026.100661_bb0060","article-title":"Exploring healthcare professionals\u2019 perceptions of artificial intelligence: validating a questionnaire using the e-Delphi method","volume":"7","author":"Shinners","year":"2021","journal-title":"Digit Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2026.100661_bb0065","article-title":"Delphi study for the development and preliminary validation of an item set for the assessment of non-experts\u2019 AI literacy","volume":"4","author":"Laupichler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput Educ Artif Intel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2026.100661_bb0070","article-title":"How can artificial intelligence enhance car manufacturing? A Delphi study-based identification and assessment of general use cases","volume":"58","author":"Demlehner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Inf Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2026.100661_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mueller RM, Thoring K, Kl\u00f6ckner HW, et al. Crafting future scenarios with the help of AI: potentials of a hybrid Delphi expert panel. In: Bui TX (ed) Proceedings of the 57th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences: Hilton Hawaiian Village Waikiki Beach Resort, January 3-6, 2024. Honolulu, HI: Department of IT Management, Shidler College of Business, University of Hawaii, pp. 6458\u20136467.","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2024.774"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2026.100661_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4660589","article-title":"AI Delphi: machine-machine collaboration for exploring the future of work","author":"N\u00f3brega","year":"2023","journal-title":"SSRN J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2026.100661_bb0085","article-title":"AI meets Delphi: applying the Delphi method using LLMs to predict the future of work","author":"Grigonis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Predict"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2026.100661_bb0090","series-title":"Handbook of Biological Statistics [Internet]","first-page":"254","article-title":"Multiple comparisons","author":"McDonald","year":"2014"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2026.100669","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000}}],"container-title":["Journal of Pathology Informatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2153353926001197?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2153353926001197?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T15:33:55Z","timestamp":1779723235000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2153353926001197"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["S2153353926001197"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpi.2026.100661","relation":{},"ISSN":["2153-3539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2153-3539","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"How does AI perform compared to human expert panels in medical Delphi studies? A pilot study through the lens of pathology","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Pathology Informatics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpi.2026.100661","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Association for Pathology Informatics.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100661"}}