{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T12:06:26Z","timestamp":1775217986118,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jsams.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T06:37:46Z","timestamp":1759300666000},"page":"360-367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Consensus-based guidelines for intervention protocols targeting the foot spring mechanism during landing: A modified Delphi study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1598-2345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ceridwen R.","family":"Radcliffe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2747-6634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas A.T.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5999-4001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phil","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9572-097X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerushah J.","family":"Bull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liz J.","family":"Bayley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1229-0802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aurora","family":"Castro-M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6875-9385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise","family":"Drysdale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6720-1961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominic J.","family":"Farris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9284-2915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alycia Fong","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0098-7656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melinda M.","family":"Franettovich Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2829-1615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie","family":"Fuller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2552-5762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan-Peter","family":"Goldmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5024-700X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael E.","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7366-907X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire E.","family":"Hiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7574-0519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annie C.","family":"Jeffries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason J.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4599-8439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jayishni N.","family":"Maharaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5536-2509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Nova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9878-0484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan J.","family":"Mayes AM","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5561-9394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward P.","family":"Mulligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carina M.","family":"Nasrallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7003-2057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazunori","family":"Okamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0323-6129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kade","family":"Paterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1975-0181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah T.","family":"Ridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3454-2049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Strasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3057-3742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6207-8829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wayne A.","family":"Spratford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"150","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2018.0680","article-title":"The foot is more than a spring: human foot muscles perform work to adapt to the energetic requirements of locomotion","volume":"16","author":"Riddick","year":"2019","journal-title":"J R Soc Interface"},{"issue":"288","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0010","article-title":"The extensibility of the plantar fascia influences the windlass mechanism during human running","volume":"2021","author":"Welte","year":"1943","journal-title":"Proc R Soc B"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0015","first-page":"760","article-title":"Current concepts of plyometric exercise","volume":"10","author":"Davies","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-002-0716-z","article-title":"Exhausting stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) exercise causes greater impairment in SSC performance than in pure concentric performance","volume":"88","author":"Horita","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1249\/00003677-198401000-00006","article-title":"Physiological and biomechanical correlates of muscle function: effects of muscle structure and stretch\u2014shortening cycle on force and speed","volume":"12","author":"Komi","year":"1984","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01150.2009","article-title":"Plyometric training effects on Achilles tendon stiffness and dissipative properties","volume":"109","author":"Four\u00e9","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2008.00853.x","article-title":"Effects of plyometric training on passive stiffness of gastrocnemii and the musculo-articular complex of the ankle joint","volume":"19","author":"Four\u00e9","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"93","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2013.1188","article-title":"Intrinsic foot muscles have the capacity to control deformation of the longitudinal arch","volume":"11","author":"Kelly","year":"2014","journal-title":"J R Soc Interface"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12999","article-title":"Chasing footprints in time\u2013reframing our understanding of human foot function in the context of current evidence and emerging insights","volume":"9","author":"Behling","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol Rev"},{"issue":"6100","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1038\/325147a0","article-title":"The spring in the arch of the human foot","volume":"325","author":"Ker","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001765","article-title":"The role of the midfoot in drop landings","volume":"51","author":"Olsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.242263","article-title":"The energetic function of the human foot and its muscles during accelerations and decelerations","volume":"224","author":"Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2020.109853","article-title":"Regulation of foot and ankle quasi-stiffness during human hopping across a range of frequencies","volume":"108","author":"Kessler","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0070","first-page":"941","article-title":"Evidence of intrinsic foot muscle training in improving foot function: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"Jaffri","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2012.736627","article-title":"The potential of toe flexor muscles to enhance performance","volume":"31","author":"Goldmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2020.01.007","article-title":"Effects of a foot strengthening program on foot muscle morphology and running mechanics: a proof-of-concept, single-blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"42","author":"Taddei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2019-0529","article-title":"Jump-rope training: improved 3-km time-trial performance in endurance runners via enhanced lower-limb reactivity and foot-arch stiffness","volume":"15","author":"Garc\u00eda-Pinillos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2023.05.010","article-title":"Effects of intrinsic foot muscle strengthening on the medial longitudinal arch mobility and function: a systematic review","volume":"36","author":"de Souza","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-210374","article-title":"The effects of short foot exercises to treat flat foot deformity: a systematic review","volume":"36","author":"Hara","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000004232","article-title":"A multidisciplinary approach to game day preparation for team sports: a Delphi study with expert consensus","volume":"36","author":"Mason","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216317690685","article-title":"Guidance on Conducting and REporting DElphi Studies (CREDES) in palliative care: recommendations based on a methodological systematic review","volume":"31","author":"J\u00fcnger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2573","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-018-0313-9","article-title":"A Delphi study to build consensus on the definition and use of big data in obesity research","volume":"43","author":"Vogel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181915670","article-title":"Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults","volume":"41","author":"American College of Sports Medicine","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0120","series-title":"American College of Sports Medicine\u2019s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription","article-title":"ACSM\u2019s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription","author":"Riebe","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qual Res Physchol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0130","author":"AILYZE Inc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0135","first-page":"92","article-title":"The ethics of using artificial intelligence in qualitative research","volume":"19","author":"Marshall","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Empir Res Hum Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/19424280.2012.744361","article-title":"Athletic training with minimal footwear strengthens toe flexor muscles","volume":"5","author":"Goldmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Footwear Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0000000000000576","article-title":"Sports training principles","volume":"18","author":"Kasper","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Sports Med Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-022-00431-0","article-title":"Effects of plyometric training on lower body muscle architecture, tendon structure, stiffness and physical performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Ram\u00edrez-delaCruz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sports Med - Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318213fefb","article-title":"Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise","volume":"43","author":"Garber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-1016-9","article-title":"Protocol for evaluating the effects of a therapeutic foot exercise program on injury incidence, foot functionality and biomechanics in long-distance runners: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Matias","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2016.10.005","article-title":"Efficacy of a progressive resistance exercise program to increase toe flexor strength in older people","volume":"40","author":"Mickle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"issue":"119","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2016.0174","article-title":"Shoes alter the spring-like function of the human foot during running","volume":"13","author":"Kelly","year":"2016","journal-title":"J R Soc Interface"}],"container-title":["Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1440244025004438?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1440244025004438?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T11:29:52Z","timestamp":1775215792000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1440244025004438"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1440244025004438"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1440-2440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1440-2440","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Consensus-based guidelines for intervention protocols targeting the foot spring mechanism during landing: A modified Delphi study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2025.09.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Sports Medicine Australia.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}