{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:16:15Z","timestamp":1791260175426,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011039","name":"Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011039","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]],"date-time":"2020-01-23T02:32:45Z","timestamp":1579746765000},"page":"105605","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Molecular mechanisms of posaconazole- and itraconazole-induced pseudohyperaldosteronism and assessment of other systemically used azole antifungals"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"199","author":[{"given":"Katharina R.","family":"Beck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucija","family":"Telisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris J.","family":"van Koppen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"George R.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Odermatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0005","article-title":"Drug-induced endocrine blood pressure elevation","volume":"104311","author":"Beck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1321851","article-title":"11Beta-hydroxylase deficiency and other syndromes of mineralocorticoid excess as a rare cause of endocrine hypertension","volume":"44","author":"Melcescu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfx156","article-title":"Posaconazole-induced hypertension and hypokalemia due to inhibition of the 11beta-hydroxylase enzyme","volume":"11","author":"Barton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Kidney J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0020","first-page":"17","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid hypertension and hypokalaemia induced by posaconazole","volume":"2018","author":"Boughton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Diabetes Metab. Case Rep."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2019-00189","article-title":"Posaconazole-Induced Hypertension Due to Inhibition of 11beta-Hydroxylase and 11beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 2","volume":"3","author":"Thompson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12749","article-title":"Itraconazole induced hypertension and hypokalemia: mechanistic evaluation","volume":"61","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00760","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00760-17","article-title":"In vivo 11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibition in posaconazole-induced hypertension and hypokalemia","volume":"61","author":"Thompson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198811033191804","article-title":"An inherited defect in aldosterone biosynthesis caused by a mutation in or near the gene for steroid 11-hydroxylase","volume":"319","author":"Globerman","year":"1988","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2017.01.010","article-title":"Inhibition of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 by the fungicides itraconazole and posaconazole","volume":"130","author":"Beck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02605","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02605-17","article-title":"Refractory hypokalemia from syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess on low-dose posaconazole","volume":"62","author":"Wassermann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ancard.2014.05.007","article-title":"[Itraconazole: a new drug-related cause of hypertension]","volume":"63","author":"Denolle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Cardiol. Angeiol. (Paris)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02130","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02130-17","article-title":"Posaconazole-Induced Pseudohyperaldosteronism","volume":"62","author":"Kuriakose","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0065","article-title":"Azole-associated pseudohyperaldosteronism: a class effect or azole-specific?","author":"Dipippo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2010.12.019","article-title":"Characterization of activity and binding mode of glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives inhibiting 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2","volume":"125","author":"Kratschmar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-0760(02)00056-0","article-title":"Development of a test system for inhibitors of human aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2): screening in fission yeast and evaluation of selectivity in V79 cells","volume":"81","author":"Ehmer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.3109\/07435809509030460","article-title":"Cloning of CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 from normal human adrenal and their functional expression in COS-7 and V79 Chinese hamster cells","volume":"21","author":"Denner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endocr. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/14756360310001640913","article-title":"Synthesis of hydroxy derivatives of highly potent non-steroidal CYP 17 inhibitors as potential metabolites and evaluation of their activity by a non cellular assay using recombinant human enzyme","volume":"19","author":"Hutschenreuter","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-0760(00)00137-0","article-title":"Development of a simple and rapid assay for the evaluation of inhibitors of human 17alpha-hydroxylase-C(17,20)-lyase (P450cl7) by coexpression of P450cl7 with NADPH-cytochrome-P450-reductase in Escherichia coli","volume":"75","author":"Ehmer","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1996.0897","article-title":"Development and validation of a genetic algorithm for flexible docking","volume":"267","author":"Jones","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2011.01.054","article-title":"Homology modeling and structural analysis of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2","volume":"46","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2012-1287","article-title":"Structural insights into aldosterone synthase substrate specificity and targeted inhibition","volume":"27","author":"Strushkevich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.006214","article-title":"Structure of human cortisol-producing cytochrome P450 11B1 bound to the breast cancer drug fadrozole provides insights for drug design","volume":"294","author":"Brixius-Anderko","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"7383","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10743","article-title":"Structures of cytochrome P450 17A1 with prostate cancer drugs abiraterone and TOK-001","volume":"482","author":"DeVore","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1021\/ci049885e","article-title":"LigandScout: 3-D pharmacophores derived from protein-bound ligands and their use as virtual screening filters","volume":"45","author":"Wolber","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. Model."