{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:55:44Z","timestamp":1792623344625,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004717","name":"Ministry of National Defense, People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004717","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["109-2628-B-016-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["109-2628-B-016-003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["106-2314-B-016-021-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["106-2314-B-016-021-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010425","name":"Tri-Service General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TSGH-D-109134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSGH-D-109134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010425","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019000","name":"Medical Affairs Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MAB-109-078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAB-109-078"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019000","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Psychiatric Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T02:50:38Z","timestamp":1602816638000},"page":"151-160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Adjunct high-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation over the lateral prefrontal cortex improves negative symptoms of schizophrenia: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"132","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9639-6158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuan-Chia","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yen-Yue","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nian-Sheng","family":"Tzeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chen","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5572-7109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsin-An","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3459-15.2016","article-title":"Frontostriatal white matter integrity predicts development of delay of gratification: a longitudinal study","volume":"36","author":"Achterberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.02.009","article-title":"Moderate effects of noninvasive brain stimulation of the frontal cortex for improving negative symptoms in schizophrenia: meta-analysis of controlled trials","volume":"89","author":"Aleman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.12.003","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene polymorphisms shape cortical plasticity in humans","volume":"3","author":"Antal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3616807","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3616807","article-title":"Transcranial alternating current and random noise stimulation: possible mechanisms","volume":"2016","author":"Antal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.02.020","article-title":"White matter integrity and lack of insight in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder","volume":"128","author":"Antonius","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145710001690","article-title":"A systematic review on reporting and assessment of adverse effects associated with transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"14","author":"Brunoni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib7","first-page":"1","article-title":"New standards for negative symptom assessment","volume":"42","author":"Carpenter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.02.051","article-title":"Is formal thought disorder in schizophrenia related to structural and functional aberrations in the language network? A systematic review of neuroimaging findings","volume":"199","author":"Cavelti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00125","article-title":"Transcranial random noise stimulation-induced plasticity is NMDA-receptor independent but sodium-channel blocker and benzodiazepines sensitive","volume":"9","author":"Chaieb","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-009-1938-7","article-title":"Short-duration transcranial random noise stimulation induces blood oxygenation level dependent response attenuation in the human motor cortex","volume":"198","author":"Chaieb","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109715","volume":"96","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, C.C., Kao, Y.C., Tzeng, N.S., Chao, C.Y., Chang, H.A., 2020b. The effects of extracephalic bi-anodal transcranial direct current stimulation targeting the prefrontal cortex on insight levels, cardio-respiratory and autonomic functions in schizophrenia patients and exploratory biomarker analyses for treatment response. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. Aug 18:pyaa063. doi: 10.1093\/ijnp\/pyaa063. Online ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyaa063"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyy074","article-title":"The effects of add-on fronto-temporal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on auditory verbal hallucinations, other psychopathological symptoms, and insight in schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15416","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2002-11.2011","article-title":"Random noise stimulation improves neuroplasticity in perceptual learning","volume":"31","author":"Fertonani","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhy093","article-title":"Frontal transcranial direct current stimulation induces dopamine release in the ventral striatum in human","volume":"28","author":"Fonteneau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cerebr. Cortex"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0443-4","article-title":"Endogenous dopamine release under transcranial direct-current stimulation governs enhanced attention: a study with positron emission tomography","volume":"9","author":"Fukai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbu170","article-title":"Treatments of negative symptoms in schizophrenia: meta-analysis of 168 randomized placebo-controlled trials","volume":"41","author":"Fusar-Poli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.09.004","article-title":"The functional neuroanatomy of symptom dimensions in schizophrenia: a qualitative and quantitative review of a persistent question","volume":"34","author":"Goghari","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.07.043","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of fronto-temporal transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) in drug-free patients with schizophrenia: a case study","volume":"159","author":"Haesebaert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2015.09.001","article-title":"Understanding the impact of persistent symptoms in schizophrenia: cross-sectional findings from the Pattern study","volume":"169","author":"Haro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.11.008","article-title":"Online effects of transcranial direct current stimulation in real time on human prefrontal and striatal metabolites","volume":"80","author":"Hone-Blanchet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00668","article-title":"Comparison of three non-invasive transcranial electrical stimulation methods for increasing cortical excitability","volume":"10","author":"Inukai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.09.016","article-title":"Cardiovascular differences between sham and active iTBS related to treatment response in MDD","volume":"13","author":"Iseger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.10.006","article-title":"A frontal-vagal network theory for Major Depressive Disorder: implications for optimizing neuromodulation techniques","volume":"13","author":"Iseger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2017.12.009","article-title":"Adjunct transcranial direct current stimulation improves cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia: a double-blind 12-week study","volume":"197","author":"Jeon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.09.017","article-title":"Left prefrontal high-frequency rTMS may improve movement disorder in schizophrenia patients with predominant negative symptoms - a secondary analysis of a sham-controlled, randomized multicenter trial","volume":"204","author":"Kamp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.02.029","article-title":"Modulation of self-appraisal of illness, medication adherence, life quality and autonomic functioning by transcranial direct current stimulation in schizophrenia patients","volume":"131","author":"Kao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2011.2126571","article-title":"Stochastic resonance can enhance information transmission in neural networks","volume":"58","author":"Kawaguchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.05.003","article-title":"Secondary negative symptoms - a review of mechanisms, assessment and treatment","volume":"186","author":"Kirschner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00181","article-title":"The contribution of interindividual factors to variability of response in transcranial direct current stimulation studies","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20508","article-title":"Insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: relationship with behavior, mood and perceived quality of life, underlying causes and emerging treatments","volume":"17","author":"Lysaker","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Psychiatr."