{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:15:19Z","timestamp":1791213319043,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427846400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005632","name":"National Centre for Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NR13006606"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NR13006606"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004569","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NN407283539"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NN407283539"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2011\/01\/B\/NZ2\/04836"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2011\/01\/B\/NZ2\/04836"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jrijournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Reproductive Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,28]],"date-time":"2015-02-28T11:00:44Z","timestamp":1425121244000},"page":"98-104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Cytokines in the male reproductive tract and their role in infertility disorders"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Monika","family":"Fraczek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Kurpisz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-013-0400-8","article-title":"Influence of pathogens and moderate leukocytes on seminal interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and sperm parameters","volume":"45","author":"Aghazarian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Urol. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(98)00390-2","article-title":"Elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the semen of patients with chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome","volume":"52","author":"Alexander","year":"1998","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.04.071","article-title":"Increased seminal reactive oxygen species levels in patients with varicoceles correlate with varicocele grade but not with testis size","volume":"82","author":"Allamaneni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)56838-1","article-title":"Cytokines stimulate lipid membrane peroxidation of human sperm","volume":"62","author":"Buch","year":"1994","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1080\/01485010390129232","article-title":"Relation between immunosuppressive PGE(2) and IL-10 to pro-inflammatory IL-6 in seminal plasma of infertile and fertile men","volume":"49","author":"Camejo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1080\/014850101316901280","article-title":"Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in seminal plasma of infertile men, and lipid peroxidation of their sperm","volume":"47","author":"Camejo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.01.088","article-title":"Effect of cryptorchidism and retractile testes on male factor infertility: a multicenter, retrospective, chart review","volume":"83","author":"Caroppo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0040","article-title":"Relationship of semen hyperviscosity with IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, IL-10 and ROS production in seminal plasma of infertile patients with prostatitis and prostato-vesiculitis","author":"Castiglione","year":"2013","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2012.112","article-title":"Role of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in the pathogenesis of varicocele-induced testicular dysfunction","volume":"15","author":"Celik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-005-0813-7","article-title":"Apoptosis and cell removal in the cryptorchid rat testis","volume":"10","author":"Chaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1994.tb00853.x","article-title":"Cytokines in semen of normal men and of patients with andrological diseases","volume":"31","author":"Comhaire","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2863","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.138.7.5289","article-title":"Vectorial production of interleukin 1 and interleukin 6 by rat Sertoli cells cultured in a dual culture compartment system","volume":"138","author":"Cudicini","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-010-9384-9","article-title":"Expression of the Fas-ligand gene in ejaculated sperm from adolescents with and without varicocele","volume":"27","author":"Del Giudice","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Assist. Reprod. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1996.tb01855.x","article-title":"The relation between reactive oxygen species and cytokines in andrological patients with or without male accessory gland infection","volume":"17","author":"Depuydt","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.09.006","article-title":"Dendritic cells in semen of infertile men: association with sperm quality and inflammatory status of the epididymis","volume":"101","author":"Duan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0080","first-page":"157","article-title":"Interleukin 1\u03b2 and interleukin 18 and their connection with leukocytospermia in human semen","volume":"35","author":"Dziadecki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Centr. Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.3.517","article-title":"Relationship of seminal plasma interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-6 with semen quality","volume":"16","author":"Eggert-Kruse","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.08.103","article-title":"Role for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1-beta (IL-1beta) determination in seminal plasma during infertility investigation","volume":"87","author":"Eggert-Kruse","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1989.tb00100.x","article-title":"The effect of tumor necrosis factor on human sperm motility in vitro","volume":"10","author":"Eisermann","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.106.001149","article-title":"Inflammatory mediators exert toxic effects of oxidative stress on human spermatozoa","volume":"28","author":"Fraczek","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.107.003319","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokines as an intermediate factor enhancing lipid sperm membrane peroxidation in in vitro conditions","volume":"29","author":"Fraczek","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0110","series-title":"Studies on Men Health and