{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:28:33Z","timestamp":1791404913048,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]],"date-time":"2025-03-08T22:57:30Z","timestamp":1741474650000},"page":"106719","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Allopregnanolone in the pathogenesis of the psychiatric comorbidities of polycystic ovarian syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"250","author":[{"given":"Karis I.","family":"Sarkisian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane L.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3607-121X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank Z.","family":"Stanczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2019-00078","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome: pathophysiology, presentation, and treatment with emphasis on adolescent girls","volume":"3","author":"Witchel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Endocr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.07.025","article-title":"Recommendations from the 2023 International Evidence-based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","volume":"120","author":"Teede","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-8-41","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome: a complex condition with psychological, reproductive and metabolic manifestations that impacts on health across the lifespan","volume":"8","author":"Teede","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-02667","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with adverse mental health and neurodevelopmental outcomes","volume":"103","author":"Berni","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib5","article-title":"Changes in the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in China over the past decade","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. Health - West. Pac."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.4103\/jhrs.JHRS_95_18","article-title":"The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome: a brief systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Deswal","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hum. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib7","article-title":"Neuroendocrine, neurotransmitter, and gut microbiota imbalance contributing to potential psychiatric disorder prevalence in polycystic ovarian syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Sarkisian","year":"2023","journal-title":"F. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib8","first-page":"2317","article-title":"Adrenal androgen excess in the polycystic ovary syndrome: sensitivity and responsivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal Axis1","volume":"83","author":"Azziz","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2004.06.024","article-title":"PCOS: an ovarian disorder that leads to dysregulation in the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis?","volume":"118","author":"Doi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib10","first-page":"177","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Advances in Biomarkers of Major Depressive Disorder"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22041758","article-title":"Neurosteroids and neurotrophic factors: what is their promise as biomarkers for major depression and PTSD?","volume":"22","author":"Almeida","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-018-1692-3","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"62","author":"Brutocao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.07.005","article-title":"Neurosteroids\u2019 effects and mechanisms for social, cognitive, emotional, and physical functions","volume":"34","author":"Frye","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.69.809.186","article-title":"Quality of life of hirsute women","volume":"69","author":"Sonino","year":"1993","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1999.02768.x","article-title":"The quality of life in acne: a comparison with general medical conditions using generic questionnaires","volume":"140","author":"Mallon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2010.2303","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Merkin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Women\u2019s. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e750","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae256","article-title":"Depression, anxiety, and risk of metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a longitudinal study","volume":"110","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1140796","article-title":"Role of allopregnanolone-mediated \u03b3-aminobutyric acid A receptor sensitivity in the pathogenesis of premenstrual dysphoric disorder: toward precise targets for translational medicine and drug development","volume":"14","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3017","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S240856","article-title":"Review of allopregnanolone agonist therapy for the treatment of depressive disorders","volume":"15","author":"Walkerly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1159\/000358838","article-title":"Low serum allopregnanolone is associated with symptoms of depression in late pregnancy","volume":"69","author":"Hellgren","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5495","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115495","article-title":"The role of HPA axis and allopregnanolone on the neurobiology of major depressive disorders and PTSD","volume":"22","author":"Almeida","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2020.100215","article-title":"Allopregnanolone: from molecular pathophysiology to therapeutics. A historical perspective","volume":"12","author":"Paul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib23","series-title":"Methods Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-185292-4.50009-7","article-title":"Neurosteroids: biosynthesis and function","author":"Robel","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib24","first-page":"2311","article-title":"Neuroactive steroids","volume":"6","author":"Paul","year":"1992","journal-title":"Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-021-01244-w","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome, affective symptoms, and neuroactive steroids: a focus on allopregnanolone","volume":"23","author":"Standeven","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E.E. Baulieu, P. Robel, M. Schumacher, Neurosteroids: Beginning of the story, in: 2001: pp. 1\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0074-7742(01)46057-0.