{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T02:10:26Z","timestamp":1793326226339,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]],"date-time":"2012-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Psychiatric Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,22]],"date-time":"2012-06-22T22:44:18Z","timestamp":1340405058000},"page":"1212-1216","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Diffusion tensor imaging reveals thalamus and posterior cingulate cortex abnormalities in internet gaming addicts"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Guangheng","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elise","family":"DeVito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-2008-00424","article-title":"Video games as a tool to train visual skills","volume":"26","author":"Achtman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2007.05.011","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging of the brain","volume":"4","author":"Alexander","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1006\/jmrb.1994.1037","article-title":"Estimation of the effective self-diffusion tensor from the Nmr spin-echo","volume":"103","author":"Basser","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Series B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1089\/109493101300210286","article-title":"Modification in the proposed diagnostic criteria for internet addiction","volume":"4","author":"Beard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology and Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004","article-title":"An inventory for measuring depression","volume":"4","author":"Beck","year":"1961","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib6","first-page":"159","article-title":"Assessing white matter integrity as a function of abstinence duration in former cocaine-dependent individuals","volume":"114","author":"Bell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1997.0130","article-title":"Parietal and hippocampal contribution to topokinetic and topographic memory","volume":"352","author":"Berthoz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-007-9132-2","article-title":"Commentary: a response to \u201cproblems with the concept of video game \u201caddiction\u201d: some case study examples\u201d","volume":"6","author":"Blaszczynski","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900020459","article-title":"Prevalence underestimated in problematic internet use study","volume":"12","author":"Block","year":"2006","journal-title":"CNS Spectrums"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07101556","article-title":"Issues for DSM-V: internet addiction","volume":"165","author":"Block","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2010.00266.x","article-title":"White matter microstructure in opiate addiction","volume":"17","author":"Bora","year":"2012","journal-title":"Addiction Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2005.07.002","article-title":"Distinguishing addiction and high engagement in the context of online game playing","volume":"23","author":"Charlton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03566.x","article-title":"Psychological dysregulation, white matter disorganization and substance use disorders in adolescence","volume":"107","author":"Clark","year":"2012","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02833.x","article-title":"Lesions of mediodorsal thalamus and anterior thalamic nuclei produce dissociable effects on instrumental conditioning in rats","volume":"18","author":"Corbit","year":"2003","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq343","article-title":"Loss of white matter integrity is associated with gait disorders in cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"134","author":"de Laat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2008.175","article-title":"Response perseveration and ventral prefrontal sensitivity to reward and punishment in male problem gamblers and smokers","volume":"34","author":"de Ruiter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib17","unstructured":"Dong G, DeVito E, Du X, & Cui Z. Impaired inhibitory control in \u2018internet addiction disorder\u2019: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, in press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2011.06.017","article-title":"Enhanced reward sensitivity and decreased loss sensitivity in internet addicts: an fMRI study during a guessing task","author":"Dong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.09.002","article-title":"Impulse inhibition in people with internet addiction disorder: electrophysiological evidence from a Go\/NoGo study","volume":"485","author":"Dong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14703","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014703","article-title":"Precursor or sequela: pathological disorders in people with internet addiction disorder","volume":"6","author":"Dong","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3479","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.10-11-03479.1990","article-title":"Amygdalar interaction with the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in stimulus-reward associative learning in the monkey","volume":"10","author":"Gaffan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1993.tb00948.x","article-title":"Interaction of the amygdala with the frontal lobe in reward memory","volume":"5","author":"Gaffan","year":"1993","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199702100-00032","article-title":"Mental navigation along memorized routes activates the hippocampus, precuneus, and insula","volume":"8","author":"Ghaem","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2010.491884","article-title":"Introduction to behavioral addictions","volume":"36","author":"Grant","year":"2010","journal-title":"The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-007-9128-y","article-title":"Videogame addiction: further thoughts and observations","volume":"6","author":"Griffiths","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20996","article-title":"Enhanced white matter tracts integrity in children with abacus training","volume":"32","author":"Hu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.02.025","article-title":"White matter plasticity in the corticospinal tract of musicians: a diffusion tensor imaging study","volume":"46","author":"Imfeld","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2009.07.006","article-title":"White matter integrity in adolescents with histories of marijuana use and binge drinking","volume":"31","author":"Jacobus","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology and Teratology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2009.03.012","article-title":"Predictors of heavy internet use and associations with health-promoting and health risk behaviors among Hong Kong university students","volume":"33","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2009.159","article-title":"Predictive values of psychiatric symptoms for internet addiction in adolescents A 2-year prospective study","volume":"163","author":"Ko","year":"2009","journal-title":"Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(97)83296-8","article-title":"The mini international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI). A short diagnostic structured interview: reliability and validity according to the CIDI","volume":"12","author":"Lecrubier","year":"1997","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900015339","article-title":"Problematic