{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T07:35:27Z","timestamp":1792395327923,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jsams.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.10.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]],"date-time":"2022-05-03T02:17:12Z","timestamp":1651544232000},"page":"445-448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["The \u2018training load\u2019 construct: Why it is appropriate and scientific"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Franco M.","family":"Impellizzeri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie C.","family":"Jeffries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asaf","family":"Weisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron J.","family":"Coutts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"McCall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaun J.","family":"McLaren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judd","family":"Kalkhoven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.10.013_bb0005","first-page":"00212","article-title":"Misuse of the term \u2018load\u2019 in sport and exercise science","volume":"S1440\u20132440","author":"Staunton","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.10.013_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117701","article-title":"Spirituality as a scientific construct: testing its universality across cultures and languages","volume":"10","author":"MacDonald","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.10.013_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1080\/15366360802035513","article-title":"Constructs, concepts and the worlds of possibility: connecting the measurement, manipulation, and meaning of variables","volume":"6","author":"Markus","year":"2008","journal-title":"Meas Interdiscip Res Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.10.013_bb0020","series-title":"Social Science Research: Principles, Methods and Practices","author":"Bhattacherjee","year":"2012"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.10.013_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-3984.1983.tb00209.x","article-title":"Toward a theory of construct definition","volume":"20","author":"Stenner","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Educ Meas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.10.013_bb0030","series-title":"The Developmental Scientist's Companion: Improving Research Methodology and Achieving Professional Success","article-title":"Defining constructs and variables","author":"Reznick","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.10.013_bb0035","series-title":"Quantitative Research in Education: A Primer","article-title":"Concepts, variables, and research problems","author":"Hoy","year":"2010"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.10.013_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00167530","article-title":"On the conceptualization of theoretical constructs","volume":"25","author":"Middendorp","year":"1991","journal-title":"Qual Quant"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.10.013_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.2307\/2093949","article-title":"Theoretical concepts and observables","volume":"35","author":"Willer","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am Sociol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.10.013_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11229-021-03261-x","article-title":"Conceptual engineering and operationalism in psychology","author":"Vessonen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Synthese"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.10.013_bb0055","first-page":"1","article-title":"What is conceptual engineering and what should it be?","author":"Chalmers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inquiry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.10.013_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.3196\/004433019825852376","article-title":"Fixing language. An essay on conceptual engineering","volume":"73","author":"Cappelen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Z Philos Forsch"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.10.013_bb0065","first-page":"1","article-title":"Terminology and measurement in exercise performance","volume":"1","author":"Knuttgen","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.10.013_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.2307\/1415841","article-title":"The operational basis of psychology","volume":"47","author":"Stevens","year":"1935","journal-title":"Am J Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.10.013_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2736(199708)34:6<655::AID-TEA7>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"The role of scientific terminology in research and teaching: is something important missing?","volume":"34","author":"Sljako","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Res Sci Teach"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.10.013_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-019-02341-3","article-title":"A conceptual map of health-related quality of life dimensions: key lessons for a new instrument","volume":"29","author":"Olsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.10.013_bb0085","series-title":"The Routledge Handbook of Youth Physical Activity","article-title":"Global surveillance of cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal fitness","author":"Lang","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.10.013_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1037\/h0040957","article-title":"Construct validity in psychological tests","volume":"52","author":"Cronbach","year":"1955","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.10.013_bb0095","article-title":"Development of a revised conceptual framework of physical training for use in research and practice","author":"Jeffries","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.10.013_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0830-z","article-title":"The relationships between internal and external measures of training load and intensity in team sports: a meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"McLaren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1440244021004692?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1440244021004692?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T17:54:36Z","timestamp":1761414876000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1440244021004692"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1440244021004692"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.10.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["1440-2440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1440-2440","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The \u2018training load\u2019 construct: Why it is appropriate and scientific","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.10.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.08.013","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}