{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T15:45:25Z","timestamp":1792165525851,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629676800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":295,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["I 01 CX001135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I 01 CX001135"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IK2 CX001952"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IK2 CX001952"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IK2 RX002459"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IK2 RX002459"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006380","name":"Rehabilitation Research and Development Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006380","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-13-2-0095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-13-2-0095"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Psychiatric Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,15]],"date-time":"2020-08-15T02:46:59Z","timestamp":1597459619000},"page":"224-230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Post-concussive symptom endorsement and symptom attribution following remote mild traumatic brain injury in combat-exposed Veterans: An exploratory study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Victoria C.","family":"Merritt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Jurick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"McKenna S.","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura D.","family":"Crocker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molly J.","family":"Sullan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha N.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delaney K.","family":"Davey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy J.","family":"Jak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2009.01517.x","article-title":"PTSD, combat injury, and headache in Veterans returning from Iraq\/Afghanistan","volume":"49","author":"Afari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Headache J. Head Face Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib2","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e732","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006034","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of the predictors of neurobehavioral symptom reporting in veterans","volume":"91","author":"Andrews","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E118","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usy225","article-title":"PTSD as a mediator in the relationship between post-concussive symptoms and pain among OEF\/OIF\/OND Veterans","volume":"184","author":"Avallone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2013.774438","article-title":"Postconcussive symptom complaints and potentially malleable positive predictors","volume":"27","author":"Belanger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib7","article-title":"Misconceptions and misattributions about traumatic brain injury: an integrated conceptual framework","author":"Block","year":"2016","journal-title":"P & M (Philos. Med.) R"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00929","article-title":"Efficacy of psychoeducation and cognitive rehabilitation after mild traumatic brain injury for preventing post-concussional syndrome in individuals with high risk of poor prognosis: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"10","author":"Caplain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327558ijbm0401_6","article-title":"You want to measure coping but your protocol's too long: consider the Brief COPE","volume":"4","author":"Carver","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HTR.0000290970.56130.81","article-title":"Perceived self-efficacy and life satisfaction after traumatic brain injury","volume":"22","author":"Cicerone","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Head Trauma Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-199510030-00002","article-title":"Persistent postconcussion syndrome: the structure of subjective complaints after mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"10","author":"Cicerone","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Head Trauma Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-015-9440-2","article-title":"Treatment of persistent post-concussive symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of cognitive rehabilitation and behavioral health interventions in military service members and veterans","volume":"9","author":"Cooper","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Imag. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2012.713984","article-title":"Incidence of postconcussion symptoms in psychiatric diagnostic groups, mild traumatic brain injury, and comorbid conditions","volume":"26","author":"Donnell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708004595","article-title":"Symptoms of post-concussional syndrome are non-specifically related to mild traumatic brain injury in UK Armed Forces personnel on return from deployment in Iraq: an analysis of self-reported data","volume":"39","author":"Fear","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2011-300767","article-title":"When a minor head injury results in enduring symptoms: a prospective investigation of risk factors for postconcussional syndrome after mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"83","author":"Hou","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2005.12.008","article-title":"Misdiagnosis of the persistent postconcussion syndrome in patients with depression","volume":"21","author":"Iverson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1207\/S15324826AN1003_02","article-title":"Examination of \u201cpostconcussion-like\u201d symptoms in a healthy sample","volume":"10","author":"Iverson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib18","first-page":"S64","article-title":"On confirmatory versus exploratory research","volume":"54","author":"Jaeger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Herpetologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-319315","article-title":"SMART-CPT for veterans with comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder and history of traumatic brain injury: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"90","author":"Jak","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2020.1730975","article-title":"PTSD, but not history of mTBI, is associated with altered myelin in combat-exposed Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans","author":"Jak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2018.1493225","article-title":"Pilot investigation of a novel white matter imaging technique in Veterans with and without history of mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"32","author":"Jurick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Inj."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: the validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2012.2685","article-title":"Risk factors for postconcussion symptom reporting after traumatic brain injury in U.S. military service members","volume":"30","author":"Lange","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617712000999","article-title":"Postconcussive complaints, cognition, symptom attribution and effort among veterans","volume":"19","author":"Larson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e3182596382","article-title":"Postconcussive symptom reporting among U.S. combat Veterans with mild traumatic brain injury from Operation Iraqi Freedom","volume":"28","author":"MacGregor","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Head Trauma Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2016.1277402","article-title":"Perceptions of mild traumatic brain injury in adults: a scoping review","volume":"40","author":"Mah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000312","article-title":"Sleep quality affects cognitive functioning in returning combat veterans beyond combat exposure, PTSD, and mild TBI history","volume":"31","author":"Martindale","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2019.1610161","article-title":"Evaluation of objective and subjective clinical outcomes in combat veterans with and without mild TBI and PTSD: a four-group design","volume":"41","author":"Merritt","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1017\/S135561771300146X","article-title":"Factors associated with mild traumatic brain injury in veterans and military personnel: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"O'Neil","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e328014a871","article-title":"The role of illness perceptions in patients with medical conditions","volume":"20","author":"Petrie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5424","article-title":"Adversity and resilience are associated with outcome after mild traumatic brain injury in military service members","volume":"35","author":"Reid","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3455","article-title":"A multisite study of the relationships between blast exposures and symptom reporting in a post-deployment active duty military population with mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"31","author":"Reid","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib34","first-page":"2","article-title":"Iatrogenic risk in the management of mild traumatic brain injury among combat Veterans: a case illustration and commentary","volume":"1","author":"Roth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib35","series-title":"The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Version 7.0 for DSM-5 (MINI 7.0)","author":"Sheehan","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1080\/13803390801978849","article-title":"A systematic review of psychological treatments for mild traumatic brain injury: an update on the evidence","volume":"31","author":"Snell","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s40141-018-0173-1","article-title":"Symptom reporting and management of chronic post-concussive symptoms in military service members and veterans","volume":"6","author":"Soble","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Phys. Med. Rehabil. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2014.894576","article-title":"Normative data for the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) and post-concussion symptom profiles among TBI, PTSD, and nonclinical samples","volume":"28","author":"Soble","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.4320","article-title":"Prognostic indicators of persistent post-concussive symptoms after deployment-related mild traumatic brain injury: a prospective longitudinal study in U.S. Army Soldiers","volume":"33","author":"Stein","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib40","series-title":"VA\/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Concussion-Mild Traumatic Brain Injury","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/rep0000255","article-title":"Reconceptualizing rehabilitation of individuals with chronic symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"64","author":"Vanderploeg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rehabil. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000009","article-title":"The structure of postconcussion symptoms on the neurobehavioral symptom inventory: a comparison of alternative models","volume":"30","author":"Vanderploeg","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Head Trauma Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21868","article-title":"Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory-2 (DRRI-2): an updated tool for assessing psychosocial risk and resilience factors among service members and veterans","volume":"26","author":"Vogt","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Trauma Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3433","article-title":"Structured interview for mild traumatic brain injury after military blast: inter-rater agreement and development of diagnostic algorithm","volume":"32","author":"Walker","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006_bib46","author":"Weathers","year":"2013","journal-title":"The PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Psychiatric Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022395620309171?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022395620309171?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T02:44:29Z","timestamp":1777430669000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022395620309171"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0022395620309171"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3956"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3956","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Post-concussive symptom endorsement and symptom attribution following remote mild traumatic brain injury in combat-exposed Veterans: An exploratory study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Psychiatric Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}