{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T14:05:57Z","timestamp":1785247557289,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008439","name":"Texas Christian University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008439","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,30]],"date-time":"2019-03-30T11:26:45Z","timestamp":1553945205000},"page":"23-32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The role of physical and psychological health problems in the drug use treatment process"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"George W.","family":"Joe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne E.K.","family":"Lehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace A.","family":"Rowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick M.","family":"Flynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2001.tb00310.x","article-title":"Interpreting scores on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10)","volume":"25","author":"Andrews","year":"2001","journal-title":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0010","series-title":"Diagnostic source book on drug abuse research and treatment","first-page":"35","article-title":"Assessment of medical history, health status, intoxication, and withdrawal","author":"Barker","year":"1993"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(96)00033-2","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist (PCL)","volume":"34","author":"Blanchard","year":"1996","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.08.002","article-title":"Motivational interviewing to improve treatment engagement and outcome in individuals seeking treatment for substance abuse: A multisite effectiveness study","volume":"81","author":"Carroll","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.6.1147","article-title":"Risk factors for depression among elderly community subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"160","author":"Cole","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.01.003","article-title":"Program, counselor, and patient variability in the alliance: A multilevel study of the alliance in relation to substance use outcomes","volume":"40","author":"Crits-Christoph","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(94)90023-X","article-title":"Alcohol and drug abusers' reasons for seeking treatment","volume":"19","author":"Cunningham","year":"1994","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.58.3.310","article-title":"Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation for smoking cessation","volume":"58","author":"Curry","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.3.447","article-title":"Disparities in trends of hospitalization for potentially preventable chronic conditions among African Americans during the 1990s: Implications and benchmarks","volume":"93","author":"Davis","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0050","series-title":"Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior","author":"Deci","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0055","series-title":"Treating addictive behaviors","first-page":"3","article-title":"Toward a comprehensive transtheoretical model of change: Stages of change and addictive behaviors","author":"DiClemente","year":"1998"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0899-3289(95)90303-8","article-title":"Treatment services in two national studies of community-based drug abuse treatment programs","volume":"7","author":"Etheridge","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.11.4.230","article-title":"Methodological overview and research design for the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS)","volume":"11","author":"Flynn","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(02)00323-X","article-title":"Predictors of follow-up health status in Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS)","volume":"69","author":"Friedmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854807304345","article-title":"Measuring offender attributes and engagement in treatment using the Client Evaluation of Self and Treatment","volume":"34","author":"Garner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Criminal Justice and Behavior"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.01.011","article-title":"The Washington circle engagement performance measures\u2019 association with adolescent treatment outcomes","volume":"124","author":"Garnick","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.173.2.166","article-title":"Substance use, health and social problems of service users at 54 drug treatment agencies: Intake data from the National Treatment Outcome Research Study","volume":"173","author":"Gossop","year":"1998","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1081\/ADA-120018840","article-title":"Self-reported health status among treated methamphetamine users","volume":"29","author":"Greenwell","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0095","series-title":"Cocaine treatment: Research and clinical perspectives","first-page":"136","article-title":"Relapse to cocaine use: Conceptual issues","author":"Havassy","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.3.4.424","article-title":"Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification","volume":"3","author":"Hu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychological Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.11.4.261","article-title":"Overview of 1-year follow-up outcomes in the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS)","volume":"11","author":"Hubbard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(02)00232-5","article-title":"Measuring patient attributes and engagement in treatment","volume":"22","author":"Joe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199511000-00006","article-title":"Psychological problems and engagement in treatment","volume":"183","author":"Joe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1998.93811776.x","article-title":"Effects of readiness for drug abuse treatment on client retention and assessment of process","volume":"93","author":"Joe","year":"1998","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(99)00088-5","article-title":"Retention and patient engagement models for different treatment modalities in DATOS","volume":"57","author":"Joe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/10826089109056235","article-title":"Unmet service needs in methadone maintenance","volume":"26","author":"Joe","year":"1991","journal-title":"International Journal of the Addictions"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.2.184","article-title":"Screening for serious mental illness in the general population","volume":"60","author":"Kessler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0140","series-title":"Treatment of drug offenders: Policies and issues","first-page":"259","article-title":"Screening and referral for substance-abuse treatment in the criminal justice system","author":"Knight","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2015.05.007","article-title":"Evaluation of WaySafe: A disease-risk reduction curriculum for substance-abusing offenders","volume":"58","author":"Lehman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0150","first-page":"168","article-title":"Key issues in treatment outcome studies","volume":"12","author":"Longabaugh","year":"1988","journal-title":"Alcohol Health and Research World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0155","series-title":"Vital