Fertility","first-page":"179","article-title":"Cytokines and oxidative stress in germ line","author":"Fraczek","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2013.09.005","article-title":"In vitro reconstruction of inflammatory reaction in human semen: effect on sperm DNA fragmentation","volume":"100","author":"Fraczek","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0272.2003.00544.x","article-title":"Levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in seminal fluid of men attending an andrological clinic","volume":"35","author":"Friebe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1080\/01485010390219926","article-title":"Soluble Fas and interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 levels in seminal plasma of infertile men","volume":"49","author":"Furuya","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1996.tb01765.x","article-title":"Cytokine levels in the seminal plasma of infertile males","volume":"17","author":"Gruschwitz","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)59056-6","article-title":"Effects of soluble products of activated lymphocytes and macrophages (lymphokines and monokines) on human sperm motion parameters","volume":"47","author":"Hill","year":"1987","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000087820.94991.21","article-title":"Increased risk of carcinoma in situ in patients with testicular germ cell cancer with ultrasonic microlithiasis in the contralateral testicle","volume":"170","author":"Holm","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0145","first-page":"259","article-title":"Regulation of spermatogenesis by paracrine\/autocrine testicular factors","volume":"6","author":"Huleihel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Asian J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)00499-4","article-title":"Production of interleukin-1-like molecules by human sperm cells","volume":"73","author":"Huleihel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/j.8755-8920.2000.430108.x","article-title":"Involvement of serum and lipopolysaccharide in the production of interleukin-1- and interleukin-6-like molecules by human sperm cells","volume":"43","author":"Huleihel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)58401-5","article-title":"Distinct expression levels of cytokines and soluble cytokine receptors in seminal plasma of fertile and infertile men","volume":"66","author":"Huleihel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138061","article-title":"Tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 2 in normal and infected human seminal fluid","volume":"8","author":"Hussenet","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2012.03695.x","article-title":"Oxidative, inflammatory and immunologic status in children with undescended testes","volume":"54","author":"Imamo\u011flu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2007.07008.x","article-title":"Increased testicular 8-hydroxy-2\u2032-deoxyguanosine in patients with varicocele","volume":"100","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2007","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2010.09.026","article-title":"Testicular autoimmunity","volume":"10","author":"Jacobo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.3109\/19396368.2013.830234","article-title":"Association of interleukin-1beta C+3953T gene polymorphism with human male infertility","volume":"59","author":"Jaiswal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Syst. Biol. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2005.00547.x","article-title":"Consequences of semen inflammation and lipid peroxidation on fertilization capacity of spermatozoa in in vitro conditions","volume":"28","author":"Jedrzejczak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1159\/000348824","article-title":"Cryptorchidism is not a risk factor for antisperm antibody production in post-orchidopexy males with infertility","volume":"90","author":"Jiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Urol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s00240-002-0269-y","article-title":"Relationship between seminal plasma interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels with semen parameters in fertile and infertile men","volume":"30","author":"Ko\u00e7ak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Urol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.109.008300","article-title":"Raised inflammatory markers in semen from men with asymptomatic chlamydial infection","volume":"31","author":"Kokab","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2005.00676.x","article-title":"Role of granulocyte elastase and interleukin-6 in the diagnosis of male genital tract inflammation","volume":"37","author":"Kopa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2007.00822.x","article-title":"Male accessory gland infection","volume":"40","author":"Krause","year":"2008","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S1642-431X(12)60035-7","article-title":"Cryptorchidism and long-term consequences","volume":"10","author":"Kurpisz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0225","first-page":"141","article-title":"IL-6, TNFalfa, IL-10 in the seminal plasma of patients with bacterial male accessory gland infections after sequential therapy","volume":"60","author":"La Vignera","year":"2008","journal-title":"Minerva Urol. Nefrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)60309-4","article-title":"TNF-alpha and IL-6 affect human sperm function by elevating nitric oxide production","volume":"17","author":"Lampiao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.110.011486","article-title":"Association of TNF-\u03b1, TNFR1, and TNFR2 polymorphisms with sperm concentration and motility","volume":"33","author":"Lazaros","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.2741\/1983","article-title":"An oligonucleotide microarray study on gene expression profile in mouse testis of experimental cryptorchidism","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004262","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004262","article-title":"The semen microbiome and its relationship with local immunology and viral load in HIV infection","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0250","first-page":"103","article-title":"Measurement of the reactive oxygen species and cytokines in the seminal plasma of leukocytospermic patients","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan. Ke. Xue."