{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T19:01:38Z","timestamp":1786993298264,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":158,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]],"date-time":"2007-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Psychiatric Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,26]],"date-time":"2006-07-26T09:13:33Z","timestamp":1153905213000},"page":"189-206","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":243,"title":["The burden of severe depression: A review of diagnostic challenges and treatment alternatives"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Charles B.","family":"Nemeroff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.10.1617","article-title":"Does thyroid supplementation accelerate tricyclic antidepressant response? A review and meta-analysis of the literature","volume":"158","author":"Altshuler","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S99","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881198012003061","article-title":"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor efficacy in severe and melancholic depression","volume":"12","author":"Amsterdam","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1159\/000012261","article-title":"Treatment-resistant depression","volume":"67","author":"Ananth","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6394(1998)7:1+<11::AID-DA4>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"SSRIS versus tricyclic antidepressants in depressed inpatients: a meta-analysis of efficacy and tolerability","volume":"7","author":"Anderson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(99)00092-0","article-title":"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors versus tricyclic antidepressants: a meta-analysis of efficacy and tolerability","volume":"58","author":"Anderson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16S","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199508001-00004","article-title":"Moclobemide and tricyclic antidepressants in severe depression: meta-analysis and prospective studies","volume":"15","author":"Angst","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v62n0608","article-title":"Patients with severe depression may benefit from buspirone augmentation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: results from a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, placebo wash-in study","volume":"62","author":"Appelberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6271","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1147","article-title":"Triiodothyronine addition to paroxetine in the treatment of major depressive disorder","volume":"89","author":"Appelhof","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v65n0714","article-title":"The effectiveness of olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, and ziprasidone as augmentation agents in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder","volume":"65","author":"Barbee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3109\/10401239309148983","article-title":"Fluoxetine compared with imipramine in the treatment of inpatient depression. A multicenter trial","volume":"5","author":"Beasley","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annals of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(96)00029-5","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind comparison of a rapidly escalating dose of venlafaxine and imipramine in inpatients with major depression and melancholia","volume":"30","author":"Benkert","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v61n0911","article-title":"Mirtazapine compared with paroxetine in major depression","volume":"61","author":"Benkert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.397","article-title":"An overview of the clinical efficacy of mirtazapine","volume":"17","author":"Benkert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Human Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1994.tb02482.x","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation for treatment of partial seizures: 1. A controlled study of effect on seizures. First International Vagus Nerve Stimulation Study Group","volume":"35","author":"Ben-Menachem","year":"1994","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib15","first-page":"1683","article-title":"Major depression: selecting safe and effective treatment","volume":"55","author":"Bhatia","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1191\/096032799678840165","article-title":"Cardiovascular and neurological toxicity of venlafaxine","volume":"18","author":"Blythe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Human and Experiment Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2586(200006)11:6<569::AID-JMRI1>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"BOLD-f MRI response to single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)","volume":"11","author":"Bohning","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199310000-00002","article-title":"Fluoxetine and desipramine in major depressive disorder","volume":"13","author":"Bowden","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1614.1999.00580.x","article-title":"The place for the tricyclic antidepressants in the treatment of depression","volume":"33","author":"Boyce","year":"1999","journal-title":"Australia and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200301000-00007","article-title":"Paroxetine versus clomipramine in adolescents with severe major depression: a double-blind, randomized, multicenter trial","volume":"42","author":"Braconnier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of American Academy Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.621","article-title":"Clinical experience with dual action antidepressants in different chronic pain syndromes","volume":"19","author":"Briley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Human Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199909000-00001","article-title":"Status of treatment of depression","volume":"92","author":"Broquet","year":"1999","journal-title":"Southern Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v59n1203","article-title":"Comparison of 2 treatment strategies for depressed inpatients: imipramine and lithium addition or mirtazapine and lithium addition","volume":"59","author":"Bruijn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7376.1332","article-title":"Fatal toxicity of serotoninergic and other antidepressant drugs: analysis of United Kingdom mortality data","volume":"325","author":"Buckley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"issue":"Suppl. 