{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:31:24Z","timestamp":1791221484741,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jposna.2026.100372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T08:47:23Z","timestamp":1774514843000},"page":"100372","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Plastic Deformation of the Pediatric Forearm: Recognition, Radiographic Measurement, and Management"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1679-5391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caitlin","family":"Wetzel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Rohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor","family":"Manes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allen","family":"Kadado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jposna.2026.100372_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198905000-00010","article-title":"Plastic deformation in pediatric fractures: mechanism and treatment","volume":"9","author":"Mabrey","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jposna.2026.100372_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3390\/children12010101","article-title":"The development of the radial bow in children: normative values","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Children"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jposna.2026.100372_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197456030-00019","article-title":"Traumatic bowing of the forearm in children","volume":"56","author":"Borden","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jposna.2026.100372_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.128.6.981","article-title":"Acute bowing fractures of the forearm in children: a frequently missed injury","volume":"128","author":"Crowe","year":"1977","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jposna.2026.100372_bib5","article-title":"The importance of adequate diagnosis of pediatric forearm bowing fractures: a case report","volume":"34","author":"Vervaecke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trauma Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jposna.2026.100372_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198409000-00008","article-title":"Traumatic plastic deformation of the radius and ulna. A closed method of correction of deformity","volume":"188","author":"Sanders","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jposna.2026.100372_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198466010-00010","article-title":"The effects of angular and rotational deformities of both bones of the forearm. An in vitro study","volume":"66","author":"Tarr","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jposna.2026.100372_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000072901.36018.25","article-title":"Bowing fractures of the forearm in children: a long-term followup","volume":"413","author":"Vorlat","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jposna.2026.100372_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199112000-00019","article-title":"Plastic deformation of the forearm: a review and case reports","volume":"31","author":"Nimityongskul","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jposna.2026.100372_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.86B7.14294","article-title":"Measurement of bowing of the radius","volume":"86","author":"Firl","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jposna.2026.100372_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.125.3.524","article-title":"Roentgen recognition of acute plastic bowing of the forearm in children","volume":"125","author":"Borden","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jposna.2026.100372_bib12","first-page":"653","article-title":"Radiology case of the month. Acute plastic bowing fracture of the ulna","volume":"38","author":"Bjelland","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ariz Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jposna.2026.100372_bib13","first-page":"452","article-title":"Traumatic bowing of the radius and ulna in children","volume":"38","author":"Naga","year":"1977","journal-title":"N C Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jposna.2026.100372_bib14","first-page":"158","article-title":"Acute traumatic bowing fracture of the forearm","volume":"38","author":"Scheuer","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neth J Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jposna.2026.100372_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(86)80997-0","article-title":"Acute plastic bowing fractures in children","volume":"15","author":"Komara","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jposna.2026.100372_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1097\/00006565-199712000-00009","article-title":"Plastic bowing type fracture of the forearm in two children","volume":"13","author":"Attia","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jposna.2026.100372_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.7748\/en.2023.e2167","article-title":"Bowing fractures of the forearm in children: pathophysiology, diagnosis and management","volume":"32","author":"Worrall","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg Nurse"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jposna.2026.100372_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.142.3.7063694","article-title":"Scintigraphy in acute plastic bowing of the forearm","volume":"142","author":"Miller","year":"1982","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jposna.2026.100372_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1142\/S2424835521720085","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of acute plastic deformation of a pediatric radius","volume":"26","author":"Mizutani","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Asian Pac"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jposna.2026.100372_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2016.09.013","article-title":"Computer-aided detection (CADx) for plastic deformation fractures in pediatric forearm","volume":"78","author":"Osman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jposna.2026.100372_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones J. Radial bowing fracture. Radiopaedia.org. Accessed March 1, 2026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53347\/rID-44170.","DOI":"10.53347\/rID-44170"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jposna.2026.100372_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones J. Ulna bowing fracture. Radiopaedia.org. Accessed March 1, 2026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53347\/rID-44172.","DOI":"10.53347\/rID-44172"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jposna.2026.100372_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones J. Bowing fracture radius and ulna. Radiopaedia.org. Accessed March 1, 2026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53347\/rID-44173.","DOI":"10.53347\/rID-44173"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jposna.2026.100372_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197903000-00020","article-title":"Traumatic bowing of the forearm: a case report","volume":"139","author":"Rydholm","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jposna.2026.100372_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19801101-12","article-title":"Traumatic (plastic) bowing of the ulna","volume":"3","author":"Demos","year":"1980","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jposna.2026.100372_bib26","first-page":"217","article-title":"Biomechanical aspect of traumatic bowing of the forearm in children. Clinical and radiographic findings also clarified","volume":"14","author":"Blankstein","year":"1985","journal-title":"Orthop Rev"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2768276526000519?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2768276526000519?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:34:39Z","timestamp":1791218079000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2768276526000519"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["S2768276526000519"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jposna.2026.100372","relation":{},"ISSN":["2768-2765"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2768-2765","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Plastic Deformation of the Pediatric Forearm: Recognition, Radiographic Measurement, and Management","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jposna.2026.100372","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100372"}}