{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T10:01:39Z","timestamp":1782986499905,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000008","name":"Health Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1920-HQ-000031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1920-HQ-000031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000008","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T14:17:06Z","timestamp":1635430626000},"page":"108651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Beyond harm-producing versus harm-reducing: A qualitative meta-synthesis of people who use drugs' perspectives of and experiences with the extramedical use and diversion of buprenorphine"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Abhimanyu","family":"Sud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Salamanca-Buentello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Z.","family":"Buchman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Sabioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umair","family":"Majid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1177\/104973201129118948","article-title":"Buprenorphine: \u201cField trials\u201d of a new drug.","volume":"11","author":"Agar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Qualitative Health Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.08.002","article-title":"Non-prescribed buprenorphine in New York City: Motivations for use, practices of diversion, and experiences of stigma","volume":"70","author":"Allen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000633","article-title":"The ASAM National Practice Guideline for the treatment of opioid use disorder: 2020 focused update","volume":"14","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Addiction Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03014.x","article-title":"The global diversion of pharmaceutical drugs: Opiate treatment and the diversion of pharmaceutical opiates: A clinician\u2019s perspective","volume":"105","author":"Bell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"September","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0025","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reconsidering the usefulness of adding naloxone to buprenorphine","volume":"11","author":"Blazes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0030","author":"Bonn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005574918294","article-title":"Disciplining addictions: The bio-politics of methadone and heroin in the United States","volume":"24","author":"Bourgeois","year":"2000","journal-title":"Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.3109\/10826084.2014.888449","article-title":"Self-management of buprenorphine\/naloxone among online discussion board users","volume":"49","author":"Brown","year":"2014","journal-title":"Substance Use & Misuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990802122259","article-title":"Case series of buprenorphine injectors in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","volume":"34","author":"Bruce","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-018-4801-3","article-title":"Methadone matters: What the United States can learn from the global effort to treat opioid addiction","volume":"34","author":"Calcaterra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0055","series-title":"The drug effect: Health, crime and society","first-page":"122","article-title":"From \u2018magic bullets\u2019 to medical maintenance","author":"Campbell","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06352.x","article-title":"The history of the development of buprenorphine as an addiction therapeutic","volume":"1248","author":"Campbell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0065","series-title":"Safe supply. Concept document","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0070","series-title":"CRISM national guidelines for the clinical management of opioid use disorder","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2020.102722","article-title":"Unintentional drug overdose: Is more frequent use of non-prescribed buprenorphine associated with lower risk of overdose?","volume":"79","author":"Carlson","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000436","article-title":"The more things change: Buprenorphine\/naloxone diversion continues while treatment remains inaccessible","volume":"12","author":"Carroll","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Addiction Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0085","series-title":"Constructing grounded theory","author":"Charmaz","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.07.005","article-title":"Buprenorphine in the United States: Motives for abuse, misuse, and diversion","volume":"104","author":"Chilcoat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.09.007","article-title":"Understanding the use of diverted buprenorphine","volume":"193","author":"Cicero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.06.005","article-title":"Factors contributing to the rise of buprenorphine misuse: 2008\u20132013","volume":"142","author":"Cicero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0105","series-title":"Methadone maintenance treatment program standards and clinical guidelines","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0115","first-page":"85","article-title":"Buprenorphine dispensing in an epicenter of the U.S. opioid epidemic: A case study of the rural risk environment in Appalachian Kentucky","author":"Cooper","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E967","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.200191","article-title":"Toxicology and prescribed medication histories among people experiencing fatal illicit drug overdose in British Columbia, Canada","volume":"192","author":"Crabtree","year":"2020","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.09.029","article-title":"Illicit use of buprenorphine in a community sample of young adult non-medical users of pharmaceutical opioids","volume":"122","author":"Daniulaityte","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30337-7","article-title":"The global burden of disease attributable to alcohol and drug use in 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132016: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016","volume":"5","author":"Degenhardt","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2020.102901","article-title":"No \u201cback to normal\u201d after COVID-19 for our failed drug policies","volume":"83","author":"del Pozo","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108139","article-title":"Revising our attitudes towards agonist medications and their diversion in a time of pandemic","volume":"119","author":"del