{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T03:29:42Z","timestamp":1783481382754,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]],"date-time":"2011-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1301616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Reproductive Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,7]],"date-time":"2011-04-07T15:04:52Z","timestamp":1302188692000},"page":"55-61","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Immunity to infections in the lower genital tract of bulls"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Eduardo R.","family":"Cobo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynette B.","family":"Corbeil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert H.","family":"BonDurant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2995","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.61.7.2995-3002.1993","article-title":"Bovine polymorphonuclear leukocyte killing of Tritrichomonas foetus","volume":"61","author":"Aydintug","year":"1993","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2000)086[0328:TFECPC]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Tritrichomonas foetus extracellular cysteine proteinase cleavage of bovine IgG2 allotypes","volume":"86","author":"Bastida-Corcuera","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0793-3","article-title":"Trichomonas adhere and phagocytose sperm cells: adhesion seems to be a prominent stage during interaction","volume":"102","author":"Benchimol","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0020","first-page":"21","article-title":"Effects of passively and actively acquired antibody on bovine campylobacteriosis (vibriosis)","volume":"40","author":"Berg","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(77)90027-X","article-title":"Measurement of immunoglobulins in reproductive tract fluids of bulls","volume":"2","author":"Bier","year":"1977","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(77)90028-1","article-title":"Experimental infections with Campylobacter fetus in bulls of different ages","volume":"2","author":"Bier","year":"1977","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1990.196.10.1590","article-title":"Prevalence of trichomoniasis among California beef herds","volume":"196","author":"BonDurant","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.61.4.1385-1394.1993","article-title":"Immunization of virgin cows with surface antigen TF1.17 of Tritrichomonas foetus","volume":"61","author":"BonDurant","year":"1993","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1935(17)36588-0","article-title":"Vibrio fetus infection in bulls: curative and preventive vaccination","volume":"129","author":"Bouters","year":"1973","journal-title":"Br. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2009.10.005","article-title":"The ABC of clinical and experimental adjuvants--a brief overview","volume":"128","author":"Brunner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0450.2005.00834.x","article-title":"Immunohistochemical identification of Campylobacter fetus in natural cases of bovine and ovine abortions","volume":"52","author":"Campero","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. B Infect. Dis. Vet. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1971.tb14749.x","article-title":"Review of bovine vibriosis","volume":"47","author":"Clark","year":"1971","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1974.tb05347.x","article-title":"Immunisation against bovine vibriosis Vaccination of bulls against infection with Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis","volume":"50","author":"Clark","year":"1974","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1977.tb05460.x","article-title":"A dual vaccine for the immunisation of cattle against vibriosis","volume":"53","author":"Clark","year":"1977","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1979.tb09556.x","article-title":"A dual vaccine for immunisation of bulls against vibriosis","volume":"55","author":"Clark","year":"1979","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1983.tb05957.x","article-title":"Immunisation of bulls against trichomoniasis","volume":"60","author":"Clark","year":"1983","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1984.tb07197.x","article-title":"Therapeutic immunisation of bulls with the membranes and glycoproteins of Tritrichomonas foetus var. brisbane","volume":"61","author":"Clark","year":"1984","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1974.tb02362.x","article-title":"Experimental infection of bulls with Tritrichomonas foetus","volume":"50","author":"Clark","year":"1974","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00301-1","article-title":"Heifers immunized with whole-cell and membrane vaccines against Tritrichomonas foetus and naturally challenged with an infected bull","volume":"109","author":"Cobo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.10.039","article-title":"Preputial cellular and antibody responses of bulls vaccinated and\/or challenged with Tritrichomonas foetus","volume":"28","author":"Cobo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.21.5.803-807.1985","article-title":"Bacterial interactions in bovine respiratory and reproductive infections","volume":"21","author":"Corbeil","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1998.tb00353.x","article-title":"Female reproductive tract immunity in bovine trichomoniasis","volume":"39","author":"Corbeil","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.42-3-282","article-title":"Uterine mast cells and immunoglobulin-E antibody responses during clearance of Tritrichomonas foetus","volume":"42","author":"Corbeil","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0120","first-page":"403","article-title":"Bovine venereal vibriosis: activity of inflammatory cells in protective immunity","volume":"36","author":"Corbeil","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2710","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.29.12.2710-2714.1991","article-title":"Immunoglobulin binding by Tritrichomonas foetus","volume":"29","author":"Corbeil","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/j.8755-8920.2001.450507.x","article-title":"Bovine trichomoniasis as a model for development of vaccines against sexually-transmitted disease","volume":"45","author":"Corbeil","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.10.3.422-429.1974","article-title":"Immunoglobulin classes and biological functions of Campylobacter (Vibrio) fetus antibodies in serum and cervicovaginal mucus","volume":"10","author":"Corbeil","year":"1974","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.11.2.240-244.1975","article-title":"Bovine veneral vibriosis: antigenic variation of the bacterium during infection","volume":"11","author":"Corbeil","year":"1975","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0145","first-page":"729","article-title":"Immunity in the female bovine reproductive tract based on the response to \u201cCampylobacter fetus\u201d","volume":"137","author":"Corbeil","year":"1981","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-001-0090-9","article-title":"Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis surface array protein from bovine isolates in Brazil","volume":"45","author":"de Vargas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2009.08.007","article-title":"Impact of T. vaginalis infection on innate immune responses and reproductive outcome","volume":"83","author":"Fichorova","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588302000206","article-title":"An immunopathologic