{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T16:07:35Z","timestamp":1778947655440,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010435","name":"Universidade Federal Fluminense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010435","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E\\u221226\/210.005\/2025-SEI-260003\/002786\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E\\u221226\/210.005\/2025-SEI-260003\/002786\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E\\u221226\/210.293\/2024-SEI-260003\/005720\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E\\u221226\/210.293\/2024-SEI-260003\/005720\/2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["310147\/2023\\u20139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310147\/2023\\u20139"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Psychiatric Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T06:46:48Z","timestamp":1753944408000},"page":"513-520","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Shorter telomere length in obsessive-compulsive disorder: another evidence of neuroprogression?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"189","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5992-2905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiana Barzotto","family":"Kohlrausch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6737-3203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glenda da Silva Rodrigues","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00edcero Brasileiro","family":"de Mello Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9075-8226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo F.","family":"Fontenelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2020.101115","article-title":"Telomere transcription in ageing","volume":"62","author":"Aguado","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-64402007000200012","article-title":"A simple and cost-effective protocol for DNA isolation from buccal epithelial cells","volume":"18","author":"Aidar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Braz. Dent. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12362","article-title":"Evaluation of oxidative metabolism and oxidative DNA damage in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"70","author":"Alici","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/853175","article-title":"Oxidative stress and inflammation: essential partners in alcoholic liver disease","author":"Ambade","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib5","article-title":"DSM-V-TR - Manual Diagn\u00f3stico e Estat\u00edstico de Transtornos Mentais","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-44462000000300003","article-title":"Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI): validation of a short structured diagnostic psychiatric interview","volume":"22","author":"Amorim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brazilian J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-6374(01)00426-2","article-title":"Ageing of the brain","volume":"123","author":"Anderton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45008","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.16726","article-title":"Physical activity and telomere length: impact of aging and potential mechanisms of action","volume":"8","author":"Arsenis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2009.01981.x","article-title":"Smaller pituitary volume in adult patients with obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"63","author":"Atmaca","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2968","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01541-7","article-title":"Leukocyte telomere length in patients with schizophrenia and related disorders: a meta-analysis of case-control studies","volume":"27","author":"Ayora","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib11","first-page":"1","article-title":"The role of antioxidants in the management of obsessive-compulsive disorder","author":"Baratzadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2018.03.013","article-title":"The impact of oxidative DNA damage and stress on telomere homeostasis","volume":"177","author":"Barnes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1159\/000306591","article-title":"Relationship of possible stress-related biochemical markers to oxidative\/antioxidative status in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"61","author":"Behl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-023-01314-3","article-title":"Targeting inflammatory signaling in obsessive compulsive disorder: a promising approach","volume":"39","author":"Bhatt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aab3389","article-title":"Human telomere biology: a contributory and interactive factor in aging, disease risks, and protection","volume":"350","author":"Blackburn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02433-2","article-title":"The genetic epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Blanco-Vieira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20375","article-title":"A network theory of mental disorders","volume":"16","author":"Borsboom","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674221085923","article-title":"Lifestyle risk factors for obsessive-compulsive symptoms and related phenomena: what should lifestyle interventions target?","volume":"57","author":"Brierley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000988","article-title":"Lifestyle interventions in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders: a systematic review","volume":"83","author":"Brierley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-03807-4","article-title":"A prospective clinical cohort-based study of the prevalence of OCD, obsessive compulsive and related disorders, and tics in families of patients with OCD","volume":"22","author":"Carmi","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn1027","article-title":"Telomere length measurement by a novel monochrome multiplex quantitative PCR method","volume":"37","author":"Cawthon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300733","article-title":"Glutamatergic dysfunction in OCD","volume":"30","author":"Chakrabarty","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2009.01.001","article-title":"Correlation between lipid peroxidation-induced TBARS level and disease severity in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"33","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2023.12.008","article-title":"To study childhood trauma in patients with bipolar affective