{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T18:50:45Z","timestamp":1787683845683,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,1]],"date-time":"2017-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,1]],"date-time":"2017-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,29]],"date-time":"2017-01-29T00:45:20Z","timestamp":1485650720000},"page":"49-57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A pilot randomized trial of exercise as adjunct therapy in a heroin-assisted treatment setting"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Flora","family":"Colledge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Vogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"D\u00fcrsteler-Macfarland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Strom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Schoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"P\u00fchse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Gerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.037","article-title":"Does physical activity protect against drug abuse vulnerability?","volume":"153","author":"Bardo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(00)00065-4","article-title":"Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research","volume":"2","author":"Bastien","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sleep Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-1130(00)80052-6","article-title":"Validity of the Dexter Evaluation System's Jamar dynamometer attachment for assessment of hand grip strength in a normal population","volume":"13","author":"Bellace","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Hand Therapy"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e318148c19a","article-title":"Exercise and pharmacotherapy in the treatment of major depressive disorder","volume":"69","author":"Blumenthal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"issue":"6846","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.305.6846.160","article-title":"Validating the SF-36 health survey questionnaire: new outcome measure for primary care","volume":"305","author":"Brazier","year":"1992","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mhpa.2010.03.001","article-title":"A pilot study of aerobic exercise as an adjunctive treatment for drug dependence","volume":"3","author":"Brown","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mental Health and Physical Activity"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017465","article-title":"Aerobic exercise training reduces cannabis craving and use in non-treatment seeking cannabis-dependent adults","volume":"6","author":"Buchowski","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1007\/s001030050034","article-title":"Erfassung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualit\u00e4t mit dem SF-36-Health Survey. [journal article]","volume":"43","author":"Bullinger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0045","series-title":"Handbuch Heroingest\u00fctzte Behandlung. Richtlinien, Empfehlungen, Information","author":"Bundesamt f\u00fcr Gesundheit","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0050","series-title":"Handbuch Diacetylmorphingest\u00fctzte Behandlung. Richtlinien und Erl\u00e4uterungen zu den gesetzlichen Bestimmungen","author":"Bundesamt f\u00fcr Gesundheit","year":"2015"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/0899-3289(92)90047-2","article-title":"Batter up! Relapse prevention for homeless veteran substance abusers via softball team participation","volume":"4","author":"Burling","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2850.2004.00751.x","article-title":"Exercise: A neglected intervention in mental health care?","volume":"11","author":"Callaghan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0065","first-page":"126","article-title":"Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: Definitions and distinctions for health-related research","volume":"100","author":"Caspersen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Public Health Report."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0070","series-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404","article-title":"A global measure of perceived stress","volume":"24","author":"Cohen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behaviour"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.2190\/HV5J-4EYN-GPP7-Y3QG","article-title":"Physical fitness effects on substance abuse risk factors and use patterns","volume":"21","author":"Collingwood","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Drug Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0085","article-title":"Exercise for depression","volume":"9","author":"Cooney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB","article-title":"International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity","volume":"35","author":"Craig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2014.05.007","article-title":"A pilot trial of a videogame-based exercise program for methadone maintained patients","volume":"47","author":"Cutter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1406143","article-title":"Trends in opioid analgesic abuse and mortality in the United States","volume":"372","author":"Dart","year":"2015","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000201","article-title":"Exercise training improves heart rate variability after methamphetamine dependency","volume":"46","author":"Dolezal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0b013e318282475e","article-title":"Eight weeks of exercise training improves fitness measures in methamphetamine-dependent individuals in residential treatment","volume":"7","author":"Dolezal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Addiction Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-007-9198-y","article-title":"Heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) a decade later: A brief update on science and politics","volume":"84","author":"Fischer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Urban Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.0541","article-title":"Effect of moderate to vigorous physical activity on all-cause mortality in middle-aged and older Australians","volume":"175","author":"Gebel","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0125","series-title":"Allgemeine Depressions-Skala","author":"Hautzinger","year":"1993"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0130","first-page":"574","article-title":"Maximal oxygen uptake as a parametric measure of cardiorespiratory capacity","volume":"39","author":"Hawkins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Medine & Science in Sports & Exercise"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0135","series-title":"Resultate der Erhebung 2014","article-title":"Heroingest\u00fctzte Behandlung in der Schweiz","author":"Hiltebrand","year":"2015"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2011.11.025","article-title":"Validity of Timeline Follow-Back for self-reported use of cannabis and other illicit substances \u2014 Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Hjorth\u00f8j","year":"2012","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-094306","article-title":"Even a low-dose of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity reduces mortality by 22% in adults aged \u226560years: A systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Hupin","year":"2015","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0150","series-title":"Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with substance use disorders","author":"Kleber","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-8-115","article-title":"Validity of the international physical activity questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF): A systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1026\/0012-1924.54.2.61","article-title":"Screening depressiver St\u00f6rungen mittels Allgemeiner Depressions-Skala (ADS-K) und State-Trait Depressions Scales (STDS-T)","volume":"54","author":"Lehr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diagnostica"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0170","first-page":"50","article-title":"Use of qigong therapy in the detoxification of heroin addicts","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2002","journal-title":"Alternative Therapy in Health and Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2014.976708","article-title":"Exercise-based treatments for substance use disorders: Evidence, theory, and practicality","volume":"41","author":"Linke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Amercian Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.06.011","article-title":"Exercise as a novel treatment for drug addiction: A neurobiological and stage-dependent hypothesis","volume":"37","author":"Lynch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2011.10.001","article-title":"The multi-factor structure of the Brief Self-Control Scale: Discriminant validity of restraint and impulsivity","volume":"46","author":"Maloney","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Personality"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2013.11.010","article-title":"Exercise for methamphetamine dependence: Rationale, design, and methodology","volume":"37","author":"Mooney","year":"2014","journal-title":"Contemporary Clinical Trials"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/34.5.601","article-title":"The Insomnia Severity Index: Psychometric indicators to detect insomnia cases and evaluate treatment response","volume":"34","author":"Morin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3939","article-title":"The dopamine theory of addiction: 40years of highs and lows","volume":"16","author":"Nutt","year":"2015","journal-title":"National Review of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-012-0003-z","article-title":"The effect of exercise on the cardiovascular risk factors constituting the metabolic syndrome: A meta-analysis of controlled trials","volume":"43","author":"Pattyn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000154900.76284.F6","volume":"111","author":"Pickering","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.56.3.324","article-title":"Integrating physical activity into mental health services for persons with serious mental illness","volume":"56","author":"Richardson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2161-1882.2006.tb00100.x","article-title":"Further psychometric support for the 10-item version of the Perceived Stress Scale","volume":"9","author":"Roberti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of College Counseling"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.331","article-title":"Effect of exercise training on striatal dopamine D2\/D3 receptors in methamphetamine users during behavioral treatment","volume":"41","author":"Robertson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810371249","article-title":"Exercise treatment for drug abuse\u2014A Danish pilot study","volume":"38","author":"Roessler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.13r08765","article-title":"Physical activity interventions for people with mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"75","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2006.04.018","article-title":"Grip strength predicts cause-specific mortality in middle-aged and elderly persons","volume":"120","author":"Sasaki","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(79)90025-1","article-title":"Reliability of alcohol abusers' self-reports of drinking behavior","volume":"17","author":"Sobell","year":"1979","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0250","series-title":"Timeline followback: A calendar method for assessing alcohol and drug use. Paper presented at the Addiction Research Foundation","author":"Sobell","year":"1996"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-3506.2004.00263.x","article-title":"High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success","volume":"72","author":"Tangney","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Personality"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.01.009","article-title":"Exercise-based rehabilitation for patients with coronary heart disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"116","author":"Taylor","year":"2004","journal-title":"The American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-12-206","article-title":"Stimulant reduction intervention using dosed exercise (STRIDE) - CTN 0037: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Trivedi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.2165\/11531930-000000000-00000","article-title":"Physical activity questionnaires for adults: A systematic review of measurement properties","volume":"40","author":"van Poppel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.8.1181","article-title":"Drug abuse and mental illness: Progress in understanding comorbidity","volume":"158","author":"Volkow","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2014.890765","article-title":"Understanding prolonged cessation from heroin use: Findings from a community-based sample","volume":"46","author":"Weiss","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.30.5.471","article-title":"Exercise, affect, and adherence: An integrated model and a case for self-paced exercise","volume":"30","author":"Williams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Sport, Exercise & Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901741","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/901741","article-title":"Exercise and physical activity in the therapy of substance use disorders","volume":"2012","author":"Zschucke","year":"2012","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.2013.46.S.S12","article-title":"Exercise and physical activity in mental disorders: Clinical and experimental evidence","volume":"46","author":"Zschucke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health"}],"container-title":["Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0740547216301945?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0740547216301945?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T19:45:29Z","timestamp":1760039129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0740547216301945"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["S0740547216301945"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0740-5472"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0740-5472","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A pilot randomized trial of exercise as adjunct therapy in a heroin-assisted treatment setting","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}