4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib25","first-page":"37","article-title":"Selective versus multi-transmitter antidepressants: are two mechanisms better than one?","volume":"65","author":"Burke","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-199809000-00001","article-title":"Lithium and desipramine versus desipramine alone in the treatment of severe major depression: a preliminary study","volume":"13","author":"Cappiello","year":"1998","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4927(01)00079-8","article-title":"SPECT mapping of cerebral activity changes induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in depressed patients. A pilot study","volume":"106","author":"Catafau","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.184.1.41","article-title":"Antidepressant-related deaths and antidepressant prescriptions in England and Wales, 1998\u20132000","volume":"184","author":"Cheeta","year":"2004","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Citalopram: clinical effect profile in comparison with clomipramine. A controlled multicenter study. Danish University Antidepressant Group. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1986;90:131\u2013138.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00172884"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-200105000-00003","article-title":"Antidepressant efficacy and tolerability of milnacipran, a dual serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor: a comparison with fluvoxamine","volume":"16","author":"Clerc","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-199409000-00001","article-title":"A double-blind comparison of venlafaxine and fluoxetine in patients hospitalized for major depression and melancholia. The Venlafaxine French Inpatient Study Group","volume":"9","author":"Clerc","year":"1994","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-1077(200008)15:6<429::AID-HUP227>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Clinical impacts of single transcranial magnetic stimulation (sTMS) as an add-on therapy in severely depressed patients under SSRI treatment","volume":"15","author":"Conca","year":"2000","journal-title":"Human Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v59n0703","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind comparison of venlafaxine and fluoxetine in outpatients with major depression","volume":"59","author":"Costa e Silva","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnr.2005.03.004","article-title":"The impact of early trauma on response to psychotherapy","volume":"4","author":"Craighead","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clinical Neuroscience Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib35","first-page":"31","article-title":"On tyramine, food, beverages and the reversible MAO inhibitor moclobemide","volume":"26","author":"Da Prada","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Neural Transmission Supplement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000177547.28961.03","article-title":"Effects of paroxetine and venlafaxine XR on heart rate variability in depression","volume":"25","author":"Davidson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.138.3.252","article-title":"Lithium induces rapid relief of depression in tricyclic antidepressant drug non-responders","volume":"138","author":"De Montigny","year":"1981","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1983.01790110069012","article-title":"Lithium carbonate addition in tricyclic antidepressant-resistant unipolar depression. Correlations with the neurobiologic actions of tricyclic antidepressant drugs and lithium ion on the serotonin system","volume":"40","author":"De Montigny","year":"1983","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.01.002","article-title":"Duloxetine in the acute and long-term treatment of major depressive disorder: a placebo- and paroxetine-controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Detke","year":"2004","journal-title":"European Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib40","unstructured":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2000a."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.159.3.394","article-title":"A comparison of paroxetine, imipramine and placebo in depressed out-patients","volume":"159","author":"Dunbar","year":"1991","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib42","article-title":"Considerations in the pharmacologic management of severe depression","volume":"8","author":"Dunlop","year":"2003","journal-title":"Medscape Psychiatry & Mental Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Efficacy and safety of electroconvulsive therapy in depressive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2003;361:799\u2013808.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12705-5"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib44","first-page":"88","article-title":"A multicenter evaluation of bupropion versus placebo in hospitalized depressed patients","volume":"44","author":"Fabre","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl. 11","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib45","first-page":"37","article-title":"Weight gain and antidepressants","volume":"61","author":"Fava","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-200307000-00002","article-title":"Sertraline versus fluoxetine in the treatment of major depression: a combined analysis of five double-blind comparator studies","volume":"18","author":"Feiger","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199308000-00002","article-title":"Postmarketing surveillance by patient self-monitoring: trazodone versus fluoxetine","volume":"13","author":"Fisher","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-199914050-00001","article-title":"Predictors of an acute antidepressant response to fluoxetine and sertraline","volume":"14","author":"Flament","year":"1999","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.3.564","article-title":"Preliminary randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pramipexole added to mood stabilizers for treatment-resistant bipolar depression","volume":"161","author":"Goldberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000132448.65972.d9","article-title":"Duloxetine in the treatment of depression: a double-blind placebo-controlled comparison with paroxetine","volume":"24","author":"Goldstein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2.7.1061","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation in depression","volume":"2","author":"Goodnick","year":"2001","journal-title":"Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"Suppl. 