{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T18:22:51Z","timestamp":1789582971702,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KO 5231\/2\\u20131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KO 5231\/2\\u20131"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KO 5231\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KO 5231\/2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Psychiatric Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T02:52:16Z","timestamp":1595904736000},"page":"120-127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Understanding versus feeling the emotions of others: How persistent and recurrent depression affect empathy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Anne","family":"Guhn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Merkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"H\u00fcbner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Dziobek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Sterzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"K\u00f6hler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib1","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(94)90005-1","article-title":"The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale--I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure","volume":"38","author":"Bagby","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00715","article-title":"The \"Reading the Mind in the Eyes\" Test revised version: a study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism","volume":"42","author":"Baron-Cohen","year":"2001","journal-title":"JCPP (J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20346","article-title":"Interpersonal profiles in major depressive disorder","volume":"63","author":"Barrett","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib5","series-title":"Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II","author":"Beck","year":"1996"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1159\/000446707","article-title":"Theory of mind in depressive disorders: a review of the literature","volume":"49","author":"Berecz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.8.1132","article-title":"Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect","volume":"151","author":"Bernstein","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Psych"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.05.057","article-title":"Interpersonal styles in major and chronic depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"239","author":"Bird","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.11.023","article-title":"Theory of mind in major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis","volume":"191","author":"Bora","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155","article-title":"A power primer","volume":"122","author":"Cohen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.02.005","article-title":"Childhood abuse and neglect and adult intimate relationships: a prospective study","volume":"28","author":"Colman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.04.013","article-title":"Altered empathic responding in major depressive disorder: relation to symptom severity, illness burden, and psychosocial outcome","volume":"188","author":"Cusi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib13","first-page":"85","article-title":"A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy","volume":"10","author":"Davis","year":"1980","journal-title":"Catalog Sel. Documents Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.44.1.113","article-title":"Measuring individual differences in empathy: evidence for a multidimensional approach","volume":"44","author":"Davis","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1177\/1534582304267187","article-title":"The functional architecture of human empathy","volume":"3","author":"Decety","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behav. Cognit. Neurosci. Rev."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2012.09.020","article-title":"How specific are emotional deficits? A comparison of empathic abilities in schizophrenia, bipolar and depressed patients","volume":"142","author":"Derntl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.02.006","article-title":"Autistic traits and empathy in chronic vs. episodic depression","volume":"195","author":"Domes","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-007-0486-x","article-title":"Dissociation of cognitive and emotional empathy in adults with Asperger syndrome using the Multifaceted Empathy Test (MET)","volume":"38","author":"Dziobek","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib19","series-title":"Manual zur Behandlung interpersoneller Probleme","article-title":"Kiesler-kreis-training","author":"Guhn","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208616","article-title":"Negative mood induction: affective reactivity in recurrent, but not persistent depression","volume":"14","author":"Guhn","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.12.090","article-title":"Affective and cognitive reactivity to mood induction in chronic depression","volume":"229","author":"Guhn","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","article-title":"A rating scale for depression","volume":"23","author":"Hamilton","year":"1960","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2008.07.012","article-title":"I feel how you feel but not always: the empathic brain and its modulation","volume":"18","author":"Hein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v61n0405","article-title":"Social functioning in depression: a review","volume":"61","author":"Hirschfeld","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2006.04.018","article-title":"Deficit in theory of mind is a risk for relapse of major depression","volume":"95","author":"Inoue","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22844","article-title":"Social cognitive abilities predict psychosocial dysfunction in major depressive disorder","volume":"36","author":"Knight","year":"2019","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22835","article-title":"Differences between chronic and nonchronic depression: systematic review and implications for treatment","volume":"36","author":"K\u00f6hler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.07.002","article-title":"Social functioning in major depressive disorder","volume":"69","author":"Kupferberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.10.005","article-title":"A comparison of capacities for social cognition and metacognition in first episode and prolonged depression","volume":"220","author":"Ladegaard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199605000-00002","article-title":"Impaired verbal and nonverbal emotion recognition in alexithymia","volume":"58","author":"Lane","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.02.007","article-title":"Mental state decoding abilities in clinical depression","volume":"86","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1177\/104012371402600204","article-title":"Empathy and childhood maltreatment: a mixed-methods investigation","volume":"26","author":"Locher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1159\/000430450","article-title":"Behavioral evidence for an impairment of affective theory of mind capabilities in chronic depression","volume":"48","author":"Mattern","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib34","series-title":"CBASP as a Distinctive Treatment for Persistent Depressive Disorder","author":"McCullough","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib35","series-title":"Moral Behavior and Free Will: A Neurobiological and Philosophical Approach","first-page":"333","article-title":"The development of empathy: how, when and why","author":"McDonald","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.11020335","article-title":"Childhood maltreatment predicts unfavorable course of illness and treatment outcome in depression: a meta-analysis","volume":"169","author":"Nanni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.180752","article-title":"Childhood maltreatment and characteristics of adult depression: meta-analysis","volume":"210","author":"Nelson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(01)00408-6","article-title":"Guilt, fear, submission, and empathy in depression","volume":"71","author":"O'Connor","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib39","author":"Paulus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.07.045","article-title":"Childhood emotional abuse, physical abuse, and neglect are associated with theory of mind decoding accuracy in young adults with depression","volume":"268","author":"Rnic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.03.054","article-title":"Empathic behavioral and physiological responses to dynamic stimuli in depression","volume":"200","author":"Schneider","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.009","article-title":"Empathy in adults with clinical or subclinical depressive symptoms","volume":"150","author":"Schreiter","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.02.001","article-title":"Implicit and explicit behavioral tendencies in male and female depression","volume":"177","author":"Seidel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858410379268","article-title":"The neural bases for empathy","volume":"17","author":"Shamay-Tsoory","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"issue":"Suppl. 20","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib45","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.01.024","article-title":"Empathy and social problem solving in alcohol dependence, mood disorders and selected personality disorders","volume":"37","author":"Thoma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.05.015","article-title":"Nice or effective? Social problem solving strategies in patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"228","author":"Thoma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.07.030","article-title":"Cognitive and affective empathy in depression linked to executive control","volume":"189","author":"Thoma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.02.039","article-title":"Contrasting chronic with episodic depression: an analysis of distorted socio-emotional information processing in chronic depression","volume":"141","author":"van Randenborgh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2007.07.018","article-title":"Theory of mind disability in major depression with or without psychotic symptoms: a componential view","volume":"161","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.11.021","article-title":"Exploring preoperational features in chronic depression","volume":"124","author":"Wilbertz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.02.010","article-title":"I can see what you feel, but I can't deal with it: impaired theory of mind in depression","volume":"132","author":"Wolkenstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20713","article-title":"Theory of mind deficits in chronically depressed patients","volume":"27","author":"Zobel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiao-Tasserit, E., Corradi-Dell'Acqua, C., Vuilleumier, P. (2018). The good, the bad and the suffering. Transient emotional episodes modulate the neural circuits of pain. Neuropsychologia, 116(Pt A), 99-116. doi:10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2017.12.027.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2017.12.027"}],"container-title":["Journal of Psychiatric Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022395620308554?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022395620308554?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:59:01Z","timestamp":1777388341000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022395620308554"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S0022395620308554"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3956"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3956","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Understanding versus feeling the emotions of others: How persistent and recurrent depression affect empathy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Psychiatric Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.023","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}