{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:53:42Z","timestamp":1791356022418,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007449","name":"Takeda Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007449","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["26K09381"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26K09381"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T06:02:03Z","timestamp":1789365723000},"page":"107122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Estriol is a stronger transcriptional activator than is either 17\u03b2-estradiol or estrone of human and elephant shark estrogen receptor-alpha and estrogen receptor-beta transfected into COS-7 cells"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"265","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1187-1607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ya","family":"Ao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronn Matthew","family":"delos Reyes Cabizares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4387-3269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael E.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2625-4626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshinao","family":"Katsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib1","first-page":"142","article-title":"Estrogen receptor signaling during vertebrate development","volume":"1849","author":"Bondesson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2010.09.002","article-title":"The gene regulatory networks controlled by estrogens","volume":"334","author":"Gao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI27987","article-title":"Estrogen receptors and human disease","volume":"116","author":"Deroo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ctdb.2016.12.005","article-title":"Estrogen Hormone Biology","volume":"125","author":"Hamilton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2014.06.012","article-title":"Estrogen receptors alpha (ERalpha) and beta (ERbeta): subtype-selective ligands and clinical potential","volume":"90","author":"Paterni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10449","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M611424200","article-title":"Structural insights into corepressor recognition by antagonist-bound estrogen receptors","volume":"282","author":"Heldring","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.58.4.8","article-title":"International Un-ion of Pharmacology. LXIV. Estrogen receptors","volume":"5","author":"Dahlman-Wright","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11913","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0812138106","article-title":"Independent elaboration of steroid hormone signaling pathways in metazoans","volume":"106","author":"Markov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2010.07.013","article-title":"Origin and diversification of steroids: co-evolution of enzymes and nuclear receptors","volume":"334","author":"Baker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5925","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.12.5925","article-title":"Cloning of a novel receptor expressed in rat prostate and ovary","volume":"93","author":"Kuiper","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5671","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.091553298","article-title":"Evolution of vertebrate steroid receptors from an ancestral estrogen receptor by ligand exploitation and serial genome expansions","volume":"98","author":"Thornton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7439","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b00704","article-title":"Understanding the molecular basis for differences in responses of fish estrogen receptor subtypes to environmental estrogens","volume":"49","author":"Tohyama","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2014.10.020","article-title":"Origin of the response to adrenal and sex ster-oids: Roles of promiscuity and co-evolution of enzymes and steroid receptors","volume":"151","author":"Baker","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2013.03.003","article-title":"Estrogen receptor beta: tissue distribution and the still largely enigmatic physiological function","volume":"139","author":"B\u00f6ttner","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.138.3.4979","article-title":"Comparison of the ligand binding specificity and transcript tissue distribution of estrogen receptors alpha and beta","volume":"138","author":"Kuiper","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2007.05.013","article-title":"Estrogen receptor beta in the brain: from form to function","volume":"57","author":"Weiser","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2024.13268","article-title":"Estrogen receptor signaling and targets: Bones, breasts and brain (Review)","volume":"30","author":"Toumba","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1220150","article-title":"Expression and function of estrogen receptors and es-trogen-related receptors in the brain and their association with Alzheimer's disease","volume":"14","author":"Sato","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1347.009","article-title":"Estrogen and the brain: beyond ER-alpha, ER-beta, and 17beta-estradiol","volume":"1052","author":"Toran-Allerand","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590701705148","article-title":"Estrogen receptor-alpha splice variants in the human brain","volume":"24","author":"Ishunina","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2009.03.008","article-title":"Regulation of activities of steroid hormone receptors by ti-bolone and its primary metabolites","volume":"116","author":"Escande","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"4B","key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(84)90015-3","article-title":"Biology and receptor interactions of estriol and estriol derivatives in vitro and in vivo","volume":"20","author":"Katzenellenbogen","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/13697130500148875","article-title":"Pharmacology of estrogens and progestogens: influence of different routes of administration","volume":"1","author":"Kuhl","year":"2005","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2024.106539","article-title":"Metabolism of endogenous and exogenous estrogens in women","volume":"242","author":"Stanczyk","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5011","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1206787","article-title":"Estrogen receptor (ER) beta1 and ERbetacx\/beta2 inhibit ERalpha function differently in breast cancer cell line MCF7","volume":"22","author":"Omoto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210712","article-title":"A genome-wide study of the repressive effects of estrogen receptor beta on estrogen re-ceptor alpha signaling in breast cancer cells","volume":"27","author":"Williams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.3390\/genes17030327","article-title":"Transcriptional Activation of Estrogen Receptor-Alpha and Estrogen Receptor-Beta from Elephant Shark (Cal-lorhynchus milii)","volume":"17","author":"Ao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib28","series-title":"Current Protocols in Neuroscience Chapter 4 (2001) Unit 4.7","article-title":"Transient expression of proteins using COS cells","author":"Aruffo","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod28.2.289","article-title":"Urinary estrogen excretion dur-ing pregnancy in the gorilla (Gorilla gorilla), orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) and the human (Homo sapiens)","volume":"28","author":"Czekala","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2016.07.014","article-title":"A second estrogen receptor from Japanese lamprey (Lethenter-on japonicum) does not have activities for estrogen binding and transcription","volume":"236","author":"Katsu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr78","article-title":"Estrogen receptor transcription and trans-activation: Estrogen receptor alpha and estrogen receptor beta: regulation by selec-tive