{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T18:32:34Z","timestamp":1777919554080,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]],"date-time":"2012-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]],"date-time":"2012-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T13:19:09Z","timestamp":1328102349000},"page":"204-210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Problem recognition, intention to stop use, and treatment use among regular heroin injectors"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Trenz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Typhanye","family":"Penniman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Scherer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Zur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Latimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01379.x","article-title":"Some characteristics of early-onset injection drug users prior to and at the time of their first injection","volume":"101","author":"Abelson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1177\/002204260203200405","article-title":"Drug dependence among recently initiated injection drug users","volume":"32","author":"Arria","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Drug Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0015","first-page":"129","article-title":"Drug abuse treatment success among needle exchange participants","volume":"113","author":"Booner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Public Health Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1080\/10826080801914154","article-title":"Increasing retention of African-American women on welfare in outpatient substance user treatment using low-magnitude incentives","volume":"43","author":"Bride","year":"2008","journal-title":"Substance Use & Misuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq479","article-title":"Trends in human immunodeficiency virus incidence and risk behavior among injection drug users in Montreal, Canada: A 16-year longitudinal study","volume":"173","author":"Bruneau","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(98)00142-2","article-title":"HIV prevalence and risk behaviors among new initiates into injection drug use over the age of 40 years old","volume":"54","author":"Carneiro","year":"1999","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0035","series-title":"HIV in the United States","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(98)00021-0","article-title":"Predictors of cessation of marijuana use: An even history analysis","volume":"50","author":"Chen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.5.566","article-title":"Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV drug abuse and dependence in the United States: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions","volume":"64","author":"Compton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1747-597X-2-14","article-title":"Examining smoking and cessation during pregnancy among an Appalachian sample: A preliminary review","volume":"2","author":"Cottrell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(98)00028-3","article-title":"Self-report among injection drug users: A review","volume":"51","author":"Darke","year":"1998","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/10826080601174678","article-title":"\u201cHeavy users,\u201d \u201ccontrolled users,\u201d and \u201cquitters\u201d: Understanding patterns of crack use among women in a Midwestern city","volume":"42","author":"Daniulaityte","year":"2007","journal-title":"Substance Use & Misuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0737-1209.2004.021211.x","article-title":"Evaluation of needle exchange programs","volume":"21","author":"Delgado","year":"2004","journal-title":"Public Health Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2006.12.034","article-title":"Motivation and the stages of change among individuals with severe mental illness and substance abuse disorders","volume":"34","author":"DiClemente","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2008.59.11.1285","article-title":"Race\u2013ethnicity and diagnosis as predictors of outpatient service use among treatment indicators","volume":"59","author":"Elwy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2003.02178","article-title":"Effects of race, neighborhood, and social network on age at initiation of injection drug use","volume":"95","author":"Fuller","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01681.x","article-title":"Readiness for change and drug use outcomes after treatment","volume":"102","author":"Gossop","year":"2007","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(00)00104-5","article-title":"Reduced injection frequency and increased entry and retention in drug treatment associated with needle-exchange participation in Seattle drug injectors","volume":"19","author":"Hagan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.18.2.106","article-title":"The predictive validity of the University of Rhode Island change assessment questionnaire in a heroin-addicted polysubstance abuse sample","volume":"18","author":"Henderson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.5.503","article-title":"A 33-year follow-up of narcotics addicts","volume":"58","author":"Hser","year":"2001","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318050d260","article-title":"Needle exchange and injection-related risk behaviors in Chicago: A longitudinal study","volume":"45","author":"Huo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318186dee3","article-title":"Needle exchange and sexual risk behaviors among a cohort of injection drug users in Chicago, Illinois","volume":"36","author":"Huo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.3109\/10826089809058950","article-title":"The substance use system: Social and neighborhood environments associated with substance use and misuse","volume":"33","author":"Kadushin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Substance Use & Misuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66475-6","article-title":"Safer injection facility use and syringe sharing in injection drug users","volume":"366","author":"Kerr","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2008.59.8.893","article-title":"Service utilization differences for Axis I psychiatric and substance use disorders between White and Black adults","volume":"59","author":"Keyes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02560.x","article-title":"Improving substance abuse treatment enrollment in community syringe exchangers","volume":"104","author":"Kidorf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.06.008","article-title":"A treatment reengagement intervention for syringe exchangers","volume":"41","author":"Kidorf","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2010.11.011","article-title":"Benefits of concurrent syringe exchange and substance abuse treatment participation","volume":"40","author":"Kidorf","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(94)01082-V","article-title":"Using social network analysis to study patterns of drug use among urban drug users at high risk for HIV\/AIDS","volume":"38","author":"Latkin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Dependend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120801982897","article-title":"Unprotected casual sex and perceived risk of contracting HIV among drug users in Baltimore, Maryland: Evaluating the influence of non-injection versus injection drug user status","volume":"21","author":"Mitchell","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0150","first-page":"63","article-title":"Welfare reform and substance abuse treatment for welfare recipients","volume":"29","author":"Morgenstern","year":"2006","journal-title":"Alcohol Research & Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2008.04.015","article-title":"The health encounter as a treatable moment for homeless substance-using adults: The role of homelessness, health seeking behavior, readiness for behavior change and motivation for treatment","volume":"33","author":"O'Toole","year":"2008","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0160","series-title":"SPSS survival manual","author":"Pallant","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.061762","article-title":"Welfare receipt and substance-abuse treatment among low-income mothers: The impact of welfare reform","volume":"96","author":"Pollack","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/10826080701205661","article-title":"Gender differences in the impact of social support on crack use among African Americans","volume":"43","author":"Riehman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2010.02.012","article-title":"The association between executive functioning and motivation to enter treatment among regular users of heroin and\/or cocaine in Baltimore, MD","volume":"35","author":"Severtson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2005.10399817","article-title":"Correlates of initiation of injection drug use among drug users in Baltimore, Maryland: The need for early intervention","volume":"37","author":"Sherman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0185","series-title":"PASW Statistics 17","author":"SPSS","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1747-597X-5-23","article-title":"Persistence of low drug treatment coverage for injection drug users in large US metropolitan areas","volume":"5","author":"Tempalski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0195","author":"U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0200","author":"U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(00)00133-1","article-title":"Motivation for change and psychological distress in homeless substance abusers","volume":"19","author":"Velasquez","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0210","first-page":"75","article-title":"The role of needle exchange programs in HIV prevention","volume":"113","author":"Vlahov","year":"1998","journal-title":"Public Health Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1081\/JA-120017389","article-title":"Violence, homelessness, and HIV risk among crack-using African American women","volume":"38","author":"Wechsberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Substance Use & Misuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001_bb0220","first-page":"532","article-title":"Smoking in urban African Americans: Behaviors, gender differences, and motivation to quit","volume":"11","author":"Woods","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ethnicity & Disease"}],"container-title":["Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0740547211002583?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0740547211002583?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T19:37:00Z","timestamp":1760038620000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0740547211002583"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0740547211002583"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0740-5472"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0740-5472","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Problem recognition, intention to stop use, and treatment use among regular heroin injectors","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.12.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}