disorder and its association with leucocyte telomere length","volume":"80","author":"Chauhan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. J. Armed Forces India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.01.013","article-title":"Serum metabolites and inflammation predict brain functional connectivity changes in Obsessive-Compulsive disorder","volume":"126","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.25317","article-title":"Inflammation in obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder: a literature review and hypothesis-based potential of transcranial photobiomodulation","volume":"102","author":"Coelho","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2016.02.001","article-title":"Adult obsessive-compulsive disorder and quality of life outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Coluccia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2018.06.005","article-title":"Oral N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a systematic review of the clinical evidence","volume":"86","author":"Couto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2840","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddy199","article-title":"DNA methylation and inflammation marker profiles associated with a history of depression","volume":"27","author":"Crawford","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000356","article-title":"The association between psychiatric disorders and telomere length: a meta-analysis involving 14,827 persons","volume":"78","author":"Darrow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2019.01.009","article-title":"Glutamate transporter gene polymorphisms and obsessive-compulsive disorder: a case-control association study","volume":"62","author":"de Salles Andrade","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-44462006005000065","article-title":"Obsessive-compulsive inventory and obsessive-compulsive inventory-revised scales: translation into Brazilian Portuguese and cross-cultural adaptation","volume":"30","author":"De Souza","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2024.111908","article-title":"A coordinate-based meta-analysis of grey matter volume differences between adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and healthy controls","volume":"345","author":"Del Casale","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib34","first-page":"1","article-title":"Investigation of the effects of oxidative stress, inflammation on the pathway of tryptophan\/kynurenine in OCD","volume":"28","author":"Delen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/genes10040318","article-title":"The response to dna damage at telomeric repeats and its consequences for telomere function","volume":"10","author":"Doksani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17312","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0407162101","article-title":"Accelerated telomere shortening in response to life stress","volume":"101","author":"Epel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2006.03.034","article-title":"Examination of free radical metabolism and antioxidant defence system elements in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"30","author":"Ersan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2021.20","article-title":"Decreased leucocyte telomere length in male patients with chronic bipolar disorder: lack of effect of long-term lithium treatment","volume":"33","author":"Ferensztajn-Rochowiak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2019.02.002","article-title":"Early intervention for obsessive compulsive disorder: an expert consensus statement","volume":"29","author":"Fineberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170765","article-title":"Relative telomere repeat mass in buccal and leukocyte-derived DNA","volume":"12","author":"Finnicum","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2019.01.014","article-title":"A clinical staging model for obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder: is it ready for prime time?","volume":"7","author":"Fontenelle","year":"2019","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.01.035","article-title":"Accelerated aging in bipolar disorder: a comprehensive review of molecular findings and their clinical implications","volume":"112","author":"Fries","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib43","first-page":"1327","article-title":"Age-related total gray matter and white matter changes in normal adult brain. Part I: Volumetric MR imaging analysis","volume":"23","author":"Ge","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2017.12.004","article-title":"Association analysis of SLC6A4 and HTR2A genes with obsessive-compulsive disorder: influence of the STin2 polymorphism","volume":"82","author":"Gomes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1952402","article-title":"Association of physical activity and nutrition with telomere length, a marker of cellular aging: a comprehensive review","volume":"63","author":"G\u00fcne\u015fliol","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2014.tb00585.x","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and aging","volume":"4","author":"Gupta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.04.004","article-title":"Accelerating research on biological aging and mental health: current challenges and future directions","volume":"106","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib48","first-page":"559","article-title":"Significant shortening of leukocyte telomere length in Korean patients with bipolar disorder 1. Clin. Psychopharmacol","volume":"19","author":"Joo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2013.08.010","article-title":"Oxidative imbalance in child and adolescent patients with obsessive compulsive disorder","volume":"47","author":"Kandemir","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E451","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.200238","article-title":"Alterations of cellular aging markers in obsessive- compulsive disorder: mitochondrial DNA copy number and telomere length","volume":"46","author":"Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Psychiatry Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1249\/JES.0000000000000324","article-title":"Exercise as a therapy to maintain telomere function and prevent cellular senescence","volume":"51","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib52","first-page":"429","article-title":"Telomere shortening and fusions: a link to aneuploidy in early human embryo