{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T20:44:17Z","timestamp":1792701857148,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009770","name":"National University of Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009770","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Psychiatric Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,4]],"date-time":"2023-02-04T12:23:30Z","timestamp":1675513410000},"page":"126-136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Anti-inflammatory effects of 2nd generation antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"160","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4367-1720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saahithh Redddi","family":"Patlola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Donohoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9691-1671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Declan P.","family":"McKernan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib1","first-page":"200","article-title":"Serum TNF-alpha, IL-10 and IL-2 in schizophrenic patients before and after treatment with risperidone and clozapine","volume":"11","author":"Ajami","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iranian J. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(98)00140-6","article-title":"Serum levels of soluble IL-2 receptor alpha, IL-6 and IL-1 receptor antagonist in schizophrenia before and during neuroleptic administration","volume":"37","author":"Akiyama","year":"1999","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib3","first-page":"262","article-title":"Alteration of serum levels of cytokines in schizophrenic patients before and after treatment with risperidone","volume":"18","author":"Azizi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iran. J. Allergy, Asthma Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-0962-y","article-title":"Using blood cytokine measures to define high inflammatory biotype of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder","volume":"14","author":"Boerrigter","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.03.027","article-title":"Antipsychotics can modulate the cytokine profile in schizophrenia: attenuation of the type-2 inflammatory response","volume":"147","author":"Borovcanin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.03.003","article-title":"Acute variations of cytokine levels after antipsychotic treatment in drug-na\u00efve subjects with a first-episode psychosis: a meta-analysis","volume":"77","author":"Capuzzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379604100504","article-title":"Use of cytokines in clozapine-induced agranulocytosis","volume":"41","author":"Chin-Yee","year":"1996","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib8","series-title":"Antipsychotic Medications","author":"Chokhawala","year":"2021"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.05.035","article-title":"Genome-wide association study implicates HLA-C* 01: 02 as a risk factor at the major histocompatibility complex locus in schizophrenia","volume":"72","author":"Consortium","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib10","author":"Corena-McLeod"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719001016","article-title":"Cytokine profile in first-episode psychosis, unaffected siblings and community-based controls: the effects of familial liability and childhood maltreatment","volume":"50","author":"Corsi-Zuelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib12","series-title":"Antipsychotics","author":"Dalpoas","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2014.01.001","article-title":"Activation of Th17 cells in drug na\u00efve, first episode schizophrenia","volume":"51","author":"Ding","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.109.066647","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in schizophrenia-related psychosis: a PET study","volume":"50","author":"Doorduin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib15","article-title":"Chlorpromazine dose for people with schizophrenia","volume":"4","author":"Dudley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2015.158","article-title":"Mechanisms and mediators of lung injury after acute kidney injury","volume":"12","author":"Faubel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib17","article-title":"A biologist's guide to statistical thinking and analysis","volume":"6","author":"Fay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Worm: the online review of C. elegans biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib18","author":"Fedorov"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-019-0195-8","article-title":"Neutrophils express pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in granulomas from Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected cynomolgus macaques","volume":"12","author":"Gideon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.3","article-title":"A meta-analysis of blood cytokine network alterations in psychiatric patients: comparisons between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression","volume":"21","author":"Goldsmith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1159\/000338166","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines in heart failure: mediators and markers","volume":"122","author":"Gullestad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2015.08.027","article-title":"Antipsychotic treatment reduces psychotic symptoms and markers of low-grade inflammation in first episode psychosis patients, but increases their body mass index","volume":"169","author":"Haring","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib23","series-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.2","author":"Higgins","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0332-6","article-title":"Systemic inflammation and microglial activation: systematic review of animal experiments","volume":"12","author":"Hoogland","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib25","author":"Humbert-Claude"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12508","article-title":"Role of cytokine changes in clozapine-induced fever: a cohort prospective study","volume":"71","author":"Hung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Clin. