{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:52:04Z","timestamp":1772121124207,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Reproductive Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T16:25:32Z","timestamp":1610123132000},"page":"103271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Inositol and vitamin D may naturally protect human reproduction and women undergoing assisted reproduction from Covid-19 risk"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Maria Salome","family":"Bezerra Espinola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Bertelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariano","family":"Bizzarri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vittorio","family":"Unfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio Simone","family":"Lagan\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Berniero","family":"Visconti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cesare","family":"Aragona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw412","article-title":"Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection during pregnancy: a report of 5 cases from Saudi Arabia","volume":"63","author":"Assiri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0010","first-page":"161","article-title":"Natural small molecules as inhibitors of coronavirus lipid-dependent attachment to host cells: a possible strategy for reducing SARS-COV-2 infectivity?","volume":"91","author":"Baglivo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(90)90034-G","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species and airway inflammation","volume":"9","author":"Barnes","year":"1990","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0020","first-page":"1","article-title":"Positive effect of a new supplementation of vitamin D(3) with myo-inositol, folic acid and melatonin on IVF outcomes: a prospective randomized and controlled pilot study","author":"Bezerra Espinola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0025","first-page":"3426","article-title":"Inositol and pulmonary function. Could myo-inositol treatment downregulate inflammation and cytokine release syndrome in SARS-CoV-2?","volume":"24","author":"Bizzarri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0030","first-page":"313","article-title":"The problems of vitamin d insufficiency in older people","volume":"3","author":"Boucher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001282","article-title":"A trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe Covid-19","volume":"382","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.1467","article-title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children and adolescents: a systematic review","author":"Castagnoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19450","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.467670","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor inhibits nuclear factor \u03baB activation by interacting with I\u03baB kinase \u03b2 protein","volume":"288","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30360-3","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records","volume":"395","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2013.05.011","article-title":"Potential role and therapeutic interests of myo-inositol in metabolic diseases","volume":"95","author":"Croze","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.65.S59","article-title":"Myo-Inositol for the Prevention of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. A Brief Review","volume":"65","author":"D\u2019anna","year":"2019","journal-title":". J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.03.021","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and pregnancy","volume":"222","author":"Dashraath","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100107","article-title":"Outcome of Coronavirus spectrum infections (SARS, MERS, COVID 1 -19) during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Di Mascio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2016.05.007","article-title":"Inositol induces mesenchymal-epithelial reversion in breast cancer cells through cytoskeleton rearrangement","volume":"345","author":"Dinicola","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-0840","article-title":"Inositol administration reduces oxidative stress in erythrocytes of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"166","author":"Don\u00e0","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1196-1","article-title":"Vitamin D and respiratory tract infections in childhood","volume":"15","author":"Esposito","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102951","article-title":"SARS-CoV2 vertical transmission with adverse effects on the newborn revealed through integrated immunohistochemical, electron microscopy and molecular analyses of Placenta","volume":"59","author":"Facchetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.02.002","article-title":"Inositols in polycystic ovary syndrome: an overview on the advances","volume":"31","author":"Facchinetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00970","article-title":"Could the Inhibition of Endo-Lysosomal Two-Pore Channels (TPCs) by the Natural Flavonoid Naringenin Represent an Option to Fight SARS-CoV-2 Infection?","volume":"11","author":"Filippini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0105","first-page":"1","article-title":"Health benefits of micronutrients (Vitamins and minerals) and their associated deficiency diseases: a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Godswill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0110","first-page":"12","article-title":"Evidence that vitamin d supplementation could reduce risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths","author":"Grant","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2020.05.009","article-title":"IL-6: relevance for immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"53","author":"Gubernatorova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-386960-9.00009-5","article-title":"Vitamin D effects on lung immunity and respiratory diseases","volume":"86","author":"Hansdottir","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vitam. Horm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7090","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.10.7090","article-title":"Respiratory epithelial cells convert inactive vitamin D to its active form: potential effects on host defense","volume":"181","author":"Hansdottir","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000366","article-title":"Inositol for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants","author":"Howlett","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000366.pub2","article-title":"Inositol for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants","author":"Howlett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0140","article-title":"Inositol in preterm infants at risk for or having respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Howlett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.01.009","article-title":"The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health - the latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China","volume":"91","author":"Hui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30345-4","article-title":"Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic response on intrapartum care, stillbirth, and neonatal mortality outcomes in Nepal: a prospective observational study","volume":"8","author":"Kc","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2010.0138","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in adults: when to test and how to treat","volume":"85","author":"Kennel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0160","article-title":"Effect of COVID-19 on maternal and neonatal services","author":"Khalil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1086\/654881","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of acute respiratory tract infection: a randomized, double-blinded trial among young Finnish men","volume":"202","author":"Laaksi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2018.09.001","article-title":"Inositol in polycystic ovary syndrome: restoring fertility through a pathophysiology-based approach","volume":"29","author":"Lagan\u00e0","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2606.200287","article-title":"Lack of vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, China","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":". Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.65.5.1815-1825.1999","article-title":"Osmoadaptation in archaea","volume":"65","author":"Martin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbior.2014.10.001","article-title":"Role of IP3 receptor signaling in cell functions and diseases","volume":"57","author":"Mikoshiba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Biol. Regul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7031933","article-title":"Vitamin D status and acute respiratory infection: cross sectional results from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001-2006","volume":"7","author":"Monlezun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.202000047","article-title":"Learning from the past: possible urgent prevention and treatment options for severe acute respiratory infections caused by 2019-nCoV","volume":"21","author":"Morse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chembiochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1910993","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of ebola virus disease therapeutics","volume":"381","author":"Mulangu","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269727000014226","article-title":"Hydroxyl radical scavenging properties of cyclitols","volume":"102","author":"Orthen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Edinburgh Sect. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0210","first-page":"e34","article-title":"Risks of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in pregnancy; a narrative review","volume":"8","author":"Panahi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphyslip.2014.09.002","article-title":"Composition, structure and mechanical properties define performance of pulmonary surfactant membranes and films","volume":"185","author":"Parra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lipids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2016.203","article-title":"Evolution of surfactant therapy for respiratory distress syndrome: past, present, and future","volume":"81","author":"Sardesai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2020-0901-SA","article-title":"An analysis of 38 pregnant women with COVID-19, their newborn infants, and maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: maternal coronavirus infections and pregnancy outcomes","author":"Schwartz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(89)80182-7","article-title":"Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of compatible solutes","volume":"28","author":"Smirnoff","year":"1989","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.106080","article-title":"COVID-19 treatment: close to a cure? - a rapid review of pharmacotherapies for the novel coronavirus","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0240","first-page":"432","article-title":"Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): an emerging infectious disease in the 21st century","volume":"22","author":"Tavakoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"ISMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2032","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2032","article-title":"The interplay between vitamin D and viral infections","volume":"29","author":"Teymoori-Rad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.3COVR0520-272R","article-title":"Cytokine storm and leukocyte changes in mild versus severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: review of 3939 COVID-19 patients in China and emerging pathogenesis and therapy concepts","volume":"108","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-0528.2003.03008.x","article-title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome and pregnancy","volume":"110","author":"Wong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bjog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0817-4","article-title":"Characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential evidence for persistent fecal viral shedding","volume":"26","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2018.11.016","article-title":"The evolution of antiviral nucleoside analogues: a review for chemists and non-chemists. Part II: complex modifications to the nucleoside scaffold","volume":"162","author":"Yates","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."}],"container-title":["Journal of Reproductive Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165037821000012?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165037821000012?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T04:26:37Z","timestamp":1759033597000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165037821000012"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S0165037821000012"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271","relation":{"has-translation":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.18370\/2309-4117.2021.58.113-117","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0165-0378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0378","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Inositol and vitamin D may naturally protect human reproduction and women undergoing assisted reproduction from Covid-19 risk","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Reproductive Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103271","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103271"}}