{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T20:49:40Z","timestamp":1793047780521,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]],"date-time":"2009-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]],"date-time":"2009-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Psychiatric Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,27]],"date-time":"2008-08-27T04:45:01Z","timestamp":1219812301000},"page":"503-511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":151,"title":["Sex differences in response to citalopram: A STAR\u2217D report"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan G.","family":"Kornstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila M.","family":"Marcus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne T.","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Warden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen R.","family":"Wisniewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.K.","family":"Balasubramani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Fava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhukar H.","family":"Trivedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"John Rush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(03)00177-5","article-title":"Gender differences in treatment response to sertraline versus imipramine in patients with non-melancholic depressive disorders","volume":"28","author":"Baca","year":"2004","journal-title":"Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology Biology Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1006\/frne.2001.0225","article-title":"Diverse actions of ovarian steroids in the serotonin neural system","volume":"23","author":"Bethea","year":"2002","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)00966-5","article-title":"No gender differences in placebo responses of patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"49","author":"Casper","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib4","first-page":"321","article-title":"Quality of life enjoyment and satisfaction questionnaire (Q-LES-Q): a new measure","volume":"29","author":"Endicott","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(02)00107-7","article-title":"Background and rationale for the sequenced treatment alternatives to relieve depression (STAR\u2217D) study","volume":"26","author":"Fava","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychiatry and Clinical in North America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291704002612","article-title":"Clinical correlates and symptom patterns of anxious depression among patients with major depressive disorder in STAR\u2217D","volume":"34","author":"Fava","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.06111868","article-title":"Difference in treatment outcome in outpatients with anxious versus non-anxious depression: a STAR\u2217D report","volume":"165","author":"Fava","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1977.01770140087010","article-title":"Clinical implications of imipramine plasma levels for depressive illness","volume":"34","author":"Glassman","year":"1977","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","article-title":"A rating scale for depression","volume":"23","author":"Hamilton","year":"1960","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology and Neurosurgery Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.9.1643","article-title":"Danish University Antidepressant Group. Are gender differences important for the clinical effects of antidepressants?","volume":"160","author":"Hildebrandt","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002","article-title":"Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Results from the National Comorbidity Survey","volume":"51","author":"Kessler","year":"1994","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000168879.03169.ce","article-title":"Sex differences in antidepressant response in recent antidepressant clinical trials","volume":"25","author":"Khan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1080\/10401230600614496","article-title":"Clinical and demographic factors associated with DSM-IV melancholic depression","volume":"18","author":"Khan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annals of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib14","first-page":"64","article-title":"Computerized assessment of depression and anxiety over the telephone using interactive voice response","volume":"16","author":"Kobak","year":"1999","journal-title":"MD Computer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.9.1445","article-title":"Gender differences in treatment response to sertraline versus imipramine in chronic depression","volume":"157","author":"Kornstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1968.tb02103.x","article-title":"Cumulative illness rating scale","volume":"16","author":"Linn","year":"1968","journal-title":"Journal of American Geriatric Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.09.008","article-title":"Gender differences in depression: findings from the STAR\u2217D study","volume":"87","author":"Marcus","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorder"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2007.06.012","article-title":"Gender differences in depression symptoms in treatment seeking adults: STAR\u2217D confirmatory analyses","volume":"49","author":"Marcus","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(01)00089-X","article-title":"Gender differences in the efficacy of fluoxetine and maprotiline in depressed patients: a double-blind trial of antidepressants with serotonergic or norepinephrinergic reuptake inhibition profile","volume":"11","author":"Mart\u00e9nyi","year":"2001","journal-title":"European Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib20","series-title":"A manual of guidelines for scoring the cumulative rating scale for geriatrics (CIRS-G)","author":"Miller","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.48.5.611","article-title":"Interactive voice response systems in clinical research and treatment","volume":"48","author":"Mundt","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychiatry Services"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.180.5.461","article-title":"The work and social adjustment scale: a simple measure of impairment in functioning","volume":"180","author":"Mundt","year":"2002","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib23","first-page":"495","article-title":"The global burden of disease in 1990: summary results, sensitivity analysis and future directions","volume":"72","author":"Murray","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bulletin of World Health Organization"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n0807","article-title":"Clinical and demographic features of atypical depression in outpatients with major depression: preliminary findings from STAR\u2217D","volume":"66","author":"Novick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.126.4.457","article-title":"Enhancement of imipramine antidepressant activity by thyroid hormone","volume":"126","author":"Prange","year":"1969","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.11.1848","article-title":"Are there differences between women\u2019s and men\u2019s antidepressant responses?","volume":"159","author":"Quitkin","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-197408000-00006","article-title":"Age-sex differences in response to antidepressant drugs","volume":"159","author":"Raskin","year":"1974","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(86)90060-0","article-title":"The inventory for depressive symptomatology (IDS): preliminary findings","volume":"18","author":"Rush","year":"1986","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700035558","article-title":"The inventory of depressive symptomatology (IDS): psychometric properties","volume":"26","author":"Rush","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01866-8","article-title":"The 16-item quick inventory of depressive symptomatology (QIDS), clinician rating (QIDS-C), and self-report (QIDS-SR): a psychometric evaluation in patients with chronic major depression","volume":"54","author":"Rush","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-2456(03)00112-0","article-title":"STAR\u2217D investigators group. Sequenced treatment alternatives to relieve depression (STAR\u2217D): rationale and design","volume":"25","author":"Rush","year":"2004","journal-title":"Controlled Clinical Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.03.005","article-title":"Comorbid psychiatric disorders in depressed outpatients: demographic and clinical features","volume":"87","author":"Rush","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorder"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-200501000-00001","article-title":"Gender differences in routine treatment of depressed outpatients with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline","volume":"20","author":"Thiels","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291703001107","volume":"34","author":"Trivedi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.1.28","article-title":"STAR\u2217D Study Team. Evaluation of outcomes with citalopram for depression using measurement-based care in STAR\u2217D: implications for clinical practice","volume":"163","author":"Trivedi","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301390","article-title":"Maximizing the adequacy of medication treatment in controlled trials and clinical practice: STAR\u2217D measurement-based care","volume":"32","author":"Trivedi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.06071225","article-title":"Predictors of attrition during initial (citalopram) treatment for depression: a STAR\u2217D report","volume":"164","author":"Warden","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002","article-title":"The MOS 36-item short form health survey (SF-36). I. conceptual framework and item selection","volume":"30","author":"Ware","year":"1992","journal-title":"Medicine Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1191\/1740774504cn035oa","article-title":"Web-based communications and management of a multi-center clinical trial: the sequenced treatment alternatives to relieve depression (STAR\u2217D) project","volume":"1","author":"Wisniewski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clinical Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/00131746-200603000-00002","article-title":"For the STAR\u2217D Investigators. Self-rated global measure of the frequency, intensity, and burden of side effects","volume":"12","author":"Wisniewski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.8.787","article-title":"A self-report scale to help make psychiatric diagnoses: the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire","volume":"58","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.8.787","article-title":"A self-report scale to help make psychiatric diagnoses: the psychiatric diagnostic screening questionnaire","volume":"58","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Journal of Psychiatric Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022395608001404?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022395608001404?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T11:06:12Z","timestamp":1758366372000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022395608001404"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022395608001404"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3956"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3956","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sex differences in response to citalopram: A STAR\u2217D report","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Psychiatric Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2008 Elsevier Ltd. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}