{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T04:59:24Z","timestamp":1793422764550,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000853","name":"University of Glasgow","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000853","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008175","name":"Glasgow Children's Hospital Charity","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008175","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jpurol.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.08.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,12]],"date-time":"2016-09-12T20:46:34Z","timestamp":1473713194000},"page":"57.e1-57.e5","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Shorter anogenital and anoscrotal distances correlate with the severity of hypospadias: A prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3342-4291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Cox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kyriakou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Amjad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"O'Toole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5296-0423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.E.","family":"Flett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1469-0201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Welsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.F.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Cascio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.08.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F149","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2002.024034","article-title":"Prevalence of hypospadias and other genital anomalies among singleton births, 1988\u20131997, in Scotland","volume":"89","author":"Ahmed","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.08.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.09.058","article-title":"Population based nationwide study of hypospadias in Sweden, 1973 to 2009: incidence and risk factors","volume":"191","author":"Nordenvall","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.08.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.08.007","article-title":"Epidemiological assessment of hypospadias by degree of severity","volume":"188","author":"Canon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.08.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmg.2014.03.003","article-title":"Review of genetic and environmental factors leading to hypospadias","volume":"57","author":"Shih","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.08.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI34241","article-title":"Identification in rats of a programming window for reproductive tract masculinization, disruption of which leads to hypospadias and cryptorchidism","volume":"118","author":"Welsh","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.08.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2009-0016","article-title":"Steroidogenesis in the fetal testis and its susceptibility to disruption by exogenous compounds","volume":"30","author":"Scott","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.08.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2009.00978.x","article-title":"Critical androgen-sensitive periods of rat penis and clitoris development","volume":"33","author":"Welsh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.08.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/62.2.236","article-title":"Androgen-mediated development in male rat offspring exposed to flutamide in utero: permanence and correlation of early postnatal changes in anogenital distance and nipple retention with malformations in androgen-dependent tissues","volume":"62","author":"McIntyre","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.08.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8100","article-title":"Decrease in anogenital distance among male infants with prenatal phthalate exposure","volume":"113","author":"Swan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.08.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des087","article-title":"Caucasian male infants and boys with hypospadias exhibit reduced anogenital distance","volume":"27","author":"Hsieh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.08.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det286","article-title":"Shorter anogenital distance correlates with undescended testis: a detailed genital anthropometric analysis in human newborns","volume":"28","author":"Jain","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.08.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18973","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018973","article-title":"The relationship between anogenital distance, fatherhood, and fertility in adult men","volume":"6","author":"Eisenberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.08.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2009.03545.x","article-title":"Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: foetal origin of adult reproductive problems","volume":"71","author":"Wohlfahrt-Veje","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.08.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.73.1.17","article-title":"Cross sectional stature and weight reference curves for the UK, 1990","volume":"73","author":"Freeman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Archives Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.08.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307178","article-title":"Anogenital distance and penile length in infants with hypospadias or cryptorchidism: comparison with normative data","volume":"122","author":"Thankamony","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.08.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfg128","article-title":"Effects of in utero exposure to finasteride on androgen-dependent reproductive development in the male rat","volume":"73","author":"Bowman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.08.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0900881","article-title":"Anogenital distance from birth to 2 years: a population study","volume":"117","author":"Thankamony","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.08.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12022","article-title":"Anogenital distances in newborns and children from Spain and Greece: predictors, tracking and reliability","volume":"27","author":"Papadopoulou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.08.006_bib19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anogenital distance as a marker of androgen exposure in humans","author":"Thankamony","year":"2016","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.08.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.11.047","article-title":"Increased occurrence of disorders of sex development, prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction in children with proximal hypospadias associated with undescended testes","volume":"189","author":"Sekaran","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.08.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.36050","article-title":"Severe hypospadias and its association with maternal-placental factors","volume":"161A","author":"Huisma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet Part A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.08.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-008-0025-0","article-title":"Associations among hypospadias, cryptorchidism, anogenital distance, and endocrine disruption","volume":"9","author":"Hsieh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Urol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.08.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199907000-00003","article-title":"Epidemiology of cryptorchidism and hypospadias","volume":"10","author":"Moller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.08.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199907000-00005","article-title":"Risk factor patterns for cryptorchidism and hypospadias","volume":"10","author":"Akre","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.08.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.33140","article-title":"Hypospadias in males with intrauterine growth restriction due to placental insufficiency: the placental role in the embryogenesis of male external genitalia","volume":"152A","author":"Yinon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet Part A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.08.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2007.10.046","article-title":"Placental insufficiency in early gestation is associated with hypospadias","volume":"43","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Urology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1477513116302327?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1477513116302327?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T13:42:58Z","timestamp":1761486178000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1477513116302327"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1477513116302327"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.08.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-5131"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-5131","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Shorter anogenital and anoscrotal distances correlate with the severity of hypospadias: A prospective study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Pediatric Urology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.08.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Journal of Pediatric Urology Company. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}