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(01)46057-0"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1998.71062231.x","article-title":"Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) transcripts constitutively expressed in the adult rat central nervous system: colocalization of StAR, cytochrome P-450 SCC (CYP XIA1), and 3\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the rat brain","volume":"71","author":"Furukawa","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/frne.1999.0188","article-title":"Neurosteroids: biosynthesis and function of these novel neuromodulators","volume":"21","author":"Compagnone","year":"2000","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20101804","article-title":"Stereospecific reduction of 5\u03b2-reduced steroids by human ketosteroid reductases of the AKR (aldo-keto reductase) superfamily: role of AKR1C1\u2013AKR1C4 in the metabolism of testosterone and progesterone via the 5\u03b2-reductase pathway","volume":"437","author":"Jin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib30","unstructured":"PubChem Compound Summary for CID 92787, Allopregnanolone, Natl. Cent. Biotechnol. Inf. (n.d.). https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/Allopregnanolone."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib31","unstructured":"K.I. Sarkisian, Sarkisian, K. (2024). The chemical structure and function of allopregnanolone. Created in BioRender., BioRender (2024). https:\/\/BioRender.com\/a90i099."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17926","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms140917926","article-title":"Regulation of 3\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase\/\u03945-\u03944 isomerase: a review","volume":"14","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2003.09.001","article-title":"Neurosteroid modulation of GABAA receptors","volume":"71","author":"Lambert","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1703","article-title":"Neurosteroids: endogenous regulators of the GABAA receptor","volume":"6","author":"Belelli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib35","unstructured":"D. Bitran, R.J. Hilvers, C.K. Kellogg, Anxiolytic effects of 3a-hydroxy-5a[IZ]-pregnan-20-one: endogenous metabolites of progesterone that are active at the GABA A receptor, (n.d.)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4706","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4520-04.2005","article-title":"The neurosteroid allopregnanolone promotes proliferation of rodent and human neural progenitor cells and regulates cell-cycle gene and protein expression","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.104512","article-title":"The allopregnanolone to progesterone ratio across the menstrual cycle and in menopause","volume":"112","author":"Kimball","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib38","first-page":"502","article-title":"Physiological action of progesterone in target tissues","volume":"18","author":"Graham","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2010.01059.x","article-title":"Tolerance to allopregnanolone with focus on the GABA-A receptor","volume":"162","author":"Turkmen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2020.100213","article-title":"Allopregnanolone in premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD): Evidence for dysregulated sensitivity to GABA-A receptor modulating neuroactive steroids across the menstrual cycle","volume":"12","author":"Hantsoo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-128X(98)00018-X","article-title":"5\u03b1-Reductase isozymes in the central nervous system","volume":"63","author":"Poletti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.1.01907","article-title":"Steroid 5\u03b1-reductase isozymes in the adult female rat brain: central role of dihydrotestosterone","volume":"36","author":"Torres","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(88)90216-7","article-title":"Ogenetic development of the 5\u03b1-reductase in the rat brain: cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, purified myelin and isolated oligodendrocytes","volume":"44","author":"Melcangi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Dev. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12996","article-title":"Allopregnanolone: an overview on its synthesis and effects","volume":"34","author":"Diviccaro","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20251","article-title":"Anatomical and cellular localization of neuroactive 5\u03b1\/3\u03b1-reduced steroid-synthesizing enzymes in the spinal cord","volume":"477","author":"Patte-Mensah","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2849","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.051628598","article-title":"Brain 5\u03b1-dihydroprogesterone and allopregnanolone synthesis in a mouse model of protracted social isolation","volume":"98","author":"Dong","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3569","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-014-3567-5","article-title":"5\u03b1-reductase type I expression is downregulated in the prefrontal cortex\/Brodmann\u2019s area 9 (BA9) of depressed patients","volume":"231","author":"Agis-Balboa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12223","article-title":"Ethanol administration produces divergent changes in GABAergic neuroactive steroid immunohistochemistry in the rat brain","volume":"38","author":"Cook","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12771","article-title":"Physiology, production and action of progesterone","volume":"94","author":"Taraborrelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2600","article-title":"Progesterone