{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T10:01:46Z","timestamp":1782986506971,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686009600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":309,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T03:12:04Z","timestamp":1647832324000},"page":"108770","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Non\u2013prescribed buprenorphine preceding treatment intake and clinical outcomes for opioid use disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"Arthur Robin","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine M.","family":"Mauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianshu","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Olfson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Crystal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hillary","family":"Samples","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Chiodo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.01472","article-title":"Transforming mental heath and addiction services","volume":"40","author":"Alegr\u00eda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Affairs"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.541","article-title":"Collaborative care of opioid-addicted patients in primary care using buprenorphine: Five-year experience","volume":"171","author":"Alford","year":"2011","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.08.002","article-title":"Non-prescribed buprenorphine in New York City: Motivations for use, practices of diversion, and experiences of stigma","volume":"70","author":"Allen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.003","article-title":"Peer-delivered recovery support services for addictions in the United States: A systematic review","volume":"63","author":"Bassuk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0b013e3182034e31","article-title":"Illicit use of buprenorphine\/naloxone among injecting and noninjecting opioid users","volume":"5","author":"Bazazi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Addiction Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2014.12.011","article-title":"Discontinuation of buprenorphine maintenance therapy: Perspectives and outcomes","volume":"52","author":"Bentzley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108449","article-title":"Changes in methadone program practices and fatal methadone overdose rates in Connecticut during COVID-19","volume":"131","author":"Brothers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"Apr 17","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2020.102722","article-title":"Unintentional drug overdose: Is more frequent use of non-prescribed buprenorphine associated with lower risk of overdose?","volume":"79","author":"Carlson","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-019-0149-1","article-title":"Low barrier buprenorphine treatment for persons experiencing homelessness and injecting heroin in San Francisco","volume":"14","author":"Carter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addiction Science & Clinical Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.07.005","article-title":"Buprenorphine in the United States: Motives for abuse, misuse, and diversion","volume":"104","author":"Chilcoat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301479","article-title":"Abuse liability of prescription opioids compared to heroin in morphine-maintained heroin abusers","volume":"33","author":"Comer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0b013e31829727b2","article-title":"Prior buprenorphine experience is associated with office-based buprenorphine treatment outcomes","volume":"7","author":"Cunningham","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Addiction Medicine"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.3474","article-title":"Emergency department-initiated buprenorphine\/naloxone treatment for opioid dependence: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"313","author":"D'Onofrio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010","article-title":"The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"147","author":"von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.3685","article-title":"Buprenorphine deregulation and mainstreaming treatment for opioid use disorder: X the X waiver","volume":"76","author":"Fiscella","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2013.08.008","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of street-obtained buprenorphine use among current and former injectors in Baltimore, Maryland","volume":"38","author":"Genberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.6373","article-title":"Characteristics of US counties with high opioid overdose mortality and low capacity to deliver medications for opioid use disorder","volume":"2","author":"Haffajee","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2021.1908360","article-title":"\u201cThe doctor says you cannot have [buprenorphine]\u201d autonomy and use of prescribed or non-prescribed buprenorphine","volume":"56","author":"Hayes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Substance Use & Misuse"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2019.1635557","article-title":"Engaging an unstably housed population with low-barrier buprenorphine treatment at a syringe services program: Lessons learned from Seattle, Washington","volume":"41","author":"Hood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Substance Abuse"},{"issue":"161","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0105","first-page":"1","article-title":"Opioid substitution therapy: Lowering the treatment thresholds","author":"Kourounis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependennce"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14991","article-title":"Opioid agonist treatment and fatal overdose risk in a state-wide US population receiving opioid use disorder services","volume":"115","author":"Krawczyk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-0038","article-title":"Opioid prescribing after nonfatal overdose and association with repeated overdose","volume":"164","author":"Larochelle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.01.015","article-title":"Perceptions and practices addressing diversion among US buprenorphine prescribers","volume":"186","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2019.1694536","article-title":"A systematic review of rural-specific barriers to medication treatment for opioid use disorder in the United States","volume":"46","author":"Lister","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-1652","article-title":"The next stage of buprenorphine care for opioid use disorder","volume":"169","author":"Martin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.07.010","article-title":"Prescribing decisions at buprenorphine treatment initiation: Do they matter for treatment discontinuation and adverse opioid-related events?","volume":"105","author":"Meinhofer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2015.04.010","article-title":"Prior experience with non-prescribed buprenorphine: Role in treatment entry and retention","volume":"57","author":"Monico","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.07.001","article-title":"Injectable naltrexone, oral naltrexone, and buprenorphine utilization and discontinuation among individuals treated for opioid use disorder in a United States commercially insured population","volume":"85","author":"Morgan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.18913","article-title":"Trends in buprenorphine treatment in the United States, 2009\u20132018","volume":"323","author":"Olfson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2101298","article-title":"The number needed to prescribe- what would it take to expand access to buprenorphine?","volume":"384","author":"Poorman","year":"2021","journal-title":"NEJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2018.12.004","article-title":"Promoting opioid overdose prevention and recovery: An exploratory study of an innovative intervention model to address opioid abuse","volume":"64","author":"Powell","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2019.01085","article-title":"Impact of long-term buprenorphine treatment on adverse health outcomes in Medicaid","volume":"39","author":"Samples","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Affairs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2018.09.001","article-title":"Risk factors for discontinuation of buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorders in a multi-state sample of medicaid enrollees","volume":"95","author":"Samples","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatmen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.0976","article-title":"Association of opioid agonist treatment with all-cause mortality and specific causes of death among people with opioid dependence: A systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Santo","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb3000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.14369","article-title":"This is \u201cpart of emergency medicine now\u201d: A qualitative assessment of emergency clinicinas\u2019 facilitators of and barriers to initiating buprenorphine","volume":"29","author":"Schoenfeld","year":"2021","journal-title":"Academic Emergency Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2010.03.014","article-title":"Self-treatment: Illicit buprenorphine use by opioid-dependent treatment seekers","volume":"39","author":"Schuman-Olivier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"Dec","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.07.030","article-title":"Bridging waitlist delays with interim buprenorphine treatment: initial feasibility","volume":"51","author":"Sigmon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addictive Behavior"},{"issue":"j1550","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0190","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mortality risk during and after opioid substitution treatment: Systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"357","author":"Sordo","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.19060612","article-title":"Retention on buprenorphine beyond six months and risk of acute care service utilization, opioid prescription use, and overdose","volume":"177","author":"Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.2174\/1874473711104010028","article-title":"Buprenorphine and buprenorphine\/naloxone diversion, misuse, and illicit use: An international review","volume":"4","author":"Yokell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Current Drug Abuse Reviews"}],"container-title":["Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0740547222000526?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0740547222000526?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T19:57:14Z","timestamp":1760039834000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0740547222000526"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0740547222000526"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770","relation":{},"ISSN":["0740-5472"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0740-5472","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Non\u2013prescribed buprenorphine preceding treatment intake and clinical outcomes for opioid use disorder","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108770","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108770"}}