development","volume":"76","author":"Kohlrausch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1159\/000063573","article-title":"Antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde levels in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"46","author":"Kuloglu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.9758\/cpn.2022.20.2.240","article-title":"The evaluation of thiol\/disulfide homeostasis and oxidative DNA damage in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder","volume":"20","author":"Kurhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Psychopharmacol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.5152\/pcp.2022.21318","article-title":"A cross-sectional measurement of endogenous oxidative stress marker levels in obsessive compulsive disorder","volume":"32","author":"Kurhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-016-4266-1","article-title":"Is it time for immunopsychiatry in psychotic disorders?","volume":"233","author":"Leboyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.7.911","article-title":"Symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"154","author":"Leckman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwy124","article-title":"Diet quality indices and leukocyte telomere length among healthy US adults: data from the national health and nutrition examination survey, 1999-2002","volume":"187","author":"Leung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101507","article-title":"Stress and telomere shortening: insights from cellular mechanisms","volume":"73","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.01.015","article-title":"Shortened telomere length in patients with depression: a meta-analytic study","volume":"76","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.05.007","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders and leukocyte telomere length: underlying mechanisms linking mental illness with cellular aging","volume":"55","author":"Lindqvist","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.15129","article-title":"Leukocyte telomere length and bipolar disorder risk: evidence from Mendelian randomization analysis","volume":"11","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.06.028","article-title":"Pituitary volume in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"59","author":"MacMaster","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13026","article-title":"Oxidative and nitrosative stress markers in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"139","author":"Maia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib65","first-page":"7","article-title":"Silent infections are not so silent: the emerging role of combined infections, inflammation, and vitamin levels in OCD","volume":"21","author":"Marazziti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropsychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-7376-5_13","article-title":"Obsessive-compulsive disorder, PANDAS, and Tourette syndrome: immuno-Inflammatory disorders","volume":"1411","author":"Marazziti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2024.0299","article-title":"Heritability of clinically diagnosed obsessive-compulsive disorder among twins","volume":"81","author":"Mataix-Cols","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-015-0697-0","article-title":"Catechol-O-Methyltransferase gene polymorphisms in specific obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder patients' subgroups","volume":"58","author":"Melo-Felippe","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.01.002","article-title":"Advancing precision psychiatry and targeted treatments: insights from immunopsychiatry","volume":"125","author":"Miller","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.011","article-title":"Telomere biology and its maintenance in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: exploring links to cognition","volume":"272","author":"Mlakar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/9979582","article-title":"The oxidative status and Na+\/K+-ATPase activity in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a case control study","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2016.1273550","article-title":"Telomere length in psychiatric disorders: is it more than an ageing marker?","volume":"19","author":"Monroy-Jaramillo","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.08.008","article-title":"Telomere length associations with clinical diagnosis, age, and polygenic risk scores for anxiety disorder, depression, and bipolar disorder","volume":"3","author":"Mutz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatr. Glob. Open Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2018.04.005","article-title":"Multi-tissue DNA methylation age: molecular relationships and perspectives for advancing biomarker utility","volume":"45","author":"Nwanaji-Enwerem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2848","article-title":"Telomeres: protecting chromosomes against genome instability","volume":"11","author":"O'Sullivan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.10.004","article-title":"Serum selenium and plasma malondialdehyde levels and antioxidant enzyme activities in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"33","author":"Ozdemir","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1399","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00386.2005","article-title":"Glutamate induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in cerebral vascular endothelial cells: contributions of HO-1 and HO-2 to cytoprotection","volume":"290","author":"Parfenova","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2005.036665","article-title":"Ageing and the brain","volume":"82","author":"Peters","year":"2006","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.21612","article-title":"Leukocyte telomere length is reduced in patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"81","author":"Pisanu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10061423","article-title":"Telomere shortening and psychiatric disorders: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Pousa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib81","first-page":"205","article-title":"Glutamate genetics in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a review","volume":"26","author":"Rajendram","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Can. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib82","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis highlights a link between aerobic fitness and telomere maintenance","volume":"15","author":"Ryall","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib83","first-page":"563","article-title":"Functional neuroimaging and the neuroanatomy of obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"23","author":"Saxena","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22351","article-title":"The association between depression and leukocyte telomere length: a meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Schutte","year":"2015","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2007.10.002","article-title":"Oxidative imbalance in obsessive compulsive disorder patients: a total evaluation of oxidant-antioxidant status","volume":"32","author":"Selek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib86","first-page":"242","article-title":"Does exercise affect telomere length? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"58","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-01891-4","article-title":"Telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number in bipolar disorder: identification of a subgroup of young individuals with accelerated cellular aging","volume":"12","author":"Spano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-024-02824-z","article-title":"Decreased telomere length in a subgroup of young individuals with bipolar disorders: replication in the FACE-BD cohort and association with the shelterin component POT1","volume":"14","author":"Spano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6866","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-33922-5","article-title":"Dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis and its influence on aging: the role of the hypothalamus","volume":"13","author":"Spindler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-00844-z","article-title":"Telomere attrition and inflammatory load in severe psychiatric disorders and in response to psychotropic medications","volume":"45","author":"Squassina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8010052","article-title":"Mood disorders, accelerated aging, and inflammation: is the link hidden in telomeres?","volume":"8","author":"Squassina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20382","article-title":"Florida obsessive-compulsive inventory: development, reliability, and validity","volume":"63","author":"Storch","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2714","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-024-02489-6","article-title":"Genome-wide association study of obsessive-compulsive symptoms including 33,943 individuals from the general population","volume":"29","author":"Strom","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2024.148852","article-title":"The relationship between oxidative stress markers and 1H-Magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings in obsessive compulsive disorder","volume":"1833","author":"Suba\u015f\u0131 Turgut","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.2174\/1875397300802010062","article-title":"Glutamatergic synaptic dysfunction and obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"2","author":"Ting","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Chem. Genom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-1009.1000219","article-title":"Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of OCD","volume":"4","author":"Tk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem. Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2020.630186","article-title":"Telomere length as a marker of biological age: state-of-the-art, open issues, and future perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Vaiserman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib98","first-page":"111","article-title":"Common mental disorders and association with telomere length","volume":"8","author":"Vakonaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.11.029","article-title":"Unraveling the association between depression and telomere length using genomics","volume":"102","author":"Verhoeven","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.08.084","article-title":"Shortening of telomere length may be associated with inflammatory cytokine levels in patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"365","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20546","article-title":"Accelerated biological aging in serious mental disorders","volume":"17","author":"Wolkowitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017837","article-title":"Leukocyte telomere length in major depression: correlations with chronicity, inflammation and oxidative stress - preliminary findings","volume":"6","author":"Wolkowitz","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1007\/s10517-022-05612-1","article-title":"Comparison of telomere length between buccal cells and blood cells","volume":"173","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bull. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.021","article-title":"Analysis of telomere length and the relationship with neurocognitive functions in euthymic bipolar disorder: a cross-sectional pilot study","volume":"347","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib105","article-title":"Causal association between dietary factors and telomere length revealed by mendelian randomization","volume":"15","author":"Yue","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2015.11.006","article-title":"Ageing and the telomere connection: an intimate relationship with inflammation","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.03.008","article-title":"Decreased thalamic glutamate level in unmedicated adult obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder patients detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"178","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."}],"container-title":["Journal of Psychiatric Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022395625004650?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022395625004650?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T15:16:10Z","timestamp":1778944570000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022395625004650"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":107,"alternative-id":["S0022395625004650"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3956"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3956","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Shorter telomere length in obsessive-compulsive disorder: another evidence of neuroprogression?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Psychiatric Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.024","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}