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib27","first-page":"905","article-title":"PANSS, mental condition and inflammatory state of risperidone on schizophrenia","volume":"35","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Med. Mediterr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.06.039","article-title":"Comparison of the anti-inflammatory effect of aripiprazole and risperidone in 75 drug-na\u00efve first episode psychosis individuals: a 3 months randomized study","volume":"202","author":"Juncal-Ruiz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib29","article-title":"Schizophrenia","volume":"1","author":"Kahn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib30","first-page":"69","article-title":"Protective effects of quetiapine on metabolic and inflammatory abnormalities in schizophrenic patients during exacerbated stage","volume":"59","author":"Kao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin. J. Physiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(95)00362-2","article-title":"Haloperidol does not affect the level of serum-soluble interleukin-2 receptor in drug-free male schizophrenics","volume":"38","author":"Kim","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3109\/00207450108986549","article-title":"Effect of risperidone on serum cytokines","volume":"111","author":"Kim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2004.05.047","article-title":"Th1, Th2 and Th3 cytokine alteration in schizophrenia","volume":"28","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1159\/000213565","article-title":"Cytokine changes and tryptophan metabolites in medication-na\u00efve and medication-free schizophrenic patients","volume":"59","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2008.08.016","article-title":"Effects of clozapine and olanzapine on cytokine systems are closely linked to weight gain and drug-induced fever","volume":"34","author":"Kluge","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1197-2","article-title":"Cytokine alterations in first-episode schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: relationships to brain structure and symptoms","volume":"15","author":"Lesh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03569-5","article-title":"Relationship between TNF-\u03b1 levels and psychiatric symptoms in first-episode drug-na\u00efve patients with schizophrenia before and after risperidone treatment and in chronic patients","volume":"21","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib38","first-page":"375","article-title":"Increased interleukin-6 level in Taiwanese schizophrenic patients","volume":"34","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chang Gung Med. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1067\/msy.2000.101584","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines and cell response in surgery","volume":"127","author":"Lin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2019.01.003","article-title":"Changes in serum TNF-alpha, IL-18, and IL-6 concentrations in patients with chronic schizophrenia at admission and at discharge","volume":"90","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145711001775","article-title":"Risperidone normalizes increased inflammatory parameters and restores anti-inflammatory pathways in a model of neuroinflammation","volume":"16","author":"MacDowell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(94)00049-W","article-title":"Interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 in schizophrenia and mania: effects of neuroleptics and mood stabilizers","volume":"29","author":"Maes","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(97)00057-1","article-title":"In vivo immunomodulatory effects of clozapine in schizophrenia","volume":"26","author":"Maes","year":"1997","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2488","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10112488","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the influence of antipsychotics on cytokines levels in first episode psychosis","volume":"10","author":"Marcinowicz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2520","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280219889080","article-title":"Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from commonly reported quantiles in meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"McGrath","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stat. Methods Med. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.04.013","article-title":"Meta-analysis of cytokine alterations in schizophrenia: clinical status and antipsychotic effects","volume":"70","author":"Miller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.211","article-title":"Towards an immunophenotype of schizophrenia: progress, potential mechanisms, and future directions","volume":"42","author":"Miller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"892","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib49","article-title":"Cytokine alterations in schizophrenia: an updated review","volume":"10","author":"Momtazmanesh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(97)00036-X","article-title":"Plasma levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in chronic schizophrenia: effects of clozapine treatment","volume":"71","author":"Monteleone","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02922260","article-title":"Neuroleptic treatment increases soluble IL-2 receptors and decreases soluble IL-6 receptors in schizophrenia","volume":"247","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatr. Clin. Neurosci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1021\/tx500183x","article-title":"Effect of clozapine and olanzapine on neutrophil kinetics: implications for drug-induced agranulocytosis","volume":"27","author":"Ng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.162.2.161","article-title":"Stressful life events and schizophrenia: I: a review of the research","volume":"162","author":"Norman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-021-01237-z","article-title":"Increased peripheral inflammation in schizophrenia is associated with worse cognitive performance and related cortical thickness reductions","volume":"271","author":"North","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatr. Clin. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyu042","article-title":"Effects of risperidone on cytokine profile in drug-na\u00efve first-episode psychosis","volume":"18","author":"Noto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2005.10.004","article-title":"Antipsychotic treatment may alter T-helper (TH) 2 arm cytokines","volume":"6","author":"Pae","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2021.105906","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"88","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.07.002","article-title":"Changes in the cytokine profile in first-episode, drug-na\u00efve patients with psychosis after short-term antipsychotic treatment","volume":"256","author":"Petrikis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(00)00032-7","article-title":"Effects of antipsychotic drugs on cytokine networks","volume":"34","author":"Pollm\u00e4cher","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950220087016","article-title":"Clozapine-induced increase in plasma levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptors","volume":"52","author":"Pollm\u00e4cher","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.09.024","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokine