{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T08:58:14Z","timestamp":1785315494147,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T02:01:23Z","timestamp":1606960883000},"page":"108228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Treatment admissions for opioids, cocaine, and methamphetamines among adolescents and emerging adults after legalization of recreational marijuana"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Mennis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald J.","family":"Stahler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2019.106212","article-title":"Trends in college students\u2019 alcohol, nicotine, prescription opioid, and other drug use after recreational marijuana legalization: 2008\u20132018","author":"Alley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.1720","article-title":"Association of marijuana laws with teen marijuana use: New estimates from the youth risk behavior surveys","volume":"173","author":"Anderson","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0015","series-title":"Mostly harmless econometrics","author":"Angrist","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anselin, L. (1988). Spatial econometrics: Methods and models. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-7799-1"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0025","series-title":"Methamphetamine: A regional drug crisis","author":"Artigiani","year":"2018"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2017.303848","article-title":"Crash fatality rates after recreational marijuana legalization in Washington and Colorado","volume":"107","author":"Aydelotte","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14939","article-title":"Initial and longer term marijuana use trends among college students following recreational marijuana legalization: 2008\u20132018","author":"Bae","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-018-0933-2","article-title":"Adolescent marijuana use, marijuana-related perceptions, and use of other substances before and after initiation of retail marijuana sales in Colorado, 2013\u20132015","volume":"20","author":"Brooks-Russell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prevention Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1162\/rest.90.3.414","article-title":"Bootstrapped-based improvements for inference with clustered errors","volume":"90","author":"Cameron","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Review of Economics and Statistics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.3254","article-title":"Association between recreational marijuana legalization in the United States and changes in marijuana use and cannabis use disorder from 2008 to 2016","volume":"77","author":"Cerda","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.10.021","article-title":"Medical marijuana laws and adolescent use of marijuana and other illicit substances: Alcohol, cigarettes, prescription drugs, and other illicit drugs","volume":"183","author":"Cerda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.3624","article-title":"Association of state recreational marijuana laws with adolescent marijuana use","volume":"17","author":"Cerda","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1086\/684043","article-title":"Do medical marijuana laws increase hard-drug use?","volume":"58","author":"Chu","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Journal of Law & Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1162\/REST_a_00049","article-title":"Inference with \u201cdifference in differences\u201d with a small number of policy changes","volume":"93","author":"Conley","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Review of Economics and Statistics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.4458","article-title":"Prevalence of cannabis use in youths after legalization in Washington State","volume":"173","author":"Dilley","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2005.01322.x","article-title":"Cannabis use and other illicit drug use: Testing the cannabis gateway hypothesis","volume":"101","author":"Fergusson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0085","series-title":"Geographically weighted regression: The analysis of spatially varying relationships","author":"Fotheringham","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0090","series-title":"Variation in performance of commonly used statistical methods for estimating effectiveness of state-level opioid policies on opioid-related mortality (no. w27029)","author":"Griffin","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2017.1334069","article-title":"Adolescent marijuana use and perceived ease of access before and after recreational marijuana implementation in Colorado","volume":"53","author":"Harpin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Substance Use and Misuse"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb7000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1177\/0160017619869781","article-title":"A spatial perspective on the econometrics of program evaluation","volume":"43","author":"Kolak","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Regional Science Review"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222577","article-title":"Substitution of marijuana for opioids in a national survey of US adults","volume":"14","author":"Ishida","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.1769","article-title":"Change in traffic fatality rates in the first 4 states to legalize recreational marijuana","author":"Kamer","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Internal Medicine."