resistance in PCOS endometrium: a microarray analysis in clomiphene citrate-treated and artificial menstrual cycles","volume":"96","author":"Savaris","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.04.024","article-title":"PTSD in women is associated with a block in conversion of progesterone to the GABAergic neurosteroids allopregnanolone and pregnanolone measured in plasma","volume":"93","author":"Pineles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1423-0127-21-2","article-title":"Endometrial progesterone resistance and PCOS","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2011.10.028","article-title":"The progesterone receptor regulates implantation, decidualization, and glandular development via a complex paracrine signaling network","volume":"357","author":"Wetendorf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5091","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40800-1","article-title":"Structural insights into opposing actions of neurosteroids on GABAA receptors","volume":"14","author":"Legesse","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2015.10.019","article-title":"GABAA receptor modulating steroid antagonists (GAMSA) are functional in vivo","volume":"160","author":"Johansson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2335","article-title":"The hippocampus and memory: insights from spatial processing","volume":"9","author":"Bird","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2013.00136","article-title":"Functional role of ambient GABA in refining neuronal circuits early in postnatal development","volume":"7","author":"Cellot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Neural Circuits"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00087","article-title":"Cortical GABAergic dysfunction in stress and depression: new insights for therapeutic interventions","volume":"13","author":"Foga\u00e7a","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-014-9560-1","article-title":"GABA receptors in brain development, function, and injury","volume":"30","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.637863","article-title":"Glutamate and GABA homeostasis and neurometabolism in major depressive disorder","volume":"12","author":"Sarawagi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.269","article-title":"Neuroactive steroids and affective symptoms in women across the weight spectrum","volume":"43","author":"Dichtel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2422758","article-title":"Steroid hormone metabolites are barbiturate-like modulators of the GABA receptor","volume":"232","author":"Majewska","year":"1986","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(87)90094-X","article-title":"Steroid hormone metabolites potentiate GABA receptor-mediated chloride ion flux with nanomolar potency","volume":"142","author":"Morrow","year":"1987","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib64","series-title":"Neurosteroids Nerv. Syst.","first-page":"1","article-title":"Neurosteroids and the nervous system","author":"King","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5275","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-14-05275.1998","article-title":"Withdrawal from 3\u03b1-OH-5\u03b1-pregnan-20-One using a pseudopregnancy model alters the kinetics of hippocampal GABA A -gated current and increases the GABA A receptor \u03b14 subunit in association with increased anxiety","volume":"18","author":"Smith","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.08.058","article-title":"Neuronal excitability in the periaqueductal grey matter during the estrous cycle in female Wistar rats","volume":"144","author":"Brack","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881117747578","article-title":"Female psychopharmacology matters! Towards a sex-specific psychopharmacology","volume":"32","author":"Bolea-Alamanac","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol. (Oxf.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib68","series-title":"Handb. Horm.","article-title":"Allopregnanolone","author":"Tsutsui","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.R. Engel, K.A. Grant, Neurosteroids and behavior, 2001: pp. 321\u2013348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0074-7742(01)46067-3.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(01)46067-3"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12809","article-title":"Women with polycystic ovary syndrome have elevated serum concentrations of and altered GABA A receptor sensitivity to allopregnanolone","volume":"83","author":"Hedstr\u00f6m","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a005751","article-title":"Synapses and memory storage","volume":"4","author":"Mayford","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib72","first-page":"196","article-title":"Communication networks in the brain: neurons, receptors, neurotransmitters, and alcohol","volume":"31","author":"Lovinger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Alcohol Res. Health J. Natl. Inst. Alcohol. Abus. Alcohol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3708","article-title":"Electrical synapses and their functional interactions with chemical synapses","volume":"15","author":"Pereda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13222","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.192233099","article-title":"Fast synaptic inhibition promotes synchronized gamma oscillations in hippocampal interneuron networks","volume":"99","author":"Bartos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib75","series-title":"Brain Mapp.","first-page":"93","article-title":"Synaptic organization of the cerebral cortex","author":"Rollenhagen","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.962957","article-title":"The role of gamma oscillations in central nervous system diseases: mechanism and treatment","volume":"16","author":"Guan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2019.107426","article-title":"The origin of NMDA receptor hypofunction in schizophrenia","volume":"205","author":"Nakazawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.02.005","article-title":"Do