{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T21:39:12Z","timestamp":1792618752033,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jsams.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T15:30:35Z","timestamp":1791473435000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lower extremity plyometric training reduces elbow varus torque and increases ball velocity in adolescent baseball pitchers"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Han-Soo","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Ho","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2015.01.003","article-title":"Common medial elbow injuries in the adolescent athlete","volume":"28","author":"Leahy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546520905543","article-title":"What can a jump tell us about elbow injuries in professional baseball pitchers?","volume":"48","author":"Mayberry","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0015","article-title":"Outcomes and return to sport after ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction in adolescent baseball players","volume":"6","author":"Saper","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514524699","article-title":"Risk-prone pitching activities and injuries in youth baseball findings from a national sample","volume":"42","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3858","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465221150507","article-title":"Return to sport after nonoperative management of elbow ulnar collateral ligament injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Gopinatth","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0030","first-page":"150","article-title":"Developmental changes in the youth athlete: implications for movement, skills acquisition, performance and injuries","volume":"62","author":"Corso","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Can Chiropr Assoc"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509336721","article-title":"Correlation of throwing mechanics with elbow valgus load in adult baseball pitchers","volume":"37","author":"Aguinaldo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671221130340","article-title":"Influence of pelvic rotation on lower extremity kinematics, elbow varus torque, and ball velocity in professional baseball pitchers","volume":"10","author":"Dowling","year":"2022","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671241257539","article-title":"Influence of lead knee extension on ball velocity and elbow varus torque in professional and high school baseball pitchers","volume":"12","author":"Dowling","year":"2024","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2013.4680","article-title":"Baseball players diagnosed with ulnar collateral ligament tears demonstrate decreased balance compared to healthy controls","volume":"43","author":"Garrison","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1515\/hukin-2017-0088","article-title":"Balance training programs in athletes \u2014 a systematic review","volume":"58","author":"Brachman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hum Kinet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.20463\/pan.2022.0001","article-title":"Plyometric training effects on physical fitness and muscle damage in high school baseball players","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phys Act Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0070","first-page":"760","article-title":"Current concepts of plyometric exercise","volume":"10","author":"Davies","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-45.4.392","article-title":"Balance training for neuromuscular control and performance enhancement: a systematic review","volume":"45","author":"Zech","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2017.6980","article-title":"Balance training enhances motor coordination during a perturbed sidestep cutting task","volume":"47","author":"Oliveira","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000832","article-title":"The relationship between various jump tests and baseball pitching performance: a brief review","volume":"46","author":"Lis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Strength Cond J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e5661","article-title":"Consort 2010 statement: extension to cluster randomised trials","volume":"345","author":"Campbell","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","article-title":"G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences","volume":"39","author":"Faul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2025.2499403","article-title":"Sample size estimation revisited","volume":"43","author":"Abt","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000827","article-title":"Effect of vertical, horizontal, and combined plyometric training on explosive, balance, and endurance performance of young soccer players","volume":"29","author":"Ramirez-Campillo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2605","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181b1f330","article-title":"Effects of in-season plyometric training within soccer practice on explosive actions of young players","volume":"23","author":"Meylan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.52082\/jssm.2024.593","article-title":"The effect of strength and balance training on kinesiophobia, ankle instability, function, and performance in elite adolescent soccer players with functional ankle instability: a prospective cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"23","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518770619","article-title":"Predictors of elbow torque among youth and adolescent baseball pitchers","volume":"46","author":"Okoroha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3030","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546517719047","article-title":"The relationship of throwing arm mechanics and elbow varus torque: within-subject variation for professional baseball pitchers across 82,000 throws","volume":"45","author":"Camp","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3094","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465211029017","article-title":"Are wearable sensors valid and reliable for studying the baseball pitching motion? An independent comparison with marker-based motion capture","volume":"49","author":"Camp","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002160","article-title":"Relationships between countermovement jump ground reaction forces and jump height, reactive strength index, and jump time","volume":"32","author":"Barker","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3103","DOI":"10.1080\/14763141.2023.2205380","article-title":"Collegiate baseball pitchers demonstrate a relationship between ball velocity and elbow varus torque, both within and across pitchers","volume":"23","author":"Sakurai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sports Biomech"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3374","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465221119194","article-title":"Determinants of biomechanical efficiency in collegiate and professional baseball pitchers","volume":"50","author":"Crotin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2004.04.010","article-title":"Kinetic chain contributions to elbow function and dysfunction in sports","volume":"23","author":"Ben Kibler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967119827924","article-title":"Segmental power analysis of sequential body motion and elbow valgus loading during baseball pitching: comparison between professional and high school baseball players","volume":"7","author":"Aguinaldo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31817e0f92","article-title":"Balance training improves function and postural control in those with chronic ankle instability","volume":"40","author":"McKeon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738110362656","article-title":"The kinetic chain in overhand pitching: its potential role for performance enhancement and injury prevention","volume":"2","author":"Seroyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2021.699251","article-title":"Comparison of kinematic sequences during curveball and fastball baseball pitches","volume":"3","author":"Scarborough","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Sports Act Living"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000004261","article-title":"Combined countermovement jump testing and motion analysis as the future of performance assessment for baseball pitchers: a narrative review","volume":"37","author":"Sakurai","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2022.107484","article-title":"Effects of plyometric jump training on soccer player\u2019s balance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials","volume":"39","author":"Clemente","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol Sport"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000832","article-title":"The effects of plyometric type neuromuscular training on postural control performance of male team basketball players","volume":"29","author":"Asadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14103502","article-title":"Effect of hop-stabilization training on ankle instability and function of adolescent female basketball players with chronic ankle instability: a double-blind, prospective, cluster-randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1440244026006092?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1440244026006092?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T21:00:58Z","timestamp":1792616458000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1440244026006092"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S1440244026006092"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1440-2440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1440-2440","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Lower extremity plyometric training reduces elbow varus torque and increases ball velocity in adolescent baseball pitchers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2026.10.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}