{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T12:43:47Z","timestamp":1775220227804,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jpurol.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2020.08.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T22:35:36Z","timestamp":1597790136000},"page":"708-711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Dorsal penile block versus caudal epidural anesthesia effect on complications post-hypospadias repair: Dilemmas, damned dilemmas and statistics"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Luis H.","family":"Braga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"McGrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Forough","family":"Farrokhyar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2020.08.009_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13119","article-title":"The association between caudal anesthesia and increased risk of postoperative surgical complications in boys undergoing hypospadias repair","volume":"27","author":"Taicher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2020.08.009_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13463","article-title":"Impact of caudal block on postoperative complications in children undergoing tubularised incised plate urethroplasty for hypospadias repair: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"71","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2020.08.009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12719","article-title":"Urethrocutaneous fistula following hypospadias repair: regional anesthesia and other factors","volume":"25","author":"Zaidi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2020.08.009_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2020.05.150","article-title":"Penile nerve block predicts higher revision surgery rate following distal hypospadias repair when compared with caudal epidural block: a consecutive cohort study","author":"Ngoo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2020.08.009_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2014.12.006","article-title":"Meta-analysis of complication rates of the tubularized incised plate (TIP) repair","volume":"11","author":"Pfistermuller","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2020.08.009_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-1591.40619","article-title":"Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty for distal hypospadias: a literature review","volume":"24","author":"Braga","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2020.08.009_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181cf863d","article-title":"Randomized controlled trials of surgical interventions","volume":"251","author":"Farrokhyar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2020.08.009_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E249","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.5688","article-title":"Postoperative complications of hypospadias repair in patients receiving caudal block vs. non-caudal anesthesia: a meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Tanseco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can Urol Assoc J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2020.08.009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1503\/cjs.036311","article-title":"Confounding: what is it and how do we deal with it?","volume":"55","author":"Braga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"issue":"3 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2020.08.009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2016.08.110","article-title":"Cause and effect versus confounding-is there a true association between caudal blocks and tubularized incised plate repair complications?","volume":"197","author":"Braga","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2020.08.009_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.08.035","article-title":"Is statistical significance sufficient? Importance of interaction and confounding in hypospadias analysis","volume":"184","author":"Braga","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2020.08.009_bib13","article-title":"Caudal epidural block versus ultrasound-guided dorsal penile nerve block for pediatric distal hypospadias surgery: a prospective, observational study","volume":"S1477\u20135131","author":"Ozen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2020.08.009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2019.227","article-title":"Functional and cosmetic urethroplasty outcome, emotional stress after genital examination, post traumatic stress disorder, and ages at the time of urethroplasty as potential risk factor causing psychosocial disorder of hypospadia children","volume":"7","author":"Duarsa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Macedonian J Med Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2020.08.009_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13657","article-title":"Effect of anesthesia for hypospadias repair on perioperative complications","volume":"29","author":"Splinter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2020.08.009_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2011.03702.x","article-title":"Surgical outcome in children undergoing hypospadias repair under caudal epidural vs penile block","volume":"22","author":"Kundra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2020.08.009_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12845","article-title":"A retrospective evaluation of fistula formation in children undergoing hypospadias repair and caudal anesthesia","volume":"26","author":"Kreysing","year":"2016","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2020.08.009_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.09.011","article-title":"Can regional anesthesia have an effect on surgical outcomes in patients undergoing distal hypospadia surgery?","volume":"13","author":"Saavedra-Belaunde","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Urology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S147751312030499X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S147751312030499X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T13:49:28Z","timestamp":1761486568000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S147751312030499X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S147751312030499X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpurol.2020.08.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-5131"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-5131","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dorsal penile block versus caudal epidural anesthesia effect on complications post-hypospadias repair: Dilemmas, damned dilemmas and statistics","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Pediatric Urology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpurol.2020.08.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Journal of Pediatric Urology Company. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}