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1188374","article-title":"Stages in adolescent involvement in drug use","volume":"190","author":"Kandel","year":"1975","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0115","series-title":"Local models for spatial analysis","author":"Lloyd","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.4.427","article-title":"Escalation of drug use in early-onset cannabis users vs. co-twin controls","volume":"289","author":"Lynskey","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/ectj.12107","article-title":"The wild bootstrap for few (treated) clusters","volume":"21","author":"MacKinnon","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Econometrics Journal"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2017.1311349","article-title":"Trends of youth marijuana treatment admissions: Increasing admissions contrasted with decreasing drug involvement","volume":"52","author":"Marzell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Substance Use and Misuse"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-012-0353-7","article-title":"Peer attitudes effects on adolescent substance use: The moderating role of race and gender","volume":"15","author":"Mason","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prevention Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb9000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200156","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd17.200156","article-title":"Trends in adolescent treatment admissions for marijuana in the United States, 2008-2017","volume":"17","author":"Mennis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Preventing Chronic Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2015.12.007","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in outpatient substance use disorder treatment episode completion for different substances","volume":"63","author":"Mennis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.107960","article-title":"Adolescent treatment admissions for marijuana following recreational legalization in Colorado and Washington","volume":"210","author":"Mennis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2019.01.041","article-title":"How long does it take to complete outpatient substance use disorder treatment? Disparities among Blacks, Hispanics, and Whites in the US","volume":"93","author":"Mennis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00280.x","article-title":"Reassessing the marijuana gateway effect","volume":"97","author":"Morral","year":"2002","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0160","author":"NIDA (National Institute on Drug Abuse)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-013-0436-0","article-title":"Predictors of disapproval towards \u201chard drug\u201d use among high school seniors in the US","volume":"15","author":"Palamar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prevention Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2018.03.011","article-title":"Reefer madness or much about nothing? Cannabis legalization outcomes among young adults in the United States","volume":"56","author":"Parnes","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.05.006","article-title":"Adolescent exposure to cannabinoids induces long-lasting changes in the response to drugs of abuse of rat midbrain dopamine neurons","volume":"56","author":"Pistis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X19830877","article-title":"Fast and wild: Bootstrap inference in Stata using boottest","volume":"19","author":"Roodman","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Stata Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.2307\/3090214","article-title":"Neighborhood disadvantage, disorder and health","volume":"42","author":"Ross","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000327","article-title":"Legalization of recreational marijuana and community sales policy in Oregon: Impact on adolescent willingness and intent to use, parent use, and adolescent use","volume":"32","author":"Rusby","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.12.041","article-title":"Recent rapid decrease in adolescent\u2019s perception that marijuana is harmful, but not concurrent increase in use","volume":"186","author":"Sarvet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579404040015","article-title":"The transition to adulthood as a critical juncture in the course of psychopathology and mental health","volume":"16","author":"Schulenberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2014.07.011","article-title":"Probability and predictors of the cannabis gateway effect: A national study","volume":"26","author":"Secades-Villa","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-018-4782-2","article-title":"Impact of medical marijuana legalization on opioid use, chronic opioid use, and high-risk opioid use","volume":"34","author":"Shah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-017-0177-7","article-title":"Geospatial analysis of drug poisoning deaths involving heroin in the USA, 2000\u20132014","volume":"94","author":"Stewart","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Urban Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0220","first-page":"1075548","article-title":"Active cannabis marketing and adolescent past-year cannabis use","volume":"204","author":"Trangenstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2015.03.007","article-title":"The effect of medical marijuana laws on adolescent and adult use of marijuana, alcohol, and other substances","volume":"42","author":"Wen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Health Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-040617-013507","article-title":"Designing difference in differences studies: Best practices for public health policy research","volume":"39","author":"Wing","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annual Review of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2018.10.017","article-title":"Medical marijuana legalization and associated illicit drug use and prescription medication misuse among adolescents in the U.S.","volume":"90","author":"Wong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"}],"container-title":["Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0740547220304852?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0740547220304852?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T19:52:26Z","timestamp":1760039546000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0740547220304852"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0740547220304852"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228","relation":{},"ISSN":["0740-5472"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0740-5472","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Treatment admissions for opioids, cocaine, and methamphetamines among adolescents and emerging adults after legalization of recreational marijuana","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108228","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108228"}}