internet use: clinical implications","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"CNS Spectrums"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(99)00049-7","article-title":"Incidence and correlates of pathological internet use among college students","volume":"16","author":"Morahan-Martin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2005.8.562","article-title":"Prevalence of pathological Internet use among university students and correlations with self-esteem, the general health questionnaire (GHQ), and disinhibition","volume":"8","author":"Niemz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology and Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3285","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1996.76.5.3285","article-title":"Single neurons in posterior cingulate cortex of behaving macaque: eye movement signals","volume":"76","author":"Olson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.09.006","article-title":"Working memory performance and thalamus microstructure in healthy subjects","volume":"171","author":"Piras","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1378","article-title":"Pathological gambling is linked to reduced activation of the mesolimbic reward system","volume":"8","author":"Reuter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300336","article-title":"Distribution of dopamine D-2-like receptors in the human thalamus: autoradiographic and PET studies","volume":"29","author":"Rieck","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2003.11.004","article-title":"An action video game modifies visual processing","volume":"27","author":"Riesenhuber","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends in Neurosciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1038\/19208","article-title":"Drug addiction: bad habits add up","volume":"398","author":"Robbins","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.02.024","article-title":"Tract-based spatial statistics: voxelwise analysis of multi-subject diffusion data","volume":"31","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.051","article-title":"Advances in functional and structural MR image analysis and implementation as FSL","volume":"23","author":"Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.03.061","article-title":"Threshold-free cluster enhancement: addressing problems of smoothing, threshold dependence and localisation in cluster inference","volume":"44","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2010.312","article-title":"Obesity is associated with reduced white matter integrity in otherwise healthy adults","volume":"19","author":"Stanek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2011.08.022","article-title":"Verbal working memory performance correlates with regional white matter structures in the frontoparietal regions","volume":"49","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15649","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1011043107","article-title":"Short-term meditation induces white matter changes in the anterior cingulate","volume":"107","author":"Tang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib47","first-page":"1188","article-title":"A\u00a0proposed criterion for clinical diagnosis of internet addiction","volume":"33","author":"Tao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Chinese People's Liberation Army"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12212","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0407259102","article-title":"Choice reaction time performance correlates with diffusion anisotropy in white matter pathways supporting visuospatial attention","volume":"102","author":"Tuch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-009-9347-8","article-title":"Compulsive internet use among adolescents: bidirectional parent-child relationships","volume":"38","author":"van den Eijnden","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03104.x","article-title":"Online video game addiction: identification of addicted adolescent gamers","volume":"106","author":"Van Rooij","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1006\/nlme.2002.4099","article-title":"Role of dopamine, the frontal cortex and memory circuits in drug addiction: insight from imaging studies","volume":"78","author":"Volkow","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib52","series-title":"The psychology of the internet","author":"Wallace","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib53","first-page":"890","article-title":"Preliminarily proposed diagnostic criteria of pathological internet use","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chinese Mental Health Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2010.0151","article-title":"A\u00a0psychometric comparison of the internet addiction test, the internet-related problem scale, and self-diagnosis","volume":"14","author":"Widyanto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2004.7.443","article-title":"The psychometric properties of the internet addiction test","volume":"7","author":"Widyanto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology and Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-007-9118-0","article-title":"Problems with the concept of video game \u201caddiction\u201d: some case study examples","volume":"6","author":"Wood","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib57","unstructured":"Xu J, Li Y, Lin H, Sinha R, & Potenza MN. Body mass index correlates negatively with white matter integrity in the fornix and corpus callosum: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Human Brain Mapping, in press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.25","article-title":"White matter integrity is associated with treatment outcome measures in cocaine dependence","volume":"35","author":"Xu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.1998.1.237","article-title":"Internet addiction: the emergence of a new clinical disorder","volume":"1","author":"Young","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology and Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib60","series-title":"Internet addiction test (IAT)","author":"Young","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib61","article-title":"The role of mediodorsal thalamus in temporal differentiation of reward-guided actions","volume":"4","author":"Yu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.4161\/cib.17871","article-title":"Internet addiction: neuroimaging findings","volume":"4","author":"Yuan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Communicative & Integrative Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.09.001","article-title":"Combining shape and connectivity analysis: an MRI study of thalamic degeneration in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"49","author":"Zarei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"}],"container-title":["Journal of Psychiatric Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022395612001781?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022395612001781?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T12:28:27Z","timestamp":1743596907000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022395612001781"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022395612001781"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3956"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3956","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]}}}