{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T13:30:31Z","timestamp":1790602231704,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jpurol.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]],"date-time":"2021-01-12T09:45:11Z","timestamp":1610444711000},"page":"209.e1-209.e6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Retractable foreskin reduces urinary tract infections in infant boys with vesicoureteral reflux"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6308-9917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Holzman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua D.","family":"Chamberlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol A.","family":"Davis-Dao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dao T.","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent A.","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda M.","family":"Macaraeg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Crystal","family":"Dorgalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2174-0836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai-wen","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi A.","family":"Stephany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elias J.","family":"Wehbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine E.","family":"Khoury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.4.789","article-title":"Newborn circumcision decreases incidence and costs of urinary tract infections during the first year of life","volume":"105","author":"Schoen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(96)70423-7","article-title":"Effect of circumcision on incidence of urinary tract infection in preschool boys","volume":"128","author":"Craig","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-200X.2002.01633.x","article-title":"Meatus tightly covered by the prepuce is associated with urinary infection","volume":"44","author":"Hiraoka","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2267","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-013-2410-2","article-title":"What is the efficacy of circumcision in boys with complex urinary tract abnormalities?","volume":"28","author":"Bader","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(88)80625-5","article-title":"Effect of circumcision status on periurethral bacterial flora during the first year of life","volume":"113","author":"Wiswell","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)41909-4","article-title":"Adherence of bacteria to human foreskins","volume":"140","author":"Fussell","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.43.228.200","article-title":"Further fate of the foreskin. Incidence of preputial adhesions, phimosis, and smegma among Danish schoolboys","volume":"43","author":"Oster","year":"1968","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-007-0231-2","article-title":"Topical steroid application versus circumcision in pediatric patients with phimosis: a prospective randomized placebo controlled clinical trial","volume":"26","author":"Esposito","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.2001.02033.x","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of treatments for phimosis: a comparison of surgical and medicinal approaches and their economic effect","volume":"87","author":"Berdeu","year":"2001","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-006-0104-8","article-title":"Topical hydrocortisone and physiotherapy for nonretractile physiologic phimosis in infants","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.007_bib11","first-page":"CD008973","article-title":"Topical corticosteroids for treating phimosis in boys","author":"Moreno","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.05.065","article-title":"Summary of the AUA guideline on management of primary vesicoureteral reflux in children","volume":"184","author":"Peters","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388 e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2019.04.021","article-title":"Randomized open-label trial comparing topical prescription triamcinolone to over-the-counter hydrocortisone for the treatment of phimosis","volume":"15","author":"Chamberlin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-012-3253-9","article-title":"Is half strength of 0.05 % betamethasone valerate cream still effective in the treatment of phimosis in young children?","volume":"29","author":"Sookpotarom","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.007_bib15","article-title":"Subcommittee on urinary tract infection. Reaffirmation of AAP clinical practice guideline: the diagnosis and management of the initial urinary tract infection in febrile infants and young children 2-24 Months of age","volume":"138","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.007_bib16","first-page":"940","article-title":"Revised AAP guideline on UTI in febrile infants and young children","volume":"86","author":"Roberts","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.007_bib17","series-title":"EAU guidelines on paediatric Urology 2020","author":"Radmayr","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472 e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2019.06.018","article-title":"The use of steroid cream for physiologic phimosis in male infants with a history of UTI and normal renal ultrasound is associated with decreased risk of recurrent UTI","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.007_bib19","first-page":"1072","article-title":"Antimicrobial prophylaxis for children with vesicoureteral reflux","volume":"371","author":"Hoberman","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.049353","article-title":"Circumcision for the prevention of urinary tract infection in boys: a systematic review of randomized trials and observational studies","volume":"90","author":"Singh-Grewal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1007\/s003830050270","article-title":"Does circumcision alter the periurethral bacterial flora?","volume":"13","author":"Wijesinha","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1989","article-title":"Circumcision policy statement","volume":"130","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2490-10-2","article-title":"Complications of circumcision in male neonates, infants and children: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Weiss","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)00399-X","article-title":"Cost analysis of neonatal circumcision in a large health maintenance organization","volume":"175","author":"Schoen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-1007","article-title":"Circumcision of privately insured males aged 0 to 18 years in the United States","volume":"134","author":"Hart-Cooper","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.1998.00533.x","article-title":"Parental anxiety before elective surgery in children. A British perspective","volume":"53","author":"Shirley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-2896","article-title":"Cultural bias in the AAP's 2012 technical report and policy statement on male circumcision","volume":"131","author":"Frisch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12963-016-0073-5","article-title":"Estimation of country-specific and global prevalence of male circumcision","volume":"14","author":"Morris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Popul Health Metr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2017.11.080","article-title":"A reanalysis of the RIVUR trial using a risk classification system","volume":"199","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)62686-7","article-title":"The relationship among dysfunctional elimination syndromes, primary vesicoureteral reflux and urinary tract infections in children","volume":"160","author":"Koff","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Urol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Urology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1477513121000085?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1477513121000085?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T13:48:49Z","timestamp":1761486529000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1477513121000085"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1477513121000085"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.007","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.739509971.793583981","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1477-5131"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-5131","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Retractable foreskin reduces urinary tract infections in infant boys with vesicoureteral reflux","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Pediatric Urology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Journal of Pediatric Urology Company. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}