{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T20:25:07Z","timestamp":1789244707436,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]],"date-time":"2023-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jsams.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,6]],"date-time":"2023-05-06T01:58:47Z","timestamp":1683338327000},"page":"S54-S63","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"S1","title":["Monitoring cognitive function in the fatigued warfighter: A rapid review of cognitive biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Luana C.","family":"Main","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larisa T.","family":"McLoughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawn D.","family":"Flanagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria C.","family":"Canino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siobhan","family":"Banks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usy323","article-title":"Self-reported sleep, anxiety, and cognitive performance in a sample of U.S. Military active duty and veterans","volume":"184","author":"Rice","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0010","article-title":"Sleep restriction and cognitive load affect performance on a simulated marksmanship task","volume":"28","author":"*Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01123-8","article-title":"The effects of sleep loss on military physical performance","volume":"49","author":"Grandou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2020.01.004","article-title":"Sleep duration and musculoskeletal injury incidence in physically active men and women: a study of U.S. Army Special Operation Forces soldiers","volume":"6","author":"Grier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0025","first-page":"10","article-title":"Sleep disturbances and predictors of nondeployability among active-duty Army soldiers: an odds ratio analysis of medical healthcare data from fiscal year 2018","volume":"7","author":"Devine","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mil Med Res"},{"issue":"236","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0030","article-title":"Impact of simulated military operational stress on executive function relative to trait resilience, aerobic fitness, and neuroendocrine biomarkers","volume":"2021","author":"*Beckner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obhdp.2005.05.002","article-title":"Cognitive processes in planning and judgements under sleep deprivation and time pressure","volume":"98","author":"*Kobbeltvedt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Organ Behav Hum Decis Process"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1217-9","article-title":"Effects of caffeine, sleep loss, and stress on cognitive performance and mood during U. S. Navy SEAL training","volume":"164","author":"*Lieberman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.11.014","article-title":"Severe decrements in cognition function and mood induced by sleep loss, heat, dehydration, and undernutrition during simulated combat","volume":"57","author":"*Lieberman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0050","first-page":"929","article-title":"Cognition during sustained operations: comparison of a laboratory simulation to field studies","volume":"77","author":"*Lieberman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.3357\/ASEM.2431.2009","article-title":"Cognitive function and mood during acute cold stress after extended military training and recovery","volume":"80","author":"*Lieberman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.037","article-title":"Cognitive function, stress hormones, heart rate and nutritional status during simulated captivity in military survival training","volume":"165","author":"*Lieberman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1080\/08995605.2011.550222","article-title":"A comparison of expert ratings and self-assessments of situation awareness during a combat fatigue course","volume":"23","author":"*Matthews","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mil Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-58-7808","article-title":"Effect of carbohydrate administration on recovery from stress-induced deficits in cognitive function: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of soldiers exposed to survival school stress","volume":"174","author":"*Morgan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2014.924572","article-title":"The effects of anxiety and exercise-induced fatigue on shooting accuracy and cognitive performance in infantry soldiers","volume":"57","author":"*Nibbeling","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0080","first-page":"240","article-title":"The role of blood glucose availability and fatigue in the development of cognitive impairment during combat training","volume":"75","author":"*Owen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1159\/000077369","article-title":"Declarative memory impairments following a military combat course: parallel neuropsychological and biochemical investigations","volume":"49","author":"*Pi\u00e9rard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.11.011","article-title":"Immunoendocrine alterations following Marine Corps Martial Arts training are associated with changes in moral cognitive processes","volume":"154","author":"*Siedlik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2017.04.002","article-title":"The effects of captivity survival training on mood, dissociation, PTSD symptoms, cognitive performance and stress hormones","volume":"117","author":"*Suurd Ralph","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0100","article-title":"Recovery of cognitive performance following multi-stressor military training","author":"*Tait","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum Factors"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.3357\/ASEM.2503.2009","article-title":"Physiological and psychological effects of escape from a sunken submarine on shore and at sea","volume":"80","author":"*Trousselard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1518\/001872007X215728","article-title":"Effects of sleep loss on team decision making: