{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T17:47:33Z","timestamp":1788976053766,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007323","name":"Bundesinstitut f\u00fcr Sportwissenschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZMVI4-070404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZMVI4-070404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002714","name":"Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t Freiburg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002714","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jsams.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T17:40:24Z","timestamp":1739295624000},"page":"521-527","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Health problems in elite Para athletes \u2014 A prospective cohort study of 53,739 athlete days"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Aglaja","family":"Busch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva Johanna","family":"Kubosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Leonhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Verena","family":"Meidl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berit","family":"Bretthauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Dallmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Steffen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Hirschmueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100170","article-title":"High incidence of injuries at the Pyeongchang 2018 Paralympic Winter Games: a prospective cohort study of 6804 athlete days","volume":"54","author":"Derman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097962","article-title":"Sport, sex and age increase risk of illness at the Rio 2016 Summer Paralympic Games: a prospective cohort study of 51 198 athlete days","volume":"52","author":"Derman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orthtr.2014.01.001","article-title":"Verletzungen und Uberlastungsbeschwerden der deutschen paralympischen Athleten bei den Sommerspielen 2012 in London","volume":"30","author":"Hirschm\u00fcller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sports Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.5960\/dzsm.2021.487","article-title":"Health problems in german paralympic athletes preparing for the 2020 Tokyo Paralympic Games","volume":"72","author":"Busch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dtsch Z Sportmed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000001501","article-title":"Injury and illness surveillance in elite Para athletes: an urgent need for suitable illness prevention strategies","volume":"100","author":"Hirschm\u00fcller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13687","article-title":"Injuries and illnesses in Swedish Paralympic athletes\u2014a 52-week prospective study of incidence and risk factors","volume":"30","author":"Fagher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2023.101511","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of health problems and their characteristics in Brazilian para athletes: a one-season single-center prospective pilot study","volume":"17","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Disabil Health J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-104489","article-title":"Illness and injury among Norwegian Para athletes over five consecutive Paralympic Summer and Winter Games cycles: prevailing high illness burden on the road from 2012 to 2020","volume":"56","author":"Steffen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096040","article-title":"How do training and competition workloads relate to injury? The workload\u2013injury aetiology model","volume":"51","author":"Windt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orthtr.2017.02.003","article-title":"Implementation eines Injury and Illness Surveillance Systems im paralympsichen Leistungssport - Machbarkeitsstudie am Beispiel des Nationalkaders Radsport","volume":"33","author":"Kubosch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sports Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101337","article-title":"Improved reporting of overuse injuries and health problems in sport: an update of the Oslo Sport Trauma Research Center questionnaires","volume":"54","author":"Clarsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096669","article-title":"German translation and content validation of the OSTRC Questionnaire on overuse injuries and health problems","volume":"51","author":"Hirschm\u00fcller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orthtr.2019.05.002","article-title":"Implementation of a web-based questionnaire to record injuries, illnesses and mental health of athletes with disabilities \u2014 a pilot phase","volume":"35","author":"Busch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101969","article-title":"International Olympic Committee consensus statement: methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport 2020 (including STROBE Extension for Sport Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS))","volume":"54","author":"Bahr","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-103464","article-title":"Para sport translation of the IOC consensus on recording and reporting of data for injury and illness in sport","volume":"55","author":"Derman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e318057518f","article-title":"The sport medicine diagnostic coding system","volume":"17","author":"Meeuwisse","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-092087","article-title":"The Oslo sports trauma research center questionnaire on health problems: a new approach to prospective monitoring of illness and injury in elite athletes","volume":"48","author":"Clarsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005_bb0090","author":"R Core Team"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005_bb0095","series-title":"Modeling Count Data","author":"Hilbe","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-103717","article-title":"Methods, challenges and benefits of a health monitoring programme for Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic athletes \u2014 the road from London 2012 to Tokyo 2020","volume":"55","author":"Clarsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005_bb0105","author":"Heinze"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027127","article-title":"Model selection and psychological theory: a discussion of the differences between the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and the Bayesian information criterion (BIC)","volume":"17","author":"Vrieze","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2018.03.008","article-title":"Sex differences in common sports injuries","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"PM&R"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2008.09.007","article-title":"Sex-specific health deterioration and mortality: the morbidity\u2013mortality paradox over age and time","volume":"43","author":"Kulminski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005_bb0125","first-page":"8","article-title":"Getting the most out of intensive longitudinal data: a methodological review of workload-injury studies","author":"Windt","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2022.870692","article-title":"Mental health in German Paralympic athletes during the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to a general population sample","volume":"4","author":"Busch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Sports Act Living"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106312","article-title":"Incidence and burden of illness at the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games held during the COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective cohort study of 66 045 athlete days","volume":"57","author":"Derman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005_bb0140","first-page":"11","article-title":"More than 50 long-term effects of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Lopez-Leon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2018-0935","article-title":"Internal and external training load: 15 years on","volume":"14","author":"Impellizzeri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2021-001119","article-title":"Not straightforward: modelling non-linearity in training load and injury research","volume":"7","author":"Bache-Mathiesen","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2022-001342","article-title":"Assessing the cumulative effect of long-term training load on the risk of injury in team sports","volume":"8","author":"Bache-Mathiesen","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091729","article-title":"Categorising sports injuries in epidemiological studies: the subsequent injury categorisation (SIC) model to address multiple, recurrent and exacerbation of injuries","volume":"48","author":"Finch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1440244025000052?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1440244025000052?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T02:38:01Z","timestamp":1778812681000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1440244025000052"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1440244025000052"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1440-2440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1440-2440","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Health problems in elite Para athletes \u2014 A prospective cohort study of 53,739 athlete days","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.01.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Sports Medicine Australia.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}