NMDA-R antagonists re-create patterns of spontaneous gamma-band activity in schizophrenia? A systematic review and perspective","volume":"124","author":"Bianciardi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.07.017","article-title":"Allopregnanolone mediates affective switching through modulation of oscillatory states in the Basolateral Amygdala","volume":"91","author":"Antonoudiou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2011.00019","article-title":"Beyond the HPA Axis: progesterone-derived neuroactive steroids in human stress and emotion","volume":"2","author":"Wirth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(96)00096-6","article-title":"The neurosteroid tetrahydroprogesterone attenuates the endocrine response to stress and exerts glucocorticoid-like effects on vasopressin gene transcription in the rat hypothalamus","volume":"15","author":"Patchev","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)90330-1","article-title":"The neurosteroid tetrahydroprogesterone counteracts corticotropin-releasing hormone-induced anxiety and alters the release and gene expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone in the rat hypothalamus","volume":"62","author":"Patchev","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2016.00137","article-title":"Paraventricular hypothalamic mechanisms of chronic stress adaptation","volume":"7","author":"Herman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(02)00147-1","article-title":"GABAergic innervation of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-secreting parvocellular neurons and its plasticity as demonstrated by quantitative immunoelectron microscopy","volume":"113","author":"Mikl\u00f3s","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X1304150831150507","article-title":"The effects of psychological stress on depression","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5942","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0811431106","article-title":"Critical role of promoter IV-driven BDNF transcription in GABAergic transmission and synaptic plasticity in the prefrontal cortex","volume":"106","author":"Sakata","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v12.i3.379","article-title":"Neuroimmune crosstalk through brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its precursor pro-BDNF: new insights into mood disorders","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2015.56342","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its clinical implications","volume":"6","author":"Bathina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112670","article-title":"Allopregnanolone induces antidepressant-like effects through BDNF-TrkB signaling independent from AMPA receptor activation in a rat learned helplessness model of depression","volume":"390","author":"Shirayama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3251","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-08-03251.2002","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor produces antidepressant effects in behavioral models of depression","volume":"22","author":"Shirayama","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2007.09.002","article-title":"Neuroactive steroids modulate HPA axis activity and cerebral brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein levels in adult male rats","volume":"32","author":"Naert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2018.11.029","article-title":"Hemisphere-dependent changes in mRNA expression of GABAA receptor subunits and BDNF after intra-prefrontal cortex allopregnanolone infusion in rats","volume":"397","author":"Almeida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2011.613969","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plasma and follicular fluid levels","volume":"28","author":"Russo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35933","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.16411","article-title":"GABAergic neurons in nucleus accumbens are correlated to resilience and vulnerability to chronic stress for major depression","volume":"8","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib95","first-page":"115","article-title":"Brexanolone to treat postpartum depression in adult women","volume":"51","author":"Cornett","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.699740","article-title":"Brexanolone, a GABAA modulator, in the treatment of postpartum depression in adults: a comprehensive Review","volume":"12","author":"Edinoff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.246","article-title":"5\u03b1-Reductase inhibition prevents the luteal phase increase in plasma allopregnanolone levels and mitigates symptoms in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder","volume":"41","author":"Martinez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2010.05.017","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in U.S. adolescents: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication--Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A)","volume":"49","author":"Merikangas","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30015-9","article-title":"How do antidepressants work? New perspectives for refining future treatment approaches","volume":"4","author":"Harmer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960076025000470?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960076025000470?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:18:58Z","timestamp":1744330738000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0960076025000470"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":99,"alternative-id":["S0960076025000470"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719","relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-0760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-0760","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Allopregnanolone in the pathogenesis of the psychiatric comorbidities of polycystic ovarian syndrome","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2025.106719","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106719"}}