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v58n1205","article-title":"The effects of risperidone on the five dimensions of schizophrenia derived by factor analysis: combined results of the North American trials","volume":"58","author":"Marder","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5326","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3128-18.2019","article-title":"Increased neural activity in mesostriatal regions after prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation and l-DOPA administration","volume":"39","author":"Meyer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2012.04.011","article-title":"Induction of late LTP-like plasticity in the human motor cortex by repeated non-invasive brain stimulation","volume":"6","author":"Monte-Silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2003.09.014","article-title":"Stochastic resonance and sensory information processing: a tutorial and review of application","volume":"115","author":"Moss","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"10074","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30060-0","article-title":"Cariprazine versus risperidone monotherapy for treatment of predominant negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial","volume":"389","author":"Nemeth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4641","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.232975","article-title":"The pharmacology of neuroplasticity induced by non-invasive brain stimulation: building models for the clinical use of CNS active drugs","volume":"590","author":"Nitsche","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.010","article-title":"Non-invasive brain stimulation for negative symptoms in schizophrenia: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"197","author":"Osoegawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.03.003","article-title":"Transcranial random noise stimulation for the treatment of negative symptoms in schizophrenia","volume":"146","author":"Palm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.018","article-title":"Modulatory mechanisms underlying high-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation (hf-tRNS): a combined stochastic resonance and equivalent noise approach","volume":"12","author":"Pavan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.08.009","article-title":"Task-related fronto-striatal functional connectivity during working memory performance in schizophrenia","volume":"150","author":"Quide","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.2196","article-title":"Ventral striatal activation during reward processing in psychosis: a neurofunctional meta-analysis","volume":"72","author":"Radua","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059669","article-title":"High-frequency TRNS reduces BOLD activity during visuomotor learning","volume":"8","author":"Saiote","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2015.04.021","article-title":"Neurobiology of insight deficits in schizophrenia: an fMRI study","volume":"165","author":"Shad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2005.11.001","article-title":"Prefrontal subregions and dimensions of insight in first-episode schizophrenia--a pilot study","volume":"146","author":"Shad","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sby165","article-title":"Aberrant frontostriatal connectivity in negative symptoms of schizophrenia","volume":"45","author":"Shukla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.04.045","article-title":"Long-term enhancement of brain function and cognition using cognitive training and brain stimulation","volume":"23","author":"Snowball","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2019.09.005","article-title":"Subjective response to antipsychotics in bipolar disorders: a review of a neglected area","volume":"62","author":"Strejilevich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-009-0094-1","article-title":"Reduced gray matter volume of Brodmann's Area 45 is associated with severe psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"260","author":"Suga","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatr. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.07.003","article-title":"Impaired prefrontal activity to regulate the intrinsic motivation-action link in schizophrenia","volume":"16","author":"Takeda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"issue":"52","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14147","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4248-08.2008","article-title":"Increasing human brain excitability by transcranial high-frequency random noise stimulation","volume":"28","author":"Terney","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00572","article-title":"Noise improves visual motion discrimination via a stochastic resonance-like phenomenon","volume":"10","author":"Trevino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib53","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of transcranial direct current stimulation for treating negative symptoms in schizophrenia: a randomized clinical trial","author":"Valiengo","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.08.007","article-title":"Electroencephalographic effects of transcranial random noise stimulation in the auditory cortex","volume":"7","author":"Van Doren","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717001283","article-title":"Prefrontal cortical thinning links to negative symptoms in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium","volume":"48","author":"Walton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820120047007","article-title":"Negative symptoms and hypofrontality in chronic schizophrenia","volume":"49","author":"Wolkin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"37","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12934","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2398-12.2012","article-title":"Distinct information representation and processing for goal-directed behavior in the dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the dorsal premotor cortex","volume":"32","author":"Yamagata","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02475-6","article-title":"Human hearing enhanced by noise","volume":"869","author":"Zeng","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-014-1502-8","article-title":"Prefrontal cortex and the dysconnectivity hypothesis of schizophrenia","volume":"31","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci Bull"}],"container-title":["Journal of Psychiatric Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022395620310116?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022395620310116?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:54:25Z","timestamp":1778633665000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022395620310116"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":59,"alternative-id":["S0022395620310116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3956"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3956","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Adjunct high-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation over the lateral prefrontal cortex improves negative symptoms of schizophrenia: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled pilot study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Psychiatric Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}