17","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib52","first-page":"9","article-title":"Mirtazapine: clinical overview","volume":"60","author":"Gorman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900028595","article-title":"Efficacy comparison of escitalopram and citalopram in the treatment of major depressive disorder: pooled analysis of placebo-controlled trials","volume":"7","author":"Gorman","year":"2002","journal-title":"CNS Spectrum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1017\/S109285290001899X","article-title":"Mechanisms and the current state of deep brain stimulation in neuropsychiatry","volume":"8","author":"Greenberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"CNS Spectrum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00254-1","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is as effective as electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of nondelusional major depressive disorder: an open study","volume":"47","author":"Grunhaus","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323B","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-199202001-00625","article-title":"A randomized double-blind comparison of venlafaxine and placebo in inpatients with major depression and melancholia. [Abstract]","volume":"15","author":"Guelfi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clinical Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib57","first-page":"450","article-title":"Effectiveness of venlafaxine in patients hospitalized for major depression and melancholia","volume":"56","author":"Guelfi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-199805000-00005","article-title":"A double-blind comparison of the efficacy and safety of milnacipran and fluoxetine in depressed inpatients","volume":"13","author":"Guelfi","year":"1998","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-200108000-00010","article-title":"Mirtazapine versus venlafaxine in hospitalized severely depressed patients with melancholic features","volume":"21","author":"Guelfi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(03)80210-2","article-title":"Venlafaxine: a 2003 update","volume":"25","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clincal Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","article-title":"A rating scale for depression","volume":"23","author":"Hamilton","year":"1960","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology and Neurosurgery in Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.1.48","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation therapy for partial-onset seizures: a randomized active-control trial","volume":"51","author":"Handforth","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib63","first-page":"320","article-title":"No benefit derived from repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression: a prospective, single centre, randomised, double blind, sham controlled \u201cadd on\u201d trial","volume":"75","author":"Hausmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology and Neurosurgery in Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib64","first-page":"233","article-title":"A preliminary study to examine the adequacy of long-term treatment of depression and the extent of recovery in general practice","volume":"47","author":"Hawley","year":"1997","journal-title":"British Journal of General Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.310.6974.221","article-title":"Relative mortality from overdose of antidepressants","volume":"310","author":"Henry","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v60n0511","article-title":"Efficacy of SSRIs and newer antidepressants in severe depression: comparison with TCAs","volume":"60","author":"Hirschfeld","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01354-3","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation versus electroconvulsive therapy for major depression: preliminary results of a randomized trial","volume":"51","author":"Janicak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.4.375","article-title":"Psychosocial disability during the long-term course of unipolar major depressive disorder","volume":"57","author":"Judd","year":"2000","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl. 4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-199512004-00005","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of mirtazapine: a review of meta-analyses of pooled data","volume":"10","author":"Kasper","year":"1995","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(96)00394-X","article-title":"Pharmacological treatment of severely depressed patients: a meta-analysis comparing efficacy of mirtazapine and amitriptyline","volume":"7","author":"Kasper","year":"1997","journal-title":"European Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00273-7","article-title":"Clinical and health services relationships between major depression, depressive symptoms, and general medical illness","volume":"54","author":"Katon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib72","series-title":"Severe depressive disorders","first-page":"89","article-title":"Family functioning in severe depressive disorders","author":"Keitner","year":"1994"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib73","first-page":"5175","article-title":"A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of risperidone augmentation for patients with difficult to treat unipolar non-psychotic major depression","volume":"30","author":"Keitner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820100053010","article-title":"Time to recovery, chronicity, and levels of psychopathology in major depression. A 5-year prospective follow-up of 431 subjects","volume":"49","author":"Keller","year":"1992","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005183422001","article-title":"A comparison of nefazodone, the cognitive behavioral-analysis system of psychotherapy, and their combination for the treatment of chronic depression","volume":"342","author":"Keller","year":"2000","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib76","first-page":"122","article-title":"Efficacy of escitalopram in the treatment of major depression disorder compared with conventional serotonin reuptake inhibitors and venlafaxine XR: a metaanalysis","volume":"31","author":"Kennedy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3095","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.23.3095","article-title":"The epidemiology of major depressive disorder: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R)","volume":"289","author":"Kessler","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6394(2000)12:1+<50::AID-DA6>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Efficacy of venlafaxine in the treatment of severe depression","volume":"12","author":"Kienke","year":"2000","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib79","series-title":"Essentials of clinical psychopharmacology","first-page":"43","article-title":"Monoamine oxidase inhibitors","author":"Krishnan","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-199410040-00003","article-title":"Risk-benefit assessment of newer versus older monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors","volume":"10","author":"Lecrubier","year":"1994","journal-title":"Drug and Safety"},{"issue":"Suppl. 