motivational loss of movtivational gain?","volume":"49","author":"*Baranski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Factors"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2015.1028064","article-title":"Voluntary sleep choice and its effects on Bayesian decisions","volume":"14","author":"*Dickinson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav Sleep Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-014-3834-5","article-title":"Caffeine improves reaction time, vigilance and logical reasoning during extended periods with restricted opportunities for sleep","volume":"232","author":"*Kamimori","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"7,Sect2,Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0125","first-page":"C92","article-title":"Visual perception, psychomotor performance, and complex motor performance during an overnight air refueling simulated flight","volume":"76","author":"*Russo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720820907450","article-title":"Physical and cognitive load effects due to a powered lower-body exoskeleton","volume":"62","author":"*Bequette","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Factors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.06.014","article-title":"Effect of load carriage and natural terrain conditions on cognitive performance in desert environments","volume":"179","author":"*Bhattacharyya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"issue":"5, Sect II, Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0145","first-page":"B51","article-title":"The effects of movement and physical exertion on soldier vigilance","volume":"78","author":"*Mahoney","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2013.832805","article-title":"Defining soldier equipment trade space: load effects on combat marksmanship and perception\u2013action coupling","volume":"56","author":"*Palmer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.3357\/AMHP.4709.2017","article-title":"Cognitive deterioration in moderate and severe hypobaric hypoxia conditions","volume":"88","author":"*Beer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aerospace Med Human Perform"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.3357\/AMHP.5022.2018","article-title":"Acute mild hypoxic hypoxia effects on cognitive and simulated aircraft pilot performance","volume":"89","author":"*Bouak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aerospace Med Human Perform"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0165","first-page":"40","article-title":"Performance and health effects of mild hypoxic hypoxia in simulated 6-hour exposures between 2,438 and 3,048 metres","volume":"5","author":"*Bouak","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Mil Vet Fam Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2011.09.004","article-title":"Effects of four workplace lighting technologies on perception, cognition and affective state","volume":"42","author":"*Hawes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Ind Ergon"},{"issue":"5, Sect II, Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0175","first-page":"B268","article-title":"Field assessment and enhancement of cognitive performance: development of an ambulatory vigilance monitor","volume":"78","author":"Lieberman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00680","article-title":"Prior mental fatigue impairs marksmanship decision performance","volume":"8","author":"Head","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720816671604","article-title":"The effect of soldier marching, rucksack load, and heart rate on marksmanship","volume":"59","author":"Tenan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Factors"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2014.975811","article-title":"Mental fatigue negatively influences manual dexterity and anticipation timing but not repeated high-intensity exercise performance in trained adults","volume":"23","author":"Duncan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91324.2008","article-title":"Mental fatigue impairs physical performance in humans","volume":"106","author":"Marcora","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-0946-9","article-title":"Mental fatigue impairs endurance performance: a physiological explanation","volume":"48","author":"Martin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0672-0","article-title":"The effects of mental fatigue on physical performance: a systematic review","volume":"47","author":"Van Cutsem","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-152-17","article-title":"Risk factors for initial and subsequent core or lower extremity sprain or strain among collegiate football players","volume":"54","author":"McDonald","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.07.002","article-title":"Neurocognitive function and musculoskeletal injury risk in sports: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Wilke","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507299532","article-title":"The relationship between neurocognitive function and noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries","volume":"35","author":"Swanik","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2021.1962983","article-title":"Circulating biomarkers associated with performance and resilience during military operational stress","volume":"22","author":"Beckner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1440244023000798?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1440244023000798?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T17:55:50Z","timestamp":1761414950000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1440244023000798"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S1440244023000798"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1440-2440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1440-2440","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Monitoring cognitive function in the fatigued warfighter: A rapid review of cognitive biomarkers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.04.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Sports Medicine Australia.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}