study of the bovine prepuce","volume":"20","author":"Flower","year":"1983","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.177.8.1976-1980.1995","article-title":"Protein shift and antigenic variation in the S-layer of Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis during bovine infection accompanied by genomic rearrangement of sapA homologs","volume":"177","author":"Garcia","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00803-09","article-title":"A genomic island defines subspecies-specific virulence features of the host-adapted pathogen Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis","volume":"192","author":"Gorkiewicz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2005.09.007","article-title":"Use of the cow as a large animal model of uterine infection and immunity","volume":"69","author":"Herath","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3078","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.58.9.3078-3083.1990","article-title":"Characterization of Tritrichomonas foetus antigens by use of monoclonal antibodies","volume":"58","author":"Hodgson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0185","first-page":"475","article-title":"Comparative investigation of Langerhans\u2019 cells and potential receptors for HIV in oral, genitourinary and rectal epithelia","volume":"85","author":"Hussain","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3289","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.31.12.3289-3295.1993","article-title":"Conservation of a protective surface antigen of Tritrichomonas foetus","volume":"31","author":"Ikeda","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.5.1158-1163.1995","article-title":"Bovine vaginal antibody responses to immunoaffinity-purified surface antigen of Tritrichomonas foetus","volume":"33","author":"Ikeda","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(00)00256-7","article-title":"Degradation of bovine complement C3 by trichomonad extracellular proteinase","volume":"78","author":"Kania","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1988.tb14445.x","article-title":"Prevalence of bovine venereal disease in the Victoria River District of the Northern Territory: likely economic effects and practicable control measures","volume":"65","author":"McCool","year":"1988","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000237364.11123.98","article-title":"Potential HIV-1 target cells in the human penis","volume":"20","author":"McCoombe","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1974.tb06861.x","article-title":"The pathogenesis of Tritrichomonas foetus infection in the bull","volume":"50","author":"Parsonson","year":"1974","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(76)90028-1","article-title":"Early pathogenesis and pathology of Tritrichomonas foetus infection in virgin heifers","volume":"86","author":"Parsonson","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588802500503","article-title":"Fetal and placental lesions in bovine abortion due to Tritrichomonas foetus","volume":"25","author":"Rhyan","year":"1988","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.36-5-406","article-title":"Demonstration of Tritrichomonas foetus in the external genitalia and of specific antibodies in preputial secretions of naturally infected bulls","volume":"36","author":"Rhyan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2009.07.027","article-title":"Tritrichomonas fetus extracellular products decrease progressive motility of bull sperm","volume":"73","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/116.5.581","article-title":"Bovine vibriosis: the nature of the carrier state in the bull","volume":"116","author":"Samuelson","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0245","first-page":"533","article-title":"Infection patterns in heifers following cervicovaginal or intrauterine instillation of Campylobacter (Vibrio) fetus venerealis","volume":"64","author":"Schurig","year":"1974","journal-title":"Cornell Vet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.11.2.245-251.1975","article-title":"Bovine veneral vibriosis: cure of genital infection in females by systemic immunization","volume":"11","author":"Schurig","year":"1975","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1086\/511144","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis infection in male sexual partners: implications for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention","volume":"44","author":"Sena","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2001)087[0770:IABAOG]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Immunological and biochemical analysis of glycosylated surface antigens and lipophosphoglycan of Tritrichomonas foetus","volume":"87","author":"Singh","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1990.51.04.645","article-title":"Immunoglobulin isotype of specific antibodies in reproductive tract secretions and sera in Tritrichomonas foetus-infected heifers","volume":"51","author":"Skirrow","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0270","first-page":"638","article-title":"The effects of Tritrichomonas foetus and nutritional status on the fertility of cows on a community pasture in Saskatchewan","volume":"39","author":"Stewart","year":"1998","journal-title":"Can. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v76i4.431","article-title":"Prevalence of genital campylobacteriosis and trichomonosis in crossbred breeding bulls kept on zero-grazed smallholder dairy farms in the Tanga region of Tanzania","volume":"76","author":"Swai","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1935(05)80098-3","article-title":"Morphological differentiation of Tritrichomonas foetus from other protozoa of the bovine reproductive tract","volume":"150","author":"Taylor","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1983.44.08.1553","article-title":"Bovine genital campylobacteriosis (vibriosis): vaccination of experimentally infected bulls","volume":"44","author":"Vasquez","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0290","first-page":"209","article-title":"Incidence of vibriosis in an Ai stud","volume":"55","author":"Wagner","year":"1965","journal-title":"Cornell Vet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0295","article-title":"Sex hormone regulation of innate immunity in the female reproductive tract: the role of epithelial cells in balancing reproductive potential with protection against sexually transmitted pathogens","author":"Wira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2004.00248.x","article-title":"Epithelial cells in the female reproductive tract: a central role as sentinels of immune protection","volume":"53","author":"Wira","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2877","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.8.7594","article-title":"Antigen-presenting cells in the female reproductive tract: influence of estradiol on antigen presentation by vaginal cells","volume":"141","author":"Wira","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Reproductive Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165037811000404?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165037811000404?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T23:04:04Z","timestamp":1741129444000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165037811000404"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0165037811000404"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jri.2011.02.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0378","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]}}}