{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T14:32:08Z","timestamp":1793716328404,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journalofpsychiatricresearch.com","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Psychiatric Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,2]],"date-time":"2014-07-02T03:16:20Z","timestamp":1404270980000},"page":"34-40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":125,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Association between methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene, childhood maltreatment, and clinical severity in borderline personality disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"Mart\u00edn-Blanco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Ferrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaquim","family":"Soler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Andi\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Sanchez-Mora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Jes\u00fas","family":"Arranz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Ribases","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Feliu-Soler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib1","first-page":"293","article-title":"Validation of a Spanish version of the diagnostic interview for borderlines revised (DIB-R)","volume":"32","author":"Barrachina","year":"2004","journal-title":"Actas Esp Psiquiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579409000418","article-title":"Multifinality in the development of personality disorders: a Biology\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0Sex\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0Environment interaction model of antisocial and borderline traits","volume":"21","author":"Beauchaine","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(02)00541-0","article-title":"Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire","volume":"27","author":"Bernstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.05.002","article-title":"Decreased adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol responses to stress in healthy adults reporting significant childhood maltreatment","volume":"62","author":"Carpenter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.022590","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response in borderline personality disorder without post-traumatic features","volume":"190","author":"Carrasco","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015616","article-title":"A\u00a0biosocial developmental model of borderline personality: elaborating and extending Linehan's theory","volume":"135","author":"Crowell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.4161\/epi.6.12.18363","article-title":"Increased DNA methylation of neuropsychiatric genes occurs in borderline personality disorder","volume":"6","author":"Dammann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R43","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2012-13-6-r43","article-title":"Functional annotation of the human brain methylome identifies tissue-specific epigenetic variation across brain and blood","volume":"13","author":"Davies","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.1.05773","article-title":"Glucocorticoid down-regulation of rat glucocorticoid receptor does not involve differential promoter regulation","volume":"183","author":"Freeman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.1994.8.2.104","article-title":"The diagnosis of personality disorder with a modified version of the SCID-II in a Spanish clinical sample","volume":"8","author":"G\u00f3mez-Beneyto","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Personal Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib11","first-page":"200","article-title":"The role of childhood trauma in the neurobiology of mood and anxiety disorders: preclinical and clinical studies","volume":"50","author":"Heim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1038\/318635a0","article-title":"Primary structure and expression of a functional human glucocorticoid receptor cDNA","volume":"318","author":"Hollenberg","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2013.03.009","article-title":"Investigating the influence of maternal cortisol and emotional state during pregnancy on the DNA methylation status of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) promoter region in cord blood","volume":"47","author":"Hompes","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1089","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of gene expression: how the genome integrates intrinsic and environmental signals","volume":"33","author":"Jaenisch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.01.034","article-title":"Differential glucocorticoid receptor exon 1(B), 1(C), and 1(H) expression and methylation in suicide completers with a history of childhood abuse","volume":"72","author":"Labonte","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl.\u00a02","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17253","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1121249109","article-title":"Factors underlying variable DNA methylation in a human community cohort","volume":"109","author":"Lam","year":"2012","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib17","series-title":"Cognitive-behavioral treatment for borderline personality disorder; the dialectics of effective treatment","author":"Linehan","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2013.08.026","article-title":"Exploring the interaction between childhood maltreatment and temperamental traits on the severity of borderline personality disorder","volume":"55","author":"Mart\u00edn-Blanco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.4161\/epi.25865","article-title":"Distinctive patterns of DNA methylation associated with Parkinson disease: identification of concordant epigenetic changes in brain and peripheral blood leukocytes","volume":"8","author":"Masliah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib21","first-page":"506","article-title":"5\u2032-heterogeneity of glucocorticoid receptor messenger RNA is tissue specific: differential regulation of variant transcripts by early-life events","volume":"14","author":"McCormick","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.07.074","article-title":"Diet and the epigenetic (re)programming of phenotypic differences in behavior","volume":"1237","author":"McGowan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2270","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor in human brain associates with childhood abuse","volume":"12","author":"McGowan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1110-1313","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of the neural transcriptome: the meaning of the marks","volume":"13","author":"Meaney","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/16.3.1215","article-title":"A\u00a0simple salting out procedure for extracting DNA from human nucleated cells","volume":"16","author":"Miller","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.4161\/epi.21180","article-title":"Methylation changes at NR3C1 in newborns associate with maternal prenatal stress exposure and newborn birth weight","volume":"7","author":"Mulligan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2011.00016","article-title":"Epigenetics of early child development","volume":"2","author":"Murgatroyd","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000512","article-title":"The preeminent role of early untoward experience on vulnerability to major psychiatric disorders: the nature-nurture controversy revisited and soon to be resolved","volume":"4","author":"Nemeroff","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.4161\/epi.3.2.6034","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to maternal depression, neonatal methylation of human glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) and infant cortisol stress responses","volume":"3","author":"Oberlander","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e59","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2011.60","article-title":"Increased methylation of glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) in adults with a history of childhood maltreatment: a link with the severity and type of trauma","volume":"1","author":"Perroud","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib31","article-title":"Childhood maltreatment and methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene NR3C1 in bipolar disorder","author":"Perroud","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e207","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2012.140","article-title":"Response to psychotherapy in borderline personality disorder and methylation status of the BDNF gene","volume":"3","author":"Perroud","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2011.21","article-title":"Transgenerational impact of intimate partner violence on methylation in the promoter of the glucocorticoid receptor","volume":"1","author":"Radtke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.4161\/epi.6.7.16500","article-title":"DNA methylation in white blood cells: association with risk factors in epidemiologic studies","volume":"6","author":"Terry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.1.01822","article-title":"Structure of the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) gene 5\u2032 untranslated region: identification, and tissue distribution of multiple new human exon 1","volume":"35","author":"Turner","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2010.06.037","article-title":"Transcriptional control of the glucocorticoid receptor: CpG islands, epigenetics and more","volume":"80","author":"Turner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30148","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030148","article-title":"Childhood adversity and epigenetic modulation of the leukocyte glucocorticoid receptor: preliminary findings in healthy adults","volume":"7","author":"Tyrka","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e381","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2014.22","article-title":"Glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) methylation following stressful events between birth and adolescence. The TRAILS study","volume":"4","author":"van der Knaap","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1276","article-title":"Epigenetic programming by maternal behavior","volume":"7","author":"Weaver","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2009.23.5.433","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective investigation of borderline personality disorder in abused and neglected children followed up into adulthood","volume":"23","author":"Widom","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Personal Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.09.014","article-title":"Borderline personality disorder: hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis and findings from neuroimaging studies","volume":"35","author":"Wingenfeld","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.4161\/epi.6.1.13391","article-title":"Global methylation profiles in DNA from different blood cell types","volume":"6","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2013.00118","article-title":"Epigenetic biomarkers as predictors and correlates of symptom improvement following psychotherapy in combat veterans with PTSD","volume":"4","author":"Yehuda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(05)70145-3","article-title":"Childhood experiences associated with the development of borderline personality disorder","volume":"23","author":"Zanarini","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.1997.11.1.93","article-title":"Pathways to the development of borderline personality disorder","volume":"11","author":"Zanarini","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Personal Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e63812","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063812","article-title":"Tobacco smoking leads to extensive genome-wide changes in DNA methylation","volume":"8","author":"Zeilinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Journal of Psychiatric Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022395614001794?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022395614001794?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,2]],"date-time":"2018-10-02T00:26:42Z","timestamp":1538440002000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022395614001794"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0022395614001794"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3956"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3956","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Association between methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene, childhood maltreatment, and clinical severity in borderline personality disorder","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Psychiatric Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}