{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T21:11:29Z","timestamp":1789593089896,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012173","name":"China-Japan Friendship Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NO.ZRJY2025-QMPY05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NO.ZRJY2025-QMPY05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012173","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Reproductive Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T15:12:53Z","timestamp":1787411573000},"page":"104954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Ginsenoside Rb1 regulates macrophage-spermatocyte crosstalk by targeting the TNF-\u03b1\/NF-\u03baB\/IL-6 axis to alleviate sepsis-induced testicular injury"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"Zinan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyuan","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03862-5","article-title":"Biomarkers for sepsis: more than just fever and leukocytosis-a narrative review","volume":"26","author":"Barichello","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13513","article-title":"Role of serotonin, estrogen, and TNF-alpha in the paroxetine-impaired steroidogenesis and testicular macrophages polarization","volume":"12","author":"Beltrame","year":"2024","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioab014","article-title":"Current progress, challenges, and future prospects of testis organoids","volume":"104","author":"Cham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dagger Biol. Reprod."},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2023.10.380","article-title":"FKBP5 regulates trophoblast-macrophage crosstalk in recurrent spontaneous abortion through PI3K\/AKT and NF-\u03baB signaling pathways","volume":"209","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Free. Radic. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib5","article-title":"JPT2 Affects Trophoblast Functions and Macrophage Polarization and Metabolism, and Acts as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh. )"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222011078","article-title":"Research Progress in Chinese Herbal Medicines for Treatment of Sepsis: Pharmacological Action, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacokinetics","volume":"22","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106788","article-title":"Trophoblast-derived IL-6 serves as an important factor for normal pregnancy by activating Stat3-mediated M2 macrophages polarization","volume":"90","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2022.10.016","article-title":"Herbal formula BaWeiBaiDuSan alleviates polymicrobial sepsis-induced liver injury via increasing the gut microbiota Lactobacillus johnsonii and regulating macrophage anti-inflammatory activity in mice","volume":"13","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.67174","article-title":"Overexpression of S100A9 in obesity impairs macrophage differentiation via TLR4-NFkB-signaling worsening inflammation and wound healing","volume":"12","author":"Franz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1997.8518","article-title":"Stage-specific signals in germ line differentiation: control of Sertoli cell phagocytic activity by spermatogenic cells","volume":"184","author":"Grandjean","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15848","article-title":"Immune and vascular contributions to organogenesis of the testis and ovary","volume":"289","author":"Gu","year":"2022","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2021.10.009","article-title":"Nrf2 activation mediates the protection of mouse Sertoli Cells damage under acute heat stress conditions","volume":"177","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-021-00788-0","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 alleviates diabetic kidney podocyte injury by inhibiting aldose reductase activity","volume":"43","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8479","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00724-14","article-title":"Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-17 synergistically promote viral persistence by inhibiting cellular apoptosis and cytotoxic T cell function","volume":"88","author":"Hou","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.03.005","article-title":"Targeting macrophage immunometabolism: Dawn in the darkness of sepsis","volume":"58","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.155083","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 protects hippocampal neurons in depressed rats based on mitophagy-regulated astrocytic pyroptosis","volume":"121","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.14340","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 from Panax ginseng attenuates monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis by inhibiting miR-21-5p\/FGF18-mediated inflammation","volume":"46","author":"Luan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Food Biochem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1038\/s44321-023-00016-8","article-title":"Gasdermin D in macrophages drives orchitis by regulating inflammation and antigen presentation processes","volume":"16","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2021.11.003","article-title":"Testicular macrophages: development and function in health and disease","volume":"43","author":"Meinhardt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-019-03022-w","article-title":"Systemic LPS induces toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) expression and apoptosis in testicular mouse tissue","volume":"378","author":"Nejsum","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Tissue Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102363","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 inhibits astrocyte activation and promotes transfer of astrocytic mitochondria to neurons against ischemic stroke","volume":"54","author":"Ni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib22","first-page":"1554","article-title":"Sperm and testicular dysfunction during cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis in male rats and effects of tannic acid through reducing testicular oxidative stress and inflammation","volume":"24","author":"Pourmirzaei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Iran. J. Basic. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010053","article-title":"The Role of Mononuclear Phagocytes in the Testes and Epididymis","volume":"24","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1954-x","article-title":"IL-6-driven FasL promotes NF-\u03baBp65\/PUMA-mediated apoptosis in portal hypertensive gastropathy","volume":"10","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Death Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00009.2020","article-title":"Sperm bauplan and function and underlying processes of sperm formation and selection","volume":"102","author":"Teves","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den240","article-title":"Tumour necrosis factor-alpha released by testicular macrophages induces apoptosis of germ cells in autoimmune orchitis","volume":"23","author":"Theas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioy235","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide-induced testicular dysfunction and epididymitis in mice: a critical role of tumor necrosis factor alpha","volume":"100","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2013686117","article-title":"Two populations of self-maintaining monocyte-independent macrophages exist in adult epididymis and testis","volume":"118","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2548","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.3c00401","article-title":"Treponema pallidum Promotes the Polarization of M2 Subtype Macrophages to M1 Subtype Mediating the Apoptosis and Inhibiting the Angiogenesis of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-05274-x","article-title":"A dual Keap1 and p47(phox) inhibitor Ginsenoside Rb1 ameliorates high glucose\/ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell injury and atherosclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Death Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib32","first-page":"300","article-title":"Protective effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on septic rats and its mechanism","volume":"27","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. Environ. Sci."},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib33","article-title":"LncRNA AOC4P recruits TRAF6 to regulate EZH2 ubiquitination and participates in trophoblast glycolysis and M2 macrophage polarization which is associated with recurrent spontaneous abortion","volume":"125","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-02182-w","article-title":"Nanocomposites based on nanoceria regulate the immune microenvironment for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.05.003","article-title":"Potential application of ginseng in sepsis:: Applications of ginseng in sepsis","volume":"47","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ginseng Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.121.000712","article-title":"Resolvin conjugates in tissue regeneration 1 promote alveolar fluid clearance by activating alveolar epithelial sodium channels and Na, K-ATPase in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury","volume":"379","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib37","first-page":"3859","article-title":"Antinociceptive effects of Ginsenoside Rb1 in a rat model of cancer-induced bone pain","volume":"17","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.05.004","article-title":"Roles of ginsenosides in sepsis","volume":"47","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ginseng Res."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.7560","article-title":"Fluid therapy for critically Ill adults with sepsis: a review","volume":"329","author":"Zampieri","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S348866","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 Protects Against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Regulating the Adipocytokine Pathway","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e11686","article-title":"The role of macrophages in reproductive-related diseases","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3793","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO03130B","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 alleviated concanavalin A-induced hepatocyte pyroptosis by activating mitophagy","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13329","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 enhances atherosclerotic plaque stability by skewing macrophages to the M2 phenotype","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib44","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 Ameliorates Diabetic Arterial Stiffening via AMPK Pathway","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00816-9","article-title":"Signaling pathways and intervention therapies in sepsis","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal. Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-021-2080-x","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 inhibits oxidative stress-induced ovarian granulosa cell injury through Akt-FoxO1 interaction","volume":"65","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. China Life Sci."}],"container-title":["Journal of Reproductive Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165037826001233?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165037826001233?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T20:59:58Z","timestamp":1789592398000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165037826001233"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S0165037826001233"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0378","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ginsenoside Rb1 regulates macrophage-spermatocyte crosstalk by targeting the TNF-\u03b1\/NF-\u03baB\/IL-6 axis to alleviate sepsis-induced testicular injury","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Reproductive Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jri.2026.104954","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104954"}}