alterations in schizophrenia: a systematic quantitative review","volume":"63","author":"Potvin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.12.013","article-title":"The neural diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia revisited: an update on recent findings considering illness stage and neurobiological and methodological complexities","volume":"73","author":"Pruessner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyy062","article-title":"Kinetics of cytokine levels during antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Romeo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121971","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines in general and central obesity and modulating effects of physical activity","volume":"10","author":"Schmidt","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7256","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08192","article-title":"Common variants on chromosome 6p22.1 are associated with schizophrenia","volume":"460","author":"Shi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-9877(91)90215-K","article-title":"Is schizophrenia caused by excessive production of interleukin-2 and interleukin-2 receptors by gastrointestinal lymphocytes?","volume":"34","author":"Smith","year":"1991","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-9877(92)90117-U","article-title":"A comprehensive macrophage-T-lymphocyte theory of schizophrenia","volume":"39","author":"Smith","year":"1992","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.09.007","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of aripiprazole in chronic schizophrenia is accompanied by anti-inflammatory activity","volume":"67","author":"Sobi\u015b","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-013-3382-4","article-title":"Changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines and body weight during 6-month risperidone treatment in drug na\u00efve, first-episode schizophrenia","volume":"231","author":"Song","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.10.018","article-title":"The interaction of nuclear factor-kappa B and cytokines is associated with schizophrenia","volume":"65","author":"Song","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(93)90196-K","article-title":"Effects of clozapine on hematopoiesis and the cytokine system","volume":"34","author":"Sperner-Unterweger","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"7256","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08186","article-title":"Common variants conferring risk of schizophrenia","volume":"460","author":"Stefansson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12938","article-title":"Impact of antipsychotic medication on IL-6\/STAT3 signaling axis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of drug-naive schizophrenia patients","volume":"74","author":"Subbanna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Clin. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-017-9714-0","article-title":"Correlations of kynurenic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine, sIL-2R, IFN-alpha, and IL-4 with clinical symptoms during acute relapse of schizophrenia","volume":"32","author":"Szymona","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01873","article-title":"The role of histamine and histamine receptors in mast cell-mediated allergy and inflammation: the hunt for new therapeutic targets","volume":"9","author":"Thangam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib76","series-title":"EndNote, EndNote","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(00)00007-4","article-title":"Cytokine serum levels, autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction and surface marker analysis in never medicated and chronically medicated schizophrenic patients","volume":"47","author":"Theodoropoulou","year":"2001","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.10.011","article-title":"Antipsychotics' effects on blood levels of cytokines in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis","volume":"151","author":"Tourjman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib80","first-page":"49","article-title":"Cytokines, oxidative stress and cellular markers of inflammation in schizophrenia","author":"Upthegrove","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroinflammation and Schizophrenia"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.03.005","article-title":"Cytokine function in medication-naive first episode psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"155","author":"Upthegrove","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.04.025","article-title":"Microglia activation in recent-onset schizophrenia: a quantitative (R)-[11C]PK11195 positron emission tomography study","volume":"64","author":"van Berckel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib83","series-title":"Deploying an Interactive Machine Learning System in an Evidence-Based Practice Center: Abstrackr","first-page":"819","author":"Wallace","year":"2012"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.12020226","article-title":"The role of the major histocompatibility complex region in cognition and brain structure: a schizophrenia GWAS follow-up","volume":"170","author":"Walters","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2018.10.002","article-title":"Pro-inflammatory cytokines: the link between obesity and osteoarthritis","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2018.04.004","article-title":"Minocycline adjunctive treatment to risperidone for negative symptoms in schizophrenia: association with pro-inflammatory cytokine levels","volume":"85","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.08.005","article-title":"The effect of minocycline on amelioration of cognitive deficits and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"212","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-008-1447-6","article-title":"Superoxide dismutase and cytokines in chronic patients with schizophrenia: association with psychopathology and response to antipsychotics","volume":"204","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Psychiatric Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022395623000493?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022395623000493?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T11:34:52Z","timestamp":1758368092000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022395623000493"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":86,"alternative-id":["S0022395623000493"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3956"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3956","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Anti-inflammatory effects of 2nd generation antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Psychiatric Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.042","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}