{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T19:01:39Z","timestamp":1786993299660,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Psychiatric Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T11:51:06Z","timestamp":1716551466000},"page":"170-175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Age at diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea and subsequent risk of dementia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"184","author":[{"given":"Chaofan","family":"Gang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.90a.23032","article-title":"Treatments for obstructive sleep apnea: CPAP and beyond","volume":"90","author":"Aboussouan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cleve. Clin. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2023.101854","article-title":"The economic cost of obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review","volume":"72","author":"Alakorkko","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep Med. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.03.001","article-title":"2016 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures","volume":"12","author":"Alzheimer's","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2023.05.010","article-title":"Older age is associated with positional obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"31","author":"Ann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.1.9706079","article-title":"Effects of age on sleep apnea in men: I. Prevalence and severity","volume":"157","author":"Bixler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.15.2289","article-title":"Association of hypertension and sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"160","author":"Bixler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib7","article-title":"Self-reported obstructive sleep apnea, amyloid and tau burden, and Alzheimer's disease time-dependent progression","author":"Bubu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib8","article-title":"Sleep apnea and the risk of dementia: a population-based 5-year follow-up study in Taiwan","volume":"8","author":"Chang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-021-00456-1","article-title":"Brain mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review of symptom-general and -specific lesion patterns","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e105","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00249-8","article-title":"Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"7","author":"Collaborators","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57060555","article-title":"Subclinical changes in cardiac functional parameters as determined by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in sleep apnea and snoring: findings from UK biobank","volume":"57","author":"Curta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.02.011","article-title":"Muscle and visceral fat infiltration: a potential mechanism to explain the worsening of obstructive sleep apnea with age","volume":"104","author":"D'Angelo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-180640","article-title":"Risk of Alzheimer's disease in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: amyloid-beta and tau imaging","volume":"66","author":"Elias","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-023-00958-4","article-title":"Intricate relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and dementia in older adults","author":"Ercolano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx246","article-title":"Comparison of sociodemographic and health-related characteristics of UK biobank participants with those of the general population","volume":"186","author":"Fry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.012","article-title":"Role of sleep apnea and long-term CPAP treatment in the prognosis of patients with melanoma: a prospective multicenter study of 443 patients","volume":"164","author":"Gomez-Olivas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(16)00006-0","article-title":"Prevalence of sleep apnoea syndrome in the middle to old age general population","volume":"4","author":"Heinzer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00043-0","article-title":"Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in the general population: the HypnoLaus study","volume":"3","author":"Heinzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.951147","article-title":"Sleep apnea and autonomic dysfunction in patients with dementia","volume":"16","author":"Herberts","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5281","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2023.3304299","article-title":"Semi-supervised learning for low-cost personalized obstructive sleep apnea detection using unsupervised deep learning and single-lead electrocardiogram","volume":"27","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE J Biomed Health Inform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30290-X","article-title":"Dementia in China: epidemiology, clinical management, and research advances","volume":"19","author":"Jia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.01.086","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing and Alzheimer's disease: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"273","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.2180","article-title":"Association of sleep-disordered breathing with cognitive function and risk of cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"74","author":"Leng","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib24","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with early but possibly modifiable Alzheimer's disease biomarkers changes","volume":"40","author":"Liguori","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.46085","article-title":"Objective sleep duration and all-cause mortality among people with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"6","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30367-6","article-title":"Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission","volume":"396","author":"Livingston","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.9879","article-title":"Association of lifestyle and genetic risk with incidence of dementia","volume":"322","author":"Lourida","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2017.06.2269","article-title":"Sleep characteristics and risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study","volume":"14","author":"Lutsey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.02.009","article-title":"Lung function and risk of incident dementia: a prospective cohort study of 431,834 individuals","volume":"109","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.14.1829","article-title":"Association of sleep-disordered breathing, sleep apnea, and hypertension in a large community-based study. Sleep Heart Health Study","volume":"283","author":"Nieto","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-022-02775-z","article-title":"Correlation between cognitive impairment and serum markers in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep Breath."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib32","first-page":"2905","article-title":"Time to test antibacterial therapy in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"142","author":"Panza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.12.004","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnoea and Alzheimer's disease: in search of shared pathomechanisms","volume":"86","author":"Polsek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2023.101838","article-title":"Longitudinal risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review","volume":"71","author":"Qian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep Med. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3965","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13088","article-title":"Associations of blood cell indices and anemia with risk of incident dementia: a prospective cohort study of 313,448 participants","volume":"19","author":"Qiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00090-9","article-title":"Sleep apnoea and the brain: a complex relationship","volume":"3","author":"Rosenzweig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.09.021","article-title":"History of obstructive sleep apnea associated with incident cognitive impairment in white but not black individuals in a US national cohort study","volume":"112","author":"Sawyer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17608","article-title":"The association of age at diagnosis of hypertension with brain structure and incident dementia in the UK biobank","volume":"78","author":"Shang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib39","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea among patients with psoriasis: a case-control study in the All of Us Research Program","author":"Shaw","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2016.03.006","article-title":"Moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea is associated with cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"30","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779","article-title":"UK biobank: an open access resource for identifying the causes of a wide range of complex diseases of middle and old age","volume":"12","author":"Sudlow","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.11.1133","article-title":"Age-related differences in the association of mild-to-moderate sleep apnea with incident cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases","volume":"113","author":"Vgontzas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-019-00499-1","article-title":"Identifying dementia outcomes in UK Biobank: a validation study of primary care, hospital admissions and mortality data","volume":"34","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013983","article-title":"Association of obstructive sleep apnoea with the risk of vascular outcomes and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Xie","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-221288","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease biomarkers and complement proteins mediate the impact of sleep fragmentation on cognitive impairment in obstructive sleep apnea patients without dementia","volume":"95","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"}],"container-title":["Journal of Psychiatric Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002239562400308X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002239562400308X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T11:15:53Z","timestamp":1751368553000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S002239562400308X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S002239562400308X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3956"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3956","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Age at diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea and subsequent risk of dementia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Psychiatric Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.040","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}