{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:07:49Z","timestamp":1791378469008,"version":"4.3.2"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Psychiatric Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T08:41:55Z","timestamp":1772095315000},"page":"196-209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The association between major depressive disorder and cannabis use disorder: A meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"197","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Pini Alemar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1336-093X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Olivia","family":"Pozzolo Pedro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kae","family":"Leopoldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Vitor Guimar\u00e3es","family":"Mandaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gislaine Koch","family":"Gimenes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Israel Kanaan","family":"Blaas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Torales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Ventriglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9621-2291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Mauricio","family":"Castaldelli-Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(99)90076-7","article-title":"Order of onset of substance abuse and depression in a sample of depressed outpatients","volume":"40","author":"Abraham","year":"1999","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1081\/ADA-120015873","article-title":"Rates of psychiatric comorbidity among U.S. residents with lifetime cannabis dependence","volume":"28","author":"Agosti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01630.x","article-title":"A latent class analysis of illicit drug abuse\/dependence: results from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions","volume":"102","author":"Agrawal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(94)90025-6","article-title":"Childhood psychopathology retrospectively assessed among adults with early-onset major depression","volume":"31","author":"Alpert","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib4","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib89","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2022"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291706009688","article-title":"Testing the self-medication hypothesis of depression and aggression in cannabis-dependent subjects","volume":"37","author":"Arendt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1515\/IJAMH.2007.19.1.67","article-title":"Parental alcoholism predicts suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adults with cannabis dependence","volume":"19","author":"Arendt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Adolesc. Med. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108087","article-title":"Temporal dynamics of the relationship between change in depressive symptoms and cannabis use in adolescents receiving psychosocial treatment for cannabis use disorder","volume":"117","author":"Arias","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abuse Treat."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib8","first-page":"122","article-title":"Abuse or dependence on cannabis and other psychiatric disorders: madrid study on dual pathology prevalence","volume":"41","author":"Arias","year":"2013","journal-title":"Actas Esp. Psiquiatr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.09.014","article-title":"Cannabis use and mental health-related quality of life among individuals with depressive disorders","volume":"230","author":"Aspis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.2370","article-title":"Prevalence of cannabis withdrawal symptoms among people with regular or dependent use of cannabinoids: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Bahji","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2009.02.002","article-title":"The long and the short of treatments for alcohol or cannabis misuse among people with severe mental disorders","volume":"34","author":"Baker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib12","article-title":"Time trend for substance use disorder and psychiatric disorders among patients seeking treatment from a dual diagnosis clinic of a tertiary care substance use disorder treatment centre in India","volume":"17","author":"Balhara","year":"2016","journal-title":"ASEAN J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2013-203104","article-title":"Meta-analysis of prevalence","volume":"67","author":"Barendregt","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780140406","article-title":"A random-effects regression model for meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Berkey","year":"1995","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.12.2033","article-title":"Cannabis abuse as a risk factor for depressive symptoms","volume":"158","author":"Bovasso","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108254","article-title":"Cannabis use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder: the prevalence of comorbidity in veterans of recent conflicts","volume":"122","author":"Bryan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abuse Treat."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12183","article-title":"Factors associated with the timing and onset of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder: results from the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-being","volume":"33","author":"Butterworth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-002-0541-z","article-title":"Marijuana use and the risk of major depressive episode: epidemiological evidence from the United States national comorbidity survey","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatr. Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph181910357","article-title":"Exploring the impact of marijuana (cannabis) abuse on adults using machine learning","volume":"18","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e44","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291724003143","article-title":"The association between cannabis and depression: an updated systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Churchill","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2011.00148.x","article-title":"A comparison of independent depression and substance\u2010induced depression in cannabis\u2010, cocaine\u2010, and opioid\u2010dependent treatment seekers","volume":"20","author":"Dakwar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Addict."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2003.00437.x","article-title":"Exploring the association between cannabis use and depression","volume":"98","author":"Degenhardt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(14)00117-5","article-title":"Proportion of patients in south London with first-episode psychosis attributable to use of high potency cannabis: a case-control study","volume":"2","author":"Di Forti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbt181","article-title":"Daily use, especially of high-potency cannabis, drives the earlier onset of psychosis in cannabis users","volume":"40","author":"Di Forti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1300\/J029v15n04_02","article-title":"Psychiatric syndromes in adolescents with marijuana abuse and dependency in outpatient treatment","volume":"15","author":"Diamond","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Child Adolesc. Subst. Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib24","first-page":"274","volume":"17","author":"Dorard","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.11.003","article-title":"Cannabis use disorder among veterans: comorbidity and mental health treatment utilization","volume":"109","author":"Ecker","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abuse Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lana.2023.100587","article-title":"Prevalence of depressive disorder in the adult population of Latin America: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Errazuriz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Regional Health. Americas"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1177\/0743558400154003","article-title":"Frequency, comorbidity, and psychosocial impairment of depressive disorders in adolescents","volume":"15","author":"Essau","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-57369-0_5","article-title":"Cannabis and depression","volume":"1264","author":"Feingold","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.02.027","article-title":"Cannabis use and the course and outcome of major depressive disorder: a population-based longitudinal study","volume":"251","author":"Feingold","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.7334\/psicothema2020.297","article-title":"Sex differences in comorbidity between substance use and mental health in adolescents: two sides of the same coin","volume":"33","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez Artamendi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.09.016","article-title":"Construct validity of DSM-5 cannabis use disorder diagnosis and severity levels in adults with problematic substance use","volume":"155","author":"Fink","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2012.00281.x","article-title":"Depression symptoms associated with cannabis dependence in an adolescent American Indian community sample","volume":"21","author":"Gilder","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Addict."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib33","series-title":"Substance Abuse in Canada: the Effects of Cannabis Use During Adolescence","first-page":"32","article-title":"Is there a link between cannabis and mental illness?","author":"Goodman","year":"2015"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/0899-3289(95)90017-9","article-title":"Comorbidity between DSM-IV drug use disorders and major depression: results of a national survey of adults","volume":"7","author":"Grant","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abuse"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17060689","article-title":"Herbal cannabis and depression: a review of findings published over the last three years","volume":"17","author":"Haller","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.4038\/cmj.v58i3.6103","article-title":"Substance use disorders among mentally ill patients in a general hospital in Sri Lanka: prevalence and correlates","volume":"58","author":"Hapangama","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ceylon Med. J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.15070907","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of DSM-5 cannabis use disorder, 2012-2013: findings from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related Conditions\u2013III","volume":"173","author":"Hasin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2024.2423374","article-title":"Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder among U.S. adults with psychiatric disorders: 2001-2002 and 2012-2013","volume":"60","author":"Hasin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Subst. Use Misuse"},{"issue":"7414","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib90","first-page":"557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical research ed.)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2023.02.002","article-title":"Cannabis use is associated with depression severity and suicidality in the national comorbidity survey-adolescent supplement","volume":"1","author":"Hinckley","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAACAP open"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00207-2","article-title":"Association between alcohol and substance use disorders and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and unipolar depression: a nationwide, prospective, register-based study","volume":"2","author":"Hjorth\u00f8j","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.01.141","article-title":"Prevalence of comorbid substance use in major depressive disorder in community and clinical settings, 1990\u20132019: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"266","author":"Hunt","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.3844\/ajassp.2012.1512.1517","article-title":"Performance of the trim and fill method in adjusting for the publication bias in meta-analysis of continuous aata","volume":"9","author":"Idris","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib42","series-title":"Global Health Data Exchange (Ghdx)","year":"2021"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2023.1256","article-title":"Cannabis use disorder and subsequent risk of psychotic and nonpsychotic unipolar depression and bipolar disorder","volume":"80","author":"Jefsen","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.05.035","article-title":"Problem alcohol use and healthcare utilization among persons with cannabis use disorder in the United States","volume":"178","author":"John","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1053\/comp.2002.35910","article-title":"Comorbidity of substance abuse and other psychiatric disorders in acute general psychiatric admissions: a study from Lebanon","volume":"43","author":"Karam","year":"2002","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.10.015","article-title":"Gender differences in cannabis use disorders: results from the national epidemiologic survey of alcohol and related conditions","volume":"130","author":"Khan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.625158","article-title":"Down and high: reflections regarding depression and cannabis","volume":"12","author":"Langlois","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106341","article-title":"Trends in documented cannabis use disorder among hospitalized adult epilepsy patients in the United States","volume":"163","author":"Lekoubou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713001438","article-title":"The association between cannabis use and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies","volume":"44","author":"Lev-Ran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990802013367","article-title":"Prospective relations between melancholia and substance use disorders","volume":"34","author":"Leventhal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(96)01287-2","article-title":"The influence of familial and non-familial factors on the association between major depression and substance abuse\/dependence in 1874 monozygotic male twin pairs","volume":"43","author":"Lin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib52","first-page":"1","article-title":"Negative consequences associated with dependence in daily cannabis users","volume":"2","author":"Looby","year":"2007","journal-title":"Subst. Abuse Treat. Prev. Pol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2011.02.006","article-title":"Explaining associations between cannabis use disorders in adolescence and later major depression: a test of the psychosocial failure model","volume":"36","author":"Marmorstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-022-00461-4","article-title":"Cannabis legalization and the decline of cannabis use disorder (CUD) treatment utilization in the US","volume":"10","author":"Mennis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Current Addiction Reports"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000210","article-title":"The mediating roles of coping, sleep, and anxiety motives in cannabis use and problems among returning veterans with PTSD and MDD","volume":"30","author":"Metrik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol. Addict. Behav."