{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T12:28:36Z","timestamp":1793968116001,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Psychiatric Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]],"date-time":"2021-01-26T16:19:57Z","timestamp":1611677997000},"page":"325-331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Aggressive outbursts among adults with major depressive disorder: Results from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiological Surveys"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"135","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3840-1136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qimin","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib1","series-title":"Selected Papers on psychoanalysis., Selected Papers on Psychoanalysis","author":"Abraham","year":"1927"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.178","article-title":"Considering context, place and culture: the national Latino and asian American study","volume":"13","author":"Alegria","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib3","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.53.100901.135231","article-title":"Human aggression","volume":"53","author":"Anderson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.07.006","article-title":"Irritable-hostile depression: further validation as a bipolar depressive mixed state","volume":"84","author":"Benazzi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-1789(01)00057-X","article-title":"Substance abuse and violence","volume":"8","author":"Boles","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aggress. Violent Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib7","series-title":"Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1192\/S0007125000291769","article-title":"Central serotonin and impulsive aggression","volume":"155","author":"Coccaro","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.06.011","article-title":"Substance use disorders: relationship with intermittent explosive disorder and with aggression, anger, and impulsivity","volume":"81","author":"Coccaro","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.10.1430","article-title":"Central serotonin activity and aggression: inverse relationship with prolactin response to d-fenfluramine, but not CSF 5-HIAA concentration, in human subjects","volume":"154","author":"Coccaro","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810070013002","article-title":"Serotonergic studies in patients with affective and personality disorders: correlates with suicidal and impulsive aggressive behavior","volume":"46","author":"Coccaro","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.05.008","article-title":"Normative irritability in youth: developmental findings from the great smoky mountains study","volume":"54","author":"Copeland","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.147.7.867","article-title":"\u00e2\u20ac\u0153Anger attacks\u00e2\u20ac: possible variants of panic and major depressive disorders","volume":"147","author":"Fava","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2009.20","article-title":"The importance of irritability as a symptom of major depressive disorder: results from the national comorbidity survey replication","volume":"15","author":"Fava","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib15","series-title":"Psychopharmacology Bulletin","article-title":"Anger attacks in depressed outpatients and their response to fluoxetine","author":"Fava","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n0112","article-title":"A multicenter, placebo-controlled study of modafinil augmentation in partial responders to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors with persistent fatigue and sleepiness","volume":"66","author":"Fava","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(00)00120-7","article-title":"Fenfluramine challenge in unipolar depression with and without anger attacks","volume":"94","author":"Fava","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000364","article-title":"The role of anger\/hostility in treatment-resistant depression: a secondary analysis from the ADAPT-A Study","volume":"203","author":"Fisher","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2190\/Y361-2W83-268H-5W7V","article-title":"Major depressive disorder with anger attacks and cardiovascular risk factors","volume":"37","author":"Fraguas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychiatr. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.08.026","article-title":"Anger attacks in major depressive disorder and serum levels of homocysteine","volume":"60","author":"Fraguas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib21","series-title":"On Murder, Mourning and Melancholia, Modern Classics","author":"Freud","year":"1917"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(96)00017-1","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of anger attacks: a two site study","volume":"39","author":"Gould","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.196","article-title":"Concordance of the composite international diagnostic interview version 3.0 (CIDI 3.0) with standardized clinical assessments in the WHO World mental health surveys","volume":"15","author":"Haro","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.179","article-title":"Sample designs and sampling methods for the collaborative psychiatric epidemiology studies (CPES)","volume":"13","author":"Heeringa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930600950778","article-title":"Cognitive, affective and social mechanisms in depression risk: cognition, hostility, and coping style","author":"Ingram","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cognit. Emot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000253820.69362.87","article-title":"Major depressive disorder with anger attacks and subcortical MRI white matter hyperintensities","volume":"195","author":"Iosifescu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-010-9473-3","article-title":"Expression of anger in depressed adolescents: the role of the family environment","volume":"39","author":"Jackson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Child Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.177","article-title":"The National Survey of American Life: a study of racial, ethnic and cultural influences on mental disorders and mental health","volume":"13","author":"Jackson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.1957","article-title":"Overt irritability\/anger in unipolar major depressive episodes: past and current characteristics and implications for long-term course","volume":"70","author":"Judd","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.167","article-title":"The US national comorbidity survey replication (NCS-R): design and field procedures","volume":"13","author":"Kessler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib31","first-page":"718","article-title":"The prevalence and correlates of DSM-IV intermittent explosive disorder in the national comorbidity survey replication","volume":"63","author":"Kessler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiaty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22428","article-title":"Anxious and aggressive: the co-occurrence of IED with anxiety disorders","volume":"33","author":"Keyes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.008","article-title":"The experience of aggressive outbursts in Intermittent Explosive Disorder","volume":"225","author":"Kulper","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.02.209","article-title":"Deconstructing irritability phenotypically and neurally","author":"Leibenluft","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib35","first-page":"105","article-title":"Anger attacks and treatment nonadherence in aa perinatal psychiatry clinic","volume":"33","author":"Mammen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pyschopharmocology Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib36","article-title":"Heritability, stability, and prevalence of tonic and phasic irritability as indicators of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder","volume":"13062","author":"Moore","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry jcpp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2010.02177.x","article-title":"Prevalence of anger attacks in depressive and anxiety disorders: implications for their construct?","volume":"65","author":"Painuly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib38","series-title":"Social and Economic Costs of Violence: Workshop Summary, Social and Economic Costs of Violence","author":"Patel","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2008.01298.x","article-title":"Irritability is associated with anxiety and greater severity, but not bipolar spectrum features, in major depressive disorder","volume":"119","author":"Perlis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00451-2","article-title":"The prevalence and clinical correlates of anger attacks during depressive episodes in bipolar disorder","volume":"79","author":"Perlis","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.18101134","article-title":"Identifying novel types of irritability using a developmental genetic approach","volume":"176","author":"Riglin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3109\/10401230009147114","article-title":"Anger attacks in depressed Turkish outpatients","volume":"12","author":"Sayar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.01.009","article-title":"Defining and measuring irritability: construct clarification and differentiation","volume":"53","author":"Toohey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib44","series-title":"The Costs of Interpersonal Violence - an International Review","first-page":"303","volume":"vol. 73","author":"Waters","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.06.051","article-title":"A serotonin-dependent mechanism explains the leptin regulation of bone mass, appetite, and energy expenditure","volume":"138","author":"Yadav","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"}],"container-title":["Journal of Psychiatric Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022395621000510?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022395621000510?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T11:20:34Z","timestamp":1758367234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022395621000510"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0022395621000510"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.31234\/osf.io\/quhcz","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0022-3956"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3956","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Aggressive outbursts among adults with major depressive disorder: Results from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiological Surveys","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Psychiatric Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.01.040","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}