and Health Statistics","article-title":"Summary health statistics for U.S. adults: National Health Interview Survey, 2001","volume":"10(218)","author":"Lucas","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.1.2.130","article-title":"Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling","volume":"1","author":"MacCallum","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychological Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0165","series-title":"Relapse and recovery in drug abuse","first-page":"136","article-title":"Explaining relapse to opiate addiction following successful completion of treatment","author":"McAuliffe","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0170","series-title":"Motivational interviewing: Preparing people to change addictive behavior","author":"Miller","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0175","series-title":"Motivational interviewing: Preparing people to change addictive behavior","author":"Miller","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0180","series-title":"Principles of drug addiction treatment: A research-based guide","author":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0185","series-title":"Beyond the therapeutic alliance: Keeping the drug-dependent individual in treatment","first-page":"181","article-title":"Establishing and maintaining a therapeutic alliance with substance abuse patients: A cognitive therapy approach","author":"Newman","year":"1997"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.1988.10472506","article-title":"Can alcoholism and other drug addiction problems be treated away or is the current treatment binge doing more harm than good?","volume":"20","author":"Peele","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.3.2.143","article-title":"Neurovascular complications of cocaine abuse","volume":"3","author":"Peterson","year":"1991","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0200","series-title":"Heroin addiction: Theory, research, and treatment","author":"Platt","year":"1986"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230500286039","article-title":"The characteristics of heroin users entering treatment: Findings from the Australian Treatment Outcome Study (ATOS)","volume":"24","author":"Ross","year":"2005","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1177\/1078345816653871","article-title":"A brief assessment for HIV risk: The TCU HVHP Form","volume":"22","author":"Rowan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Correctional Health Care"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1080\/10509674.2012.633019","article-title":"Brief trauma and mental health assessments for female offenders in addiction treatment","volume":"51","author":"Rowan-Szal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Offender Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(94)00072-7","article-title":"Initial motivations for alcohol treatment: Relations with patient characteristics, treatment involvement, and dropout","volume":"20","author":"Ryan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v23n02_05","article-title":"Concurrent alcohol and cocaine dependence impact on physical health among psychiatric patients","volume":"23","author":"Salloum","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Addictive Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0230","series-title":"SAS\/STAT user's guide","author":"SAS Institute Inc","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0235","series-title":"A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling","author":"Schumacker","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2004.06.001","article-title":"A conceptual framework for drug treatment process and outcomes","volume":"27","author":"Simpson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-3204.30.2.357","article-title":"Motivation as a predictor of early dropout from drug abuse treatment","volume":"30","author":"Simpson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychotherapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2004.03.001","article-title":"A longitudinal evaluation of treatment engagement and recovery stages","volume":"27","author":"Simpson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.6.507","article-title":"A national evaluation of treatment outcomes for cocaine dependence","volume":"56","author":"Simpson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1080\/10509674.2012.633024","article-title":"Texas Christian University (TCU) short forms for assessing client needs and functioning in addiction treatment","volume":"51","author":"Simpson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Offender Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(97)00181-5","article-title":"Drug abuse treatment process components that improve retention","volume":"14","author":"Simpson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854807304347","article-title":"Gender differences in treatment engagement among a sample of incarcerated substance abusers","volume":"34","author":"Staton-Tindall","year":"2007","journal-title":"Criminal Justice and Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0275","series-title":"Relapse and recovery in drug abuse","first-page":"72","article-title":"Multivariate description of alcoholism careers: A 10 year follow-up","author":"Taylor","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0280","series-title":"Relapse and recovery in drug abuse (NIDA Research Monograph 72, DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1473)","year":"1986"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-8343(02)00203-7","article-title":"Validation of the PTSD checklist in an HMO sample of women","volume":"24","author":"Walker","year":"2002","journal-title":"General Hospital Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0290","series-title":"Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies","article-title":"The PTSD Checklist (PCL): Reliability, validity, and diagnostic utility","author":"Weathers","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02475.x","article-title":"Changes and predictors of change in the physical health status of heroin users over 24 months","volume":"104","author":"Williamson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0300","first-page":"1172","article-title":"Severity of psychiatric symptoms as a predictor of benefits from psychotherapy: The Veterans Administration-Penn study","volume":"141","author":"Woody","year":"1984","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MLR.0000044912.06499.4C","article-title":"Dangerous to your health: The role of chronic drug use in serious injuries and trauma","volume":"41","author":"Zavala","year":"2003","journal-title":"Medical Care"}],"container-title":["Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0740547219300881?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0740547219300881?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T19:49:48Z","timestamp":1760039388000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0740547219300881"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["S0740547219300881"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0740-5472"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0740-5472","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The role of physical and psychological health problems in the drug use treatment process","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}