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199107000-00007","article-title":"Psychopathology among substance abusing juvenile offenders","volume":"30","author":"Milin","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1992.tb01441.x","article-title":"Diagnostic and demographic correlates of substance abuse in schizophrenia and major affective disorder","volume":"85","author":"Mueser","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib88","series-title":"JBI Reviewer\u2019s Manual","first-page":"219","article-title":"Chapter 7: Systematic Reviews of Etiology and Risk","author":"Moola","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033438","article-title":"Substance use disorder in hospitalized severely mentally ill psychiatric patients: prevalence, correlates, and subgroups","volume":"26","author":"Mueser","year":"2000","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-012-9378-1","article-title":"Two sides of the same coin: cannabis dependence and mental health problems in help-seeking adolescent and young adult outpatients","volume":"10","author":"Norberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Ment. Health Addiction"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0292922","article-title":"Cannabis use disorder, suicide attempts, and self-harm among adolescents: a national inpatient study across the United States","volume":"18","author":"Oladunjoye","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2013-1187","article-title":"Comorbid psychiatric disorders and stages of change in cannabis-dependent, treatment-seeking patients","volume":"36","author":"Oliveira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.12.043","article-title":"Comorbid cannabis use disorder with major depression and generalized anxiety disorder: a systematic review with meta-analysis of nationally representative epidemiological surveys","volume":"281","author":"Onaemo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371506000106","article-title":"Descriptive epidemiology of major depressive disorder in Canada in 2012","volume":"60","author":"Patten","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1151\/spp053113","article-title":"Mood disorders and substance use disorder: a complex comorbidity","volume":"3","author":"Quello","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science & Practice Perspectives"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.1338","article-title":"Comorbidity and coaggregation of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder and cannabis use disorder in a controlled family study","volume":"79","author":"Quick","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib67","article-title":"Interventions for co-occurring cannabis use and depression","volume":"14","author":"Sato","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12503","article-title":"Gender differences among treatment\u2010seeking adults with cannabis use disorder: clinical profiles of women and men enrolled in the achieving cannabis cessation\u2014evaluating N\u2010acetylcysteine treatment (ACCENT) study","volume":"26","author":"Sherman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Addict."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000015987","article-title":"The trim-and-fill method for publication bias: practical guidelines and recommendations based on a large database of meta-analyses","volume":"98","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1002\/depr.3050030504","article-title":"Alextthymia in male cannabis users: the role of comorbid depressive disorders","volume":"3","author":"Spalletta","year":"1995","journal-title":"Depression"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2019.04.004","article-title":"Cannabis abuse and dependence in kidney transplant candidates","volume":"121","author":"Stark","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291706008361","article-title":"Cannabis use disorders in the USA: prevalence, correlates, and co-morbidity","volume":"36","author":"Stinson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008","article-title":"Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting","volume":"283","author":"Stroup","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2017.09.004","article-title":"Patterns of cannabis use and clinical correlates among individuals with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder","volume":"80","author":"Taub","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867412460591","article-title":"Prevalence, correlates and comorbidity of DSM-IV cannabis use and cannabis use disorders in Australia","volume":"46","author":"Teesson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1177\/07067437221099769","article-title":"Canadian network for mood and anxiety treatments (CANMAT) task force report: a systematic review and recommendations of cannabis use in bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder","volume":"68","author":"Tourjman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib76","series-title":"World Drug Report 2024","year":"2024"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12196","article-title":"Mental health differences between frequent cannabis users with and without dependence and the general population","volume":"108","author":"van der Pol","year":"2013","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.01875.x","article-title":"Does cannabis use predict the first incidence of mood and anxiety disorders in the adult population?","volume":"102","author":"van Laar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2022.104144","article-title":"Prevalence of anxiety and depression among engineering students consuming cannabis","volume":"80","author":"Vaziri-Harami","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2023.107757","article-title":"Emotion dysregulation in relation to cannabis use and mental health among young adults","volume":"144","author":"Weidberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.1997.tb00409.x","article-title":"Course and severity of substance abuse among patients with comorbid major depression","volume":"6","author":"Westermeyer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Addict."},{"issue":"2-3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(98)00108-6","article-title":"Alcoholism and drug abuse in three groups\u2014bipolar I, unipolars and their acquaintances","volume":"50","author":"Winokur","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.12.013","article-title":"Cannabis use and cannabis use disorders and their relationship to mental disorders: a 10-year prospective-longitudinal community study in adolescents","volume":"88","author":"Wittchen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib84","series-title":"The Health and Social Effects of Nonmedical Cannabis Use","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000138","article-title":"Co-occurrence of substance-related and other mental health disorders among adolescent cannabis users","volume":"9","author":"Zaman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Addiction Med."}],"container-title":["Journal of Psychiatric Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022395626001317?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022395626001317?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T05:42:37Z","timestamp":1779428557000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022395626001317"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":93,"alternative-id":["S0022395626001317"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3956"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3956","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The association between major depressive disorder and cannabis use disorder: A meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Psychiatric Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2026.02.047","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}