{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T18:52:39Z","timestamp":1778871159325,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["106-2917-I-564-027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["106-2917-I-564-027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["108-2221-E-008 -095 -MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["108-2221-E-008 -095 -MY2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["108-2221-E-008 -040 -MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["108-2221-E-008 -040 -MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Psychiatric Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,20]],"date-time":"2019-10-20T23:25:16Z","timestamp":1571613916000},"page":"131-136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Development of an addiction index and delineation 15-year trends of illicit drugs from the Taiwan national drug enhancement database"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo-Yu","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Men-Tzung","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chuan","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Hsuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016_bib1","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5\u00ae)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.2.3.244","article-title":"Comparative epidemiology of dependence on tobacco, alcohol, controlled substances, and inhalants: basic findings from the National Comorbidity Survey","volume":"2","author":"Anthony","year":"1994","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199582","article-title":"Improving forecasting accuracy for stock market data using EMD-HW bagging","volume":"13","author":"Awajan","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03461.x","article-title":"Basing drug scheduling decisions on scientific ranking of harmfulness: false promise from false premises","volume":"106","author":"Caulkins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addiction (Abingdon, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2017.07.003","article-title":"Differences in prevalence, socio-behavioral correlates, and psychosocial distress between club drug and hard drug use in Taiwan: results from the 2014 National Survey of Substance Use","volume":"48","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Drug Policy"},{"issue":"9562","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60291-8","article-title":"HIV-1 in Taiwan","volume":"369","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"9810","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61138-0","article-title":"Extent of illicit drug use and dependence, and their contribution to the global burden of disease","volume":"379","author":"Degenhardt","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-016-0078-x","article-title":"Comparison of illegal drug use pattern in Taiwan and Korea from 2006 to 2014","volume":"11","author":"Feng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Subst. Abus. Treat. Prev. Policy"},{"issue":"10053","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31679-8","article-title":"Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990\u20132015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"388","author":"Forouzanfar","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1999.9410154110.x","article-title":"The 12-month prevalence of substance use and ICD-10 substance use disorders in Australian adults: findings from the National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being","volume":"94","author":"Hall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Addiction (Abingdon, England)"},{"issue":"1971","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.1998.0193","article-title":"The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis","volume":"454","author":"Huang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. Ser. A: Math. Phys. Eng. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001625","article-title":"Changes in HIV incidence among people who inject drugs in Taiwan following introduction of a harm reduction program: a study of two cohorts","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2013.09.003","article-title":"The trend of drug abuse in Taiwan during the years 1999 to 2011","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Food Drug Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016_bib14","series-title":"The Application of Fourier Analysis to Forecasting the Inbound Call Time Series of a Call Centre","author":"Lewis","year":"2003"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016_bib15","first-page":"778","article-title":"Evolution of the legislative and administrative system of controlled drugs in Taiwan","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Food Drug Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.2147\/SAR.S15458","article-title":"To use or not to use: an update on licit and illicit ketamine use","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Subst. Abus. Rehabil."},{"issue":"6 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"061924","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.79.061924","article-title":"Nonlinear phase interaction between nonstationary signals: a comparison study of methods based on Hilbert-Huang and Fourier transforms","volume":"79","author":"Lo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.10.012","article-title":"Sex and gender differences in substance use disorders","volume":"66","author":"McHugh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016_bib19","series-title":"Narcotics Hazard Prevention Act","author":"Ministry of Justice","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.17m11718","article-title":"Trends in illicit drug use among smokers and nonsmokers in the United States, 2002-2014","volume":"79","author":"Moeller","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61162-3","article-title":"Cannabis use and risk of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes: a systematic review","volume":"370","author":"Moore","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"9752","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61462-6","article-title":"Drug harms in the UK: a multicriteria decision analysis","volume":"376","author":"Nutt","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"9566","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60464-4","article-title":"Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse","volume":"369","author":"Nutt","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.02.009","article-title":"Perceived risk of regular cannabis use in the United States from 2002 to 2012: differences by sex, age, and race\/ethnicity","volume":"149","author":"Pacek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8619","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.22.8619","article-title":"Evidence for a circaseptan and a circasemiseptan growth response to light\/dark cycle shifts in nucleated and enucleated Acetabularia cells, respectively","volume":"83","author":"Schweiger","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881115581980","article-title":"European rating of drug harms","volume":"29","author":"van Amsterdam","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1511480","article-title":"Neurobiologic advances from the brain disease model of addiction","volume":"374","author":"Volkow","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2005.11.003","article-title":"Gender differences in alcohol and substance use relapse","volume":"26","author":"Walitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14889","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0701020104","article-title":"On the trend, detrending, and variability of nonlinear and nonstationary time series","volume":"104","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014612","article-title":"Temporal associations between weather and headache: analysis by empirical mode decomposition","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013728","article-title":"Do seasons have an influence on the incidence of depression? The use of an internet search engine query data as a proxy of human affect","volume":"5","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.08.010","article-title":"Decomposing the association of completed suicide with air pollution, weather, and unemployment data at different time scales","volume":"129","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-131X(199911)18:6<369::AID-FOR748>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"Dynamic harmonic regression","volume":"18","author":"Young","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Forecast."}],"container-title":["Journal of Psychiatric Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002239561930740X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002239561930740X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T11:13:56Z","timestamp":1758366836000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S002239561930740X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S002239561930740X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3956"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3956","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Development of an addiction index and delineation 15-year trends of illicit drugs from the Taiwan national drug enhancement database","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Psychiatric Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}