4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-199609004-00004","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of milnacipran: placebo-controlled trials","volume":"11","author":"Lecrubier","year":"1996","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-199911000-00002","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of mirtazapine versus citalopram: a double-blind, randomized study in patients with major depressive disorder. Nordic Antidepressant Study Group","volume":"14","author":"Leinonen","year":"1999","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-200015050-00003","article-title":"A double-blind study of the efficacy and safety of sertraline and clomipramine in outpatients with severe major depression","volume":"15","author":"Lepine","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2005.00440.x","article-title":"Efficacy of escitalopram in patients with severe depression: a pooled analysis","volume":"59","author":"Llorca","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical Practice"},{"issue":"Suppl. 4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-199609004-00006","article-title":"Milnacipran and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in major depression","volume":"11","author":"Lopez-Ibor","year":"1996","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1159\/000118596","article-title":"Double-blind placebo-controlled study of milnacipran in hospitalized patients with major depressive disorders","volume":"22","author":"Macher","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.4088\/PCC.v05n0105","article-title":"Duloxetine: A new treatment for the emotional and physical symptoms of depression","volume":"5","author":"Mallinckrodt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Primitive Care Companion Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01343-9","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for major depressive episodes: one year outcomes","volume":"51","author":"Marangell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.02.014","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression","volume":"45","author":"Mayberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib90","series-title":"Textbook of psychopharmacology","first-page":"685","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy","author":"McDonald","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib91","first-page":"85","article-title":"The use of bupropion in hospitalized depressed patients","volume":"44","author":"Merideth","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.134.4.382","article-title":"A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change","volume":"134","author":"Montgomery","year":"1979","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(98)00048-0","article-title":"Is severe depression a separate indication? Is severe depression a separate indication? ECNP Consensus Meeting September 20, 1996, Amsterdam. European College of Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"9","author":"Montgomery","year":"1999","journal-title":"European Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1185\/03007999009111497","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of controlled-release trazodone in depression: a large multicentre study in general practice","volume":"12","author":"Moon","year":"1990","journal-title":"Current Medical Research Opinion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-200505000-00002","article-title":"Prospective, multicentre, randomized, double-blind study of the efficacy of escitalopram versus citalopram in outpatient treatment of major depressive disorder","volume":"20","author":"Moore","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00120-9","article-title":"Differentiating moderate and severe depression using the Montgomery\u2013Asberg depression rating scale (MADRS)","volume":"77","author":"Muller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810280019002","article-title":"A preliminary, open study of the combination of fluoxetine and desipramine for rapid treatment of major depression","volume":"48","author":"Nelson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2003.08.007","article-title":"Combining norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibition mechanisms for treatment of depression: a double-blind, randomized study","volume":"55","author":"Nelson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.1994.tb02799.x","article-title":"The clinical pharmacology and use of paroxetine, a new selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor","volume":"14","author":"Nemeroff","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib100","unstructured":"Nemeroff CB, Thase ME. A double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of venlafaxine and fluoxetine treatment in depressed outpatients. Journal of Psychiatric Research 2005, in press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib101","first-page":"106","article-title":"Duloxetine for the treatment of major depressive disorder","volume":"36","author":"Nemeroff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychopharmacological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib102","unstructured":"Nemeroff CB, Entsuah R, Willard LB, Demitrack MA, Thase ME. Venlafaxine and SSRIs: Comprehensive Pooled Analysis of Remission in Depression, New Clinical Drug Evaluation Unit. Boca Raton, FL, 2003."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib103","first-page":"S159","article-title":"Augmentation with risperidone in chronic resistant depression: a double-blind placebo-controlled maintenance trial","volume":"29","author":"Nemeroff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"Suppl. A","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib104","first-page":"55","article-title":"The treatment of severe depression: is there an efficacy gap between SSRI and TCA antidepressant generations?","volume":"55","author":"Nierenberg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib105","unstructured":"Ninan PT, Ventura D, Wang J. Escitalopram is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of severe depression (abstract): National Institute of Mental Health\/NCDEU, 2003."