{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T15:43:44Z","timestamp":1779291824371,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01 DA022122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DA022122"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K02 DA033139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K02 DA033139"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K01 DA038529"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01 DA038529"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K24 DA017072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24 DA017072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,14]],"date-time":"2016-01-14T10:03:21Z","timestamp":1452765801000},"page":"61-65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"special_numbering":"C","title":["An Exploratory Factor Analysis of a Brief Self-Report Scale to Detect Neurocognitive Impairment Among Participants Enrolled in Methadone Maintenance Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Copenhaver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4340-3101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Wickersham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Damian","family":"Weikum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederick L.","family":"Altice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60829-X","article-title":"Treatment of medical, psychiatric, and substance-use comorbidities in people infected with HIV who use drugs","volume":"376","author":"Altice","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-010-9684-1","article-title":"Neurocognitive impairment and HIV risk factors: A reciprocal relationship","volume":"14","author":"Anand","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS and Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.06.006","article-title":"Neuropsychological consequences of chronic opioid use: A quantitative review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Baldacchino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.20.3.241","article-title":"Cognitive impairment influences drinking outcome by altering therapeutic mechanisms of change","volume":"20","author":"Bates","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.1999.10471732","article-title":"Neurocognitive dysfunction in dually-diagnosed patients: A potential roadblock to motivating behavior change","volume":"31","author":"Blume","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0030","series-title":"Reading and understanding multivariate statistics","first-page":"99","article-title":"Principal-components analysis and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis","author":"Bryant","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2003.10400002","article-title":"Intervening effectively with drug abusers infected with HIV: Taking into account the potential for cognitive impairment","volume":"35","author":"Copenhaver","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2902","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-013-0539-4","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of the community-friendly health recovery program (CHRP) among high-risk drug users in treatment","volume":"17","author":"Copenhaver","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS and Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2000.9556874.x","article-title":"Cognitive impairment among methadone maintenance patients","volume":"95","author":"Darke","year":"2000","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2011.608794","article-title":"The influence of neurocognitive impairment on HIV treatment outcomes among drug-involved people living with HIV\/AIDS","volume":"24","author":"Ezeabogu","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.5.1.39","article-title":"Ability to counselors to detect cognitive impairment among substance-abusing patients: An examination of diagnostic efficiency","volume":"5","author":"Fals-Stewart","year":"1997","journal-title":"Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0060","series-title":"IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22","author":"IBM Corp","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000125","article-title":"Challenges in managing HIV in people who use drugs","volume":"28","author":"Kamarulzaman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0070","first-page":"372","volume":"44","author":"Loeber","year":"2009","journal-title":"Impairment of cognitive abilities and decision making after chronic use of alcohol: The impact of multiple detoxifications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990802308239","article-title":"Neuropsychological functioning of opiate-dependent patients: A nonrandomized comparison of patients preferring either buprenorphine or methadone maintenance treatment","volume":"34","author":"Loeber","year":"2008","journal-title":"The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.14.6.367.24075","article-title":"Risk behaviors by audio computer-assisted self-interviews among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative injection drug users","volume":"14","author":"Macalino","year":"2002","journal-title":"AIDS Education and Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(02)00013-3","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in methadone maintenance patients","volume":"67","author":"Mintzer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1999.60.846","article-title":"Effects of executive function impairment on change processes and substance use outcomes in 12-step treatment","volume":"60","author":"Morgenstern","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Studies on Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbq043","article-title":"The prospective relationships among intrinsic motivation, neurocognition, and psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia","volume":"36","author":"Nakagami","year":"2010","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.15.3.317","article-title":"Neuropsychological effects of chronic methamphetamine use on neurotransmitters and cognition: A review","volume":"15","author":"Nordahl","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.2174\/1874473710902020143","article-title":"Neuropsychological consequences of HIV and substance abuse: A literature review and implications for treatment and future research","volume":"2","author":"Norman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Current Drug Abuse Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0130","series-title":"The Neuropsychological Impairment Scale (NIS) manual","author":"O\u2019Donnell","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(199305)49:3<372::AID-JCLP2270490311>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the revised Neuropsychological Impairment Scale (NIS)","volume":"49","author":"O'Donnell","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(198403)40:2<553::AID-JCLP2270400229>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of the Neuropsychological Impairment Scale (NIS)","volume":"40","author":"O'Donnell","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(198309)39:5<746::AID-JCLP2270390517>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Neuropsychological Impairment Scale (NIS): Initial validation study using trailmaking test (A & B) and WAIS Digit Symbol (scaled score) in a mixed grouping of psychiatric, neurological, and normal patients","volume":"39","author":"O'Donnell","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(198403)40:2<549::AID-JCLP2270400228>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the Neuropsychological Impairment Scale (NIS)","volume":"40","author":"O'Donnell","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6904-7-5","article-title":"Methadone vs. buprenorphine\/naloxone during early opioid substitution treatment: A naturalistic comparison of cognitive performance relative to healthy controls","volume":"7","author":"Rapeli","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Clinical Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-6-9","article-title":"Cognitive function during early abstinence from opioid dependence: A comparison to age, gender, and verbal intelligence matched controls","volume":"6","author":"Rapeli","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0145","first-page":"9","article-title":"Evidence of specific cognitive deficits in patients with chronic low back pain under long-term substitution treatment of opioids","volume":"17","author":"Schiltenwolf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283437f9a","article-title":"HIV-1 infection and cognitive impairment in the cART era: A review","volume":"25","author":"Schouten","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0155","first-page":"17","article-title":"Sex-related differences in self-reported neurocognitive impairment among high-risk cocaine users in methadone maintenance treatment program","volume":"9","author":"Shrestha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000262035.87304.89","article-title":"Alcohol consumption, mild cognitive impairment, and progression to dementia","volume":"68","author":"Solfrizzi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.07.003","article-title":"Characterizing the cognitive effects of cocaine: A comprehensive review","volume":"37","author":"Spronk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041152","article-title":"Effects of moderate alcohol consumption on cognitive function in women","volume":"352","author":"Stampfer","year":"2005","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0175","series-title":"Results from the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of national findings","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2004.11.006","article-title":"Neuropsychological functioning in methadone maintenance patients versus abstinent heroin abusers","volume":"78","author":"Verdejo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1023\/B:NERV.0000026647.71528.83","article-title":"Clinical implications and methodological challenges in the study of the neuropsychological correlates of cannabis, stimulant, and opioid abuse","volume":"14","author":"Verdejo-Garc\u00eda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2014.71","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in cocaine users is drug-induced but partially reversible: Evidence from a longitudinal study","volume":"39","author":"Vonmoos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-3204.30.2.317","article-title":"Neurocognitive aspects of substance abuse treatment: A psychotherapist's primer","volume":"30","author":"Weinstein","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training"}],"container-title":["Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0740547216000155?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0740547216000155?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T19:44:00Z","timestamp":1760039040000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0740547216000155"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S0740547216000155"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0740-5472"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0740-5472","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An Exploratory Factor Analysis of a Brief Self-Report Scale to Detect Neurocognitive Impairment Among Participants Enrolled in Methadone Maintenance Therapy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}