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2013.02.004","article-title":"Interleukin 8 and the male genital tract","volume":"100","author":"Lotti","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2010.01121.x","article-title":"Ultrasonographic and clinical correlates of seminal plasma interleukin-8 levels in patients attending an andrology clinic for infertility","volume":"34","author":"Lotti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3393","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des348","article-title":"Semen apoptotic M540 body levels correlate with testis abnormalities: a study in a cohort of infertile subjects","volume":"27","author":"Lotti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0378(01)00063-8","article-title":"A repertoire of cytokines in human seminal plasma","volume":"54","author":"Maegawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7262.2007.00238.x","article-title":"Sperm lipid peroxidation and pro-inflammatory cytokines","volume":"9","author":"Mart\u00ednez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Asian J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2009.00786.x","article-title":"Expression of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, IL-10, HSP-60, anti-HSP-60 antibodies, and anti-sperm antibodies, in semen of men with leukocytes and\/or bacteria","volume":"63","author":"Martinez-Prado","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3109\/01485019808988545","article-title":"Interleukin-6 in seminal plasma of fertile and infertile men","volume":"41","author":"Matalliotakis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2006.00380.x","article-title":"Increased IL-18 levels in seminal plasma of infertile men with genital tract infections","volume":"55","author":"Matalliotakis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.10.059","article-title":"Interleukin 8 and anti-chlamydia trachomatis mucosal IgA as urogenital immunologic markers in patients with C. trachomatis prostatic infection","volume":"51","author":"Mazzoli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a135998","article-title":"Clinical and biological characteristics of infertile men with a history of cryptorchidism","volume":"10","author":"Mieusset","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0305","first-page":"1080","article-title":"Germ cell death and their removal during initial stages of testicular ischemia and cryptorchidism: a comparative analysis","volume":"43","author":"Misro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.106.000828","article-title":"Cryptorchidism and semen quality: a TEM and molecular study","volume":"28","author":"Moretti","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2008.00911.x","article-title":"Semen characteristics and inflammatory mediators in infertile men with different clinical diagnoses","volume":"32","author":"Moretti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.04.017","article-title":"Resistin, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and human semen parameters in the presence of leukocytospermia, smoking habit, and varicocele","volume":"102","author":"Moretti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00795-012-0587-2","article-title":"Experimental autoimmune orchitis as a model of immunological male infertility","volume":"45","author":"Naito","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Mol. Morphol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2004.05.045","article-title":"Relationship of interleukin-6 with semen characteristics and oxidative stress in patients with varicocele","volume":"64","author":"Nallella","year":"2004","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1998.tb02009.x","article-title":"Presence and modulation of interleukin-12 in seminal plasma of fertile and infertile men","volume":"19","author":"Naz","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3109\/01485019808987950","article-title":"Decreased levels of interleukin-12 are not correlated with leukocyte concentration and superoxide dismutase activity in semen of infertile men","volume":"41","author":"Naz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/5.5.399","article-title":"Infections in the male genital tract and reactive oxygen species","volume":"5","author":"Ochsendorf","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(99)00073-1","article-title":"Seminal immune response in infertile men with leukocytospermia: effect on antioxidant activity","volume":"86","author":"Omu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-49-8-697","article-title":"Cytokine concentrations in seminal plasma from subfertile men are not indicative of the presence of Ureaplasma urealyticum or Mycoplasma hominis in the lower genital tract","volume":"49","author":"Pannekoek","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1080\/014850102317267418","article-title":"Interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in normal\/infertile men","volume":"48","author":"Papadimas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1997.tb00282.x","article-title":"T-helper 2 type cytokine and soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels in seminal plasma of infertile men","volume":"38","author":"Paradisi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.03.057","article-title":"Semen quality and oxidative stress scores in fertile and infertile patients with varicocele","volume":"89","author":"Pasqualotto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0375","first-page":"179","article-title":"Evaluation of the cytokines in genital secretions of patients with chronic prostatitis","volume":"75","author":"Paulis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Ital. Urol. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod53.5.1146","article-title":"Abdominal position of the rat testis is associated with high level of lipid peroxidation","volume":"53","author":"Peltola","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.4081\/aiua.2013.1.8","article-title":"The study of spermatic DNA fragmentation and sperm motility in infertile subjects","volume":"85","author":"Peluso","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Ital. Urol. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.07.016","article-title":"Seminal plasma cytokines and chemokines in prostate inflammation: interleukin 8 as a predictive biomarker in chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and benign prostatic hyperplasia","volume":"51","author":"Penna","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-007-9071-5","article-title":"Effects of tumour necrosis factor-alpha on human sperm motility and apoptosis","volume":"27","author":"Perdichizzi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2928","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem281","article-title":"Concentrations and significance of cytokines and other immunologic factors in semen of healthy fertile men","volume":"22","author":"Politch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2010.00980.x","article-title":"Study on the relationship between different cytokines in the semen of infertility patients","volume":"66","author":"Qian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968549","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/968549","article-title":"Pivotal roles of T-helper 17-related cytokines, IL-17, IL-22, and IL-23, in inflammatory diseases","volume":"2013","author":"Qu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Dev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)57674-2","article-title":"Oxidative stress and interleukins in seminal plasma during leukocytospermia","volume":"64","author":"Rajasekaran","year":"1995","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4777","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202089","article-title":"Semen promotes the differentiation of tolerogenic dendritic cells","volume":"189","author":"Remes Lenicov","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.10.025","article-title":"Increased expression of interleukin-1alpha and interleukin-1beta is associated with experimental varicocele","volume":"85","author":"Sahin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.11.068","article-title":"Infliximab may reverse the toxic effects induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha in human spermatozoa: an in vitro model","volume":"83","author":"Said","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2008.07517.x","article-title":"The assessment of oxidative stress in infertile patients with varicocele","volume":"101","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2003.tb02693.x","article-title":"Male genital tract inflammation: the role of selected interleukins in regulation of pro-oxidant and antioxidant enzymatic substances in seminal plasma","volume":"24","author":"Sanocka","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2009.00736.x","article-title":"The role of cytokine expression in different subgroups of subfertile men","volume":"62","author":"Seshadri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2010.01042.x","article-title":"Cytokine expression in the seminal plasma and its effects on fertilisation rates in an IVF cycle","volume":"43","author":"Seshadri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-014-0200-9","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms involved in varicocoele-associated infertility","volume":"31","author":"Sheehan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Assist. Reprod. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)55876-2","article-title":"Detection of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in seminal plasma and elevated IL-8 in seminal plasma of infertile patients with leukospermia","volume":"59","author":"Shimoya","year":"1993","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)64916-6","article-title":"Cytokine polymorphisms in men with chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: association with diagnosis and treatment response","volume":"168","author":"Shoskes","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)62428-5","article-title":"Antisperm antibodies in cryptorchidism before and after surgery","volume":"160","author":"Sinisi","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0475","first-page":"279","article-title":"Extent of sperm DNA damage in spermatozoa from men examined for infertility. Relationship with oxidative stress","volume":"135","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Chil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-2927.2012.00024.x","article-title":"Fertility potential in men with a history of congenital undescended testes: a long-term follow-up study","volume":"1","author":"Van Brakel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0485","first-page":"9","article-title":"Cytokines in the BALB\/c mouse testis in various conditions","volume":"3","author":"Ver\u00e4j\u00e4nkorva","year":"2001","journal-title":"Asian J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0490","series-title":"Studies on Men Health and Fertility","first-page":"551","article-title":"Oxidative stress and infection","author":"Vicari","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12523","article-title":"Varicocele decreases epididymal neutral \u03b1-glucosidase and is associated with alteration of nuclear DNA and plasma membrane in spermatozoa","volume":"113","author":"Vivas-Acevedo","year":"2014","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12313","article-title":"Seminal plasma leptin and spermatozoon apoptosis in patients with varicocele and leucocytospermia","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.01.002","article-title":"The great debate: varicocele treatment and impact on fertility","volume":"95","author":"Will","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.12.058","article-title":"Apoptosis-related phenotype of ejaculated spermatozoa in patients with varicocele","volume":"91","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2013.01.026","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 gene polymorphism relationship to seminal variables in infertile men","volume":"81","author":"Zalata","year":"2013","journal-title":"Urology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Reproductive Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165037815000315?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165037815000315?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T10:23:16Z","timestamp":1717755796000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165037815000315"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"references-count":103,"alternative-id":["S0165037815000315"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0378","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cytokines in the male reproductive tract and their role in infertility disorders","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Reproductive Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}