{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T20:38:43Z","timestamp":1791664723142,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jprasopen.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JPRAS Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T23:18:21Z","timestamp":1754522301000},"page":"9-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Mechanisms of fat and soft tissue filler embolism following aesthetic injections: A cadaveric systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Azizmanesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0100-1190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pouria","family":"Chaghamirzayi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javad","family":"Karimi Rozveh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Abdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahin","family":"Vatankhah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Rostami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"Np162","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjab193","article-title":"Cerebral embolism as a result of facial filler injections: a literature review","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-019-01562-8","article-title":"Vision loss associated with hyaluronic acid fillers: a systematic review of literature","volume":"44","author":"Kapoor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2024.10.012","article-title":"Fat embolism following fat grafting: a systematic review of reported cases","volume":"43","author":"Chaghamirzayi","year":"2025","journal-title":"JPRAS Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2021.105906","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"88","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjw257","article-title":"Anatomical study of temporal fat compartments and its clinical application for temporal fat grafting","volume":"37","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-015-0529-1","article-title":"An anatomical study of the middle temporal vein and the drainage vascular networks to assess the potential complications and the preventive maneuver during temporal augmentation using both anterograde and retrograde injections","volume":"39","author":"Tansatit","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-014-1337-z","article-title":"Anatomical study of medial zygomaticotemporal vein and its clinical implication regarding the injectable treatments","volume":"37","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0008","first-page":"618","article-title":"Clinical implications of the middle temporal vein with regard to temporal fossa augmentation","volume":"40","author":"Jung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2013.2565","article-title":"Middle temporal vein: a fatal hazard in injection cosmetic surgery for temple augmentation","volume":"16","author":"Jiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000007155","article-title":"The functional anatomy of the ophthalmic angiosome and its implications in blindness as a complication of cosmetic facial filler procedures","volume":"146","author":"Taylor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-014-0426-z","article-title":"Verification of embolic channel causing blindness following filler injection","volume":"39","author":"Tansatit","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjy228","article-title":"Three-dimensional computed tomographic study on the periorbital branches of the ophthalmic artery: arterial variations and clinical relevance","volume":"39","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjy141","article-title":"Pathophysiology study of filler-induced blindness","volume":"39","author":"Cho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005428","article-title":"External and internal diameters of the facial artery relevant to intravascular filler injection","volume":"143","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1097\/01.DSS.0000452661.61916.b5","article-title":"The anatomical origin and course of the angular artery regarding its clinical implications","volume":"40","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000003674","article-title":"Anatomic study of ophthalmic artery embolism following cosmetic injection","volume":"28","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-016-0762-2","article-title":"Periorbital and intraorbital studies of the terminal branches of the ophthalmic artery for periorbital and glabellar filler placements","volume":"41","author":"Tansatit","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2018.09.010","article-title":"The infraorbital artery: clinical relevance in esthetic medicine and identification of danger zones of the midface","volume":"72","author":"Hufschmidt","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-019-01374-w","article-title":"Clinical observations and the anatomical basis of blindness after facial hyaluronic acid injection","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjw132","article-title":"An anatomical analysis of the supratrochlear artery: considerations in facial filler injections and preventing vision loss","volume":"37","author":"Khan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000006394","article-title":"Implication of location of the ascending mental artery at the chin injection point","volume":"145","author":"Tansatit","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12928","article-title":"Investigation of the presence and variation of the ascending mental artery: conventional dissections and ultrasonographic study","volume":"18","author":"Tansatit","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000858","article-title":"Topographic anatomy of the superior labial artery for dermal filler injection","volume":"135","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-014-0401-8","article-title":"A typical pattern of the labial arteries with implication for lip augmentation with injectable fillers","volume":"38","author":"Tansatit","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000001003","article-title":"The soft tissue landmarks to avoid injury to the facial artery during filler and neurotoxin injection at the nasolabial region","volume":"25","author":"Phumyoo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000297651.52729.ec","article-title":"Functional anastomotic relationship between the supratrochlear and facial arteries: an anatomical study","volume":"121","author":"Kelly","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0027","article-title":"Safe zones for facial fillers: anatomical study of sub-SMAS spaces in Asians","volume":"14","author":"Hong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003060","article-title":"Topographic analysis of the supratrochlear artery and the supraorbital artery: implication for improving the safety of forehead augmentation","volume":"139","author":"Cong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjz237","article-title":"Objectifying the risk of vascular complications in gluteal augmentation with fat grafting: a latex casted cadaveric study","volume":"40","author":"Ordenana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjy237","article-title":"Safe gluteal fat graft avoiding a vascular or nervous injury: an anatomical study in cadavers","volume":"39","author":"Alvarez-Alvarez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1080\/08941939.2017.1321703","article-title":"Prevention of fat embolism in fat injection for gluteal augmentation, anatomic study in fresh cadavers","volume":"31","author":"Ramos-Gallardo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Invest Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005521","article-title":"Subcutaneous migration: a dynamic anatomical study of gluteal fat grafting","volume":"143","author":"Wall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005020","article-title":"Clinical implications of gluteal fat graft migration: a dynamic anatomical study","volume":"142","author":"Del Vecchio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2857","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002857","article-title":"Increasing perfusion pressure does not distend perforators or anastomoses but reveals arteriovenous shuntings","volume":"8","author":"Gascoigne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery\u2014global Open."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-016-0725-7","article-title":"A dark side of the cannula injections: how arterial wall perforations and emboli occur","volume":"41","author":"Tansatit","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjac316","article-title":"The British association of aesthetic plastic surgeons (BAAPS) gluteal fat grafting safety review and recommendations","volume":"43","author":"Tillo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjac082","article-title":"Practice advisory on gluteal fat grafting","volume":"42","author":"Del Vecchio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-023-03824-y","article-title":"Danger zones of the gluteal anatomy: improving the safety profile of the gluteal fat grafting","volume":"48","author":"Seabra Robalo Gomes Jorge","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjz260","article-title":"Gluteal vein anatomy: location, caliber, impact of patient positioning, and implications for fat grafting","volume":"40","author":"Turin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003934","article-title":"Staying Safe during gluteal fat transplantation","volume":"141","author":"Villanueva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000004602","article-title":"Real-time ultrasound-assisted gluteal fat grafting","volume":"142","author":"Cansancao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"Np263","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjad377","article-title":"Augmented safety profile of ultrasound-guided gluteal fat transfer: retrospective study with 1815 patients","volume":"44","author":"Vidal-Laureano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-020-01791-2","article-title":"A systematic literature review of the middle temporal vein anatomy: ``venous danger zone'' in temporal fossa for filler injections","volume":"44","author":"Kapoor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000000486","article-title":"Avoiding and treating blindness from fillers: a review of the world literature","volume":"41","author":"Beleznay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006_bib0045","first-page":"16","article-title":"Three dimensional microanatomy of the ophthalmic artery: spontaneous intracranial-extracranial anastomosis site within the orbital cavity","volume":"26","author":"Kuruoglu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Turk Neurosurg"}],"container-title":["JPRAS Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S235258782500138X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S235258782500138X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T01:44:56Z","timestamp":1764207896000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S235258782500138X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S235258782500138X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-5878"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-5878","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mechanisms of fat and soft tissue filler embolism following aesthetic injections: A cadaveric systematic review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"JPRAS Open","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.08.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}