Pozo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.3685","article-title":"Buprenorphine deregulation and mainstreaming treatment for opioid use disorder: X the X waiver","volume":"76","author":"Fiscella","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0155","series-title":"Substance and substitution: Methadone subjects in liberal societies","author":"Fraser","year":"2008"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2012.759860","article-title":"Suboxone misuse along the opiate maintenance treatment pathway","volume":"32","author":"Furst","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Addictive Diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2014.950030","article-title":"Diffusion and diversion of suboxone: An exploration of illicit street opioid selling","volume":"33","author":"Furst","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Addictive Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-018-0151-8","article-title":"Challenges in implementing opioid agonist therapy in Lebanon: A qualitative study from a user\u2019s perspective","volume":"13","author":"Ghaddar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, & Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2005.07.001","article-title":"Recent trends in heroin supply to markets in Australia, the United States and Western Europe","volume":"16","author":"Gibson","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1177\/0306312702032001005","article-title":"Methadone: Six effects in search of a substance","volume":"32","author":"Gomart","year":"2002","journal-title":"Social Studies of Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1906680","article-title":"Abuses of FDA regulatory procedures \u2014 The case of suboxone","volume":"382","author":"Haffajee","year":"2020","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2003.014829","article-title":"Applying systematic review methods to studies of people\u2019s views: An example from public health research","volume":"58","author":"Harden","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2012.10.003","article-title":"Methadone diversion as a protective strategy: The harm reduction potential of \u201cgenerous constraints\u201d","volume":"24","author":"Harris","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1111\/maq.12232","article-title":"To be free and normal: Addiction, governance, and the therapeutics of buprenorphine","volume":"29","author":"Harris","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medical Anthropology Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-10-24","article-title":"Diversion\u201d of methadone or buprenorphine: \u2018Harm\u2019 versus \u2018helping","volume":"10","author":"Havnes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Harm Reduction Journal"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(00)00282-6","article-title":"Methadone-related fatalities in Hamburg 1990\u20131999: Implications for quality standards in maintenance treatment?","volume":"113","author":"Heinemann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Forensic Science International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0215","series-title":"Responsible self-medication","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0220","article-title":"\u201cIt\u2019s helped me a lot, just like to stay alive\u201d: A qualitative analysis of outcomes of a novel hydromorphone tablet distribution program in Vancouver, Canada","author":"Ivsins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Urban Health."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2014.960109","article-title":"Diversion of methadone and buprenorphine from opioid substitution treatment: A staff perspective","volume":"46","author":"Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2014.975617","article-title":"Diversion of methadone and buprenorphine from opioid substitution treatment: Patients who regularly sell or share their medication","volume":"34","author":"Johnson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Addictive Diseases"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.1511","article-title":"Methadone for opioid use disorder-decades of effectiveness but still miles away in the US","volume":"77","author":"Joudrey","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1177\/0022042620941796","article-title":"Motivations for diverted buprenorphine use in a multisite qualitative study","volume":"50","author":"Kavanaugh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Drug Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2007.08.002","article-title":"Pleasure and discipline in the uses of ritalin","volume":"19","author":"Keane","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2008.10.005","article-title":"Foucault on methadone: Beyond biopower","volume":"20","author":"Keane","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2013.05.007","article-title":"Categorising methadone: Addiction and analgesia","volume":"24","author":"Keane","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2010.00283.x","article-title":"Definitions related to the use of pharmaceutical opioids: Extramedical use, diversion, non-adherence and aberrant medication-related behaviours","volume":"30","author":"Larance","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000045","article-title":"A review of buprenorphine diversion and misuse","volume":"8","author":"Lofwall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Addiction Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0270","author":"Majid"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732318785358","article-title":"Appraising qualitative research for evidence syntheses: A compendium of quality appraisal tools","volume":"28","author":"Majid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Qualitative Health Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0280","first-page":"1","article-title":"Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence","volume":"2","author":"Mattick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1258\/1355819054308576","article-title":"Systematically reviewing qualitative and quantitative evidence to inform management and policy-making in the health field","volume":"10","author":"Mays","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Health Services Research and Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2019.10.005","article-title":"Ambiguous identities of drugs and people: A scoping review of opioid-related stigma","volume":"74","author":"McCradden","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2019.06.019","article-title":"\u201cThey\u2019re making it so hard for people to get help:\u201d Motivations for non-prescribed buprenorphine use in a time of treatment expansion","volume":"71","author":"McLean","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0300","first-page":"1","article-title":"Optimum methadone compliance testing: An evidence-based analysis","volume":"6","author":"Medical Advisory Secretariat","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ontario Health Technology Assessment Series"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0305","series-title":"The clinic and elsewhere: Addiction, adolescents, and the afterlife of therapy","author":"Meyers","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1007\/s11013-014-9376-9","article-title":"Promise and deceit: Pharmakos, drug replacement therapy, and the perils of experience","volume":"38","author":"Meyers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1080\/09581590110039865","article-title":"A critical review of the harm minimization ideology in Australia","volume":"11","author":"Miller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Critical Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2015.04.010","article-title":"Prior experience with non-prescribed buprenorphine: Role in treatment entry and retention","volume":"57","author":"Monico","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1080\/10550880903014767","article-title":"Diversion of buprenorphine\/naloxone coformulated tablets in a region with high prescribing prevalence","volume":"28","author":"Monte","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Addictive Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0330","series-title":"Becoming patient: Testimonial conditions and the (un)making of injury (Publication number 27739831)","author":"Morgan","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1057\/biosoc.2015.46","article-title":"White opioids: Pharmaceutical race and the war on drugs that wasn\u2019t","volume":"12","author":"Netherland","year":"2017","journal-title":"BioSocieties"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1080\/13698575.2016.1256377","article-title":"Destruction, fascination and illness: Risk perceptions and uses of heroin and opiate maintenance treatment drugs","volume":"19","author":"Pedersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health, Risk and Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-015-0037-2","article-title":"Long-term self-treatment with methadone or buprenorphine as a response to barriers to opioid substitution treatment: The case of Sweden","volume":"12","author":"Richert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Harm Reduction Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0350","author":"Salamanca-Buentello"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0355","series-title":"The coding manual for qualitative researchers","author":"Salda\u00f1a","year":"2015"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-200307000-00004","article-title":"Creating metasummaries of qualitative findings","volume":"52","author":"Sandelowski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nursing Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.10072","article-title":"Toward a metasynthesis of qualitative findings on motherhood in HIV-positive women","volume":"26","author":"Sandelowski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Research in Nursing and Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2019.09.003","article-title":"\u201cEverything is not right anymore\u201d: Buprenorphine experiences in an era of illicit fentanyl","volume":"74","author":"Silverstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"issue":"107958","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0375","article-title":"On my own terms: Motivations for self-treating opioid-use disorder with non-prescribed buprenorphine","volume":"210","author":"Silverstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.5055\/jom.2013.0152","article-title":"Consumer attitudes about opioid addiction treatment: A focus group study in New York City","volume":"9","author":"Sohler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Opioid Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1080\/09595239996275","article-title":"Methadone syrup-related deaths in New South Wales, Australia, 1990\u20131995","volume":"18","author":"Sunjic","year":"1999","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0390","author":"United States Code of Federal Regulations \u00a7 8.12"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.112642","article-title":"A critical content analysis of media reporting on opioids: The social construction of an epidemic","volume":"244","author":"Webster","year":"2020","journal-title":"Social Science and Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1177\/145507250702400318","article-title":"Drug-related harm according to opiate users on buprenorphine treatment","volume":"24","author":"Weckroth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0b013e318211c56a","article-title":"The source of methadone in overdose deaths in Western Virginia in 2004","volume":"5","author":"Weimer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Addiction Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12308","article-title":"Injecting buprenorphine-naloxone film: Findings from an explorative qualitative study","volume":"34","author":"White","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0430","series-title":"WHO, UNODC, UNAIDS technical guide for countries to set targets for universal access to HIV prevention, treatment and care for injecting drug users","year":"2009"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.2174\/1874473711104010028","article-title":"Buprenorphine and buprenorphine\/naloxone diversion, misuse, and illicit use: An international review","volume":"4","author":"Yokell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Current Drug Abuse Reviews"}],"container-title":["Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0740547221003779?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0740547221003779?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T19:54:50Z","timestamp":1760039690000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0740547221003779"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"references-count":82,"alternative-id":["S0740547221003779"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651","relation":{},"ISSN":["0740-5472"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0740-5472","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Beyond harm-producing versus harm-reducing: A qualitative meta-synthesis of people who use drugs' perspectives of and experiences with the extramedical use and diversion of buprenorphine","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108651","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108651"}}