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v60n0410","article-title":"Risperidone augmentation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in major depression","volume":"60","author":"Ostroff","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-5846(94)90080-9","article-title":"The efficacy of fluvoxamine in patients with severe depression","volume":"18","author":"Ottevanger","year":"1994","journal-title":"Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib108","first-page":"317","article-title":"Fluvoxamine and clomipramine in depressed hospitalised patients: results from a randomised, double-blind study","volume":"21","author":"Ottevanger","year":"1995","journal-title":"Encephale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1097\/00124509-200403000-00004","article-title":"Efficacy of ECT in depression: a meta-analytic review","volume":"20","author":"Pagnin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-199300840-00006","article-title":"Severity of depression and response to fluoxetine","volume":"8","author":"Pande","year":"1993","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v65n0212","article-title":"Ziprasidone augmentation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for SSRI-resistant major depressive disorder","volume":"65","author":"Papakostas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.4.796","article-title":"Is combination olanzapine and antidepressant medication associated with a more rapid response trajectory than antidepressant alone?","volume":"162","author":"Parker","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paroxetine: a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor showing better tolerance, but weaker antidepressant effect than clomipramine in a controlled multicenter study. Danish University Antidepressant Group. J Affect Disord 1990;18:289\u201399.","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(90)90081-I"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib114","first-page":"95","article-title":"Bupropion in depression: a tri-center placebo-controlled study","volume":"44","author":"Pitts","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib115","unstructured":"Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder (revision). American Psychiatric Association. Am J Psychiatry 2000b;157:1\u201345."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6394(2000)12:3<118::AID-DA2>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"Substitution of rapid transcranial magnetic stimulation treatments for electroconvulsive therapy treatments in a course of electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"12","author":"Pridmore","year":"2000","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.4088\/PCC.v04n0302","article-title":"Depression with atypical features: diagnostic validity, prevalence, and treatment","volume":"4","author":"Quitkin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Primitive Care Companion Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(98)80060-X","article-title":"A multicenter evaluation of the efficacy and safety of 150 and 300 mg\/d sustained-release bupropion tablets versus placebo in depressed outpatients","volume":"20","author":"Reimherr","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clincal Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00320-2","article-title":"Treatment of depression in patients with heart disease","volume":"54","author":"Roose","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.12.1735","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclics in the treatment of melancholia","volume":"151","author":"Roose","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v59n1106","article-title":"The treatment of chronic depression, part 1: study design and rationale for evaluating the comparative efficacy of sertraline and imipramine as acute, crossover, continuation, and maintenance phase therapies","volume":"59","author":"Rush","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00304-2","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for treatment-resistant depressions: a multicenter study","volume":"47","author":"Rush","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.2.237","article-title":"Depression, IV: STAR*D treatment trial for depression","volume":"160","author":"Rush","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa052963","article-title":"Bupropion-SR, sertraline, or venlafaxine-XR after failure of SSRIs for depression","volume":"354","author":"Rush","year":"2006","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.10.1299","article-title":"Continuation pharmacotherapy in the prevention of relapse following electroconvulsive therapy: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"285","author":"Sackeim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(01)00271-8","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for treatment-resistant depression: efficacy, side effects, and predictors of outcome","volume":"25","author":"Sackeim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1159\/000074638","article-title":"Confirmation of the neurophysiologically predicted therapeutic effects of trazodone on its target symptoms depression, anxiety and insomnia by postmarketing clinical studies with a controlled-release formulation in depressed outpatients","volume":"48","author":"Saletu-Zyhlarz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib128","first-page":"14","article-title":"Antidepressant effectiveness in severe depression and melancholia","volume":"60","author":"Schatzberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(00)80151-0","article-title":"Antidepressant early response and remission of venlafaxine and fluoxetine in geriatric outpatients","volume":"10","author":"Schatzberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"European Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200209000-00007","article-title":"Double-blind, randomized comparison of mirtazapine and paroxetine in elderly depressed patients","volume":"10","author":"Schatzberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300038","article-title":"Efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of affective disorders","volume":"28","author":"Schlaepfer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib132","first-page":"281","article-title":"Efficacy of combined, sequential and crossover psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy in improving outcomes in depression","volume":"27","author":"Segal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.1.131","article-title":"A novel augmentation strategy for treating resistant major depression","volume":"158","author":"Shelton","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00420-7","article-title":"Social and economic burden of mood disorders","volume":"54","author":"Simon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n1002","article-title":"Aripiprazole augmentation of antidepressants for the treatment of partially responding and nonresponding patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"66","author":"Simon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib136","unstructured":"Simon JS, Sheehan DV, Thase ME, Owens MJ, Krulewicz S, Carpenter DJ. et al. Comparison of efficacy and tolerability of paroxetine CR versus venlafaxine XR [Abstract], Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association. Atlanta, GA, 2005b."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200115100-00003","article-title":"Severe depression: is there a best approach?","volume":"15","author":"Sonawalla","year":"2001","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41S","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199508001-00008","article-title":"A double-blind comparison of moclobemide and thioridazine versus moclobemide and placebo in the treatment of refractory, severe depression","volume":"15","author":"Stabl","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1017\/S146114570300381X","article-title":"Augmentation of milnacipran by risperidone in treatment for major depression","volume":"7","author":"Tani","year":"2004","journal-title":"International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib140","first-page":"17","article-title":"Treatment of severe depression","volume":"61","author":"Thase","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib141","first-page":"5","article-title":"Treatment of imipramine-resistant recurrent depression, III: Efficacy of monoamine oxidase inhibitors","volume":"53","author":"Thase","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830230043006","article-title":"Treatment of major depression with psychotherapy or psychotherapy-pharmacotherapy combinations","volume":"54","author":"Thase","year":"1997","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.178.3.234","article-title":"Remission rates during treatment with venlafaxine or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors","volume":"178","author":"Thase","year":"2001","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl. 4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(03)91909-2","article-title":"Remission rates following therapy with bupropion or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors","volume":"13","author":"Thase","year":"2003","journal-title":"European Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib145","first-page":"285","article-title":"Venlafaxine vs SSRIs in depression: meta-analysis of all known RCTs [Abstract]","volume":"6","author":"Thase","year":"2005","journal-title":"World Journal of Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.7.669","article-title":"Clinical results for patients with major depressive disorder in the Texas Medication Algorithm Project","volume":"61","author":"Trivedi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa052964","article-title":"Medication augmentation after the failure of SSRIs for depression","volume":"354","author":"Trivedi","year":"2006","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib148","first-page":"234","article-title":"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: A class review","volume":"29","author":"Valuck","year":"2004","journal-title":"P& T"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.622","article-title":"A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of milnacipran in the treatment of fibromyalgia","volume":"19","author":"Vitton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Human Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v59n0606","article-title":"Mirtazapine: efficacy and tolerability in comparison with fluoxetine in patients with moderate to severe major depressive disorder. Mirtazapine-Fluoxetine Study Group","volume":"59","author":"Wheatley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.19.2129","article-title":"Association between depressive symptoms and mortality in older women. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group","volume":"158","author":"Whooley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.9.1575","article-title":"Prediction of antidepressant response to milnacipran by norepinephrine transporter gene polymorphisms","volume":"161","author":"Yoshida","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl. 15","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib153","first-page":"7","article-title":"Treating depression to remission","volume":"64","author":"Zajecka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib154","first-page":"338","article-title":"The efficacy of fluoxetine combined with a heterocyclic antidepressant in treatment-resistant depression: a retrospective analysis","volume":"56","author":"Zajecka","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v61n0107","article-title":"Venlafaxine versus fluvoxamine in the treatment of delusional depression: a pilot double-blind controlled study","volume":"61","author":"Zanardi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.03.013","article-title":"Pramipexole for bipolar II depression: a placebo-controlled proof of concept study","volume":"56","author":"Zarate","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000138226.22761.39","article-title":"A review of studies of the Hamilton depression rating scale in healthy controls: implications for the definition of remission in treatment studies of depression","volume":"192","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous Mental Disorder"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.442","article-title":"Fluvoxamine as effective as clomipramine against symptoms of severe depression: results from a multicentre, double-blind study","volume":"18","author":"Zohar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Human Psychopharmacology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Psychiatric Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022395606001075?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022395606001075?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T10:33:14Z","timestamp":1707129194000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022395606001075"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"references-count":158,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3-4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022395606001075"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.05.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3956"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3956","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]}}}