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-57-4-732","article-title":"Site of action of low dose ketoconazole on androgen biosynthesis in men","volume":"57","author":"Santen","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/minf.201300063","article-title":"Pharmacophore Model Refinement for 11beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Inhibitors: Search for Modulators of Intracellular Glucocorticoid Concentrations","volume":"33","author":"Vuorinen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Inform."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S43","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/9.Supplement_1.S43","article-title":"Itraconazole: pharmacologic studies in animals and humans","volume":"9","author":"Van Cauteren","year":"1987","journal-title":"Rev. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0140","series-title":"Summary of Product Characteristics, European Medicines Agency, 04\/10","author":"N.N. European Medicines Agency, Noxafil, INN-posaconazole","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s12281-016-0255-4","article-title":"Therapeutic drug monitoring of posaconazole: an update","volume":"10","author":"Dekkers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Fungal Infect. Rep."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6879","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.03777-14","article-title":"Understanding variability in posaconazole exposure using an integrated population pharmacokinetic analysis","volume":"58","author":"Dolton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.104.000315","article-title":"Role of itraconazole metabolites in CYP3A4 inhibition","volume":"32","author":"Isoherranen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.26.12.1730","article-title":"Factors influencing the magnitude and clinical significance of drug interactions between azole antifungals and select immunosuppressants","volume":"26","author":"Saad","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.clpt.6100230","article-title":"Contribution of itraconazole metabolites to inhibition of CYP3A4 in vivo","volume":"83","author":"Templeton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2004.01.005","article-title":"Effect of posaconazole on cytochrome P450 enzymes: a randomized, open-label, two-way crossover study","volume":"21","author":"Wexler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt508","article-title":"Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of antifungal agents: guidelines from the British Society for Medical Mycology","volume":"69","author":"Ashbee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0180","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and safety of posaconazole delayed-release tablets for invasive fungal infections","volume":"8","author":"Wiederhold","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.01.002","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of Aspergillus diseases: executive summary of the 2017 ESCMID-ECMM-ERS guideline","volume":"24","author":"Ullmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2013.826989","article-title":"Therapeutic drug monitoring of voriconazole and posaconazole for invasive aspergillosis","volume":"11","author":"Seyedmousavi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13020","article-title":"Antifungal prophylaxis with posaconazole tablet and oral suspension in patients with hematologic malignancy: therapeutic drug monitoring, efficacy, and risk factors for the suboptimal level","volume":"63","author":"Oh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01435-19","article-title":"Using state transition models to explore how the prevalence of subtherapeutic posaconazole exposures impacts the clinical utility of therapeutic drug monitoring for posaconazole tablets and oral suspension","author":"Lewis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0205","article-title":"Posaconazole serum drug levels associated with pseudohyperaldosteronism","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2012-314","article-title":"Repurposing itraconazole as a treatment for advanced prostate cancer: a noncomparative randomized phase II trial in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"18","author":"Antonarakis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0215","series-title":"Sporanox Drug Safety Sheet","author":"Janssen-Cilag-AG","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00046-13","article-title":"Tissue penetration of antifungal agents","volume":"27","author":"Felton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00484-19","article-title":"Treatment by posaconazole tablets, compared to posaconazole suspension, does not reduce variability of posaconazole trough concentrations","volume":"63","author":"Gautier-Veyret","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw079","article-title":"Phase 3 pharmacokinetics and safety study of a posaconazole tablet formulation in patients at risk for invasive fungal disease","volume":"71","author":"Cornely","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960076019306958?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960076019306958?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T00:06:20Z","timestamp":1760745980000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0960076019306958"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S0960076019306958"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605","relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-0760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-0760","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Molecular mechanisms of posaconazole- and itraconazole-induced pseudohyperaldosteronism and assessment of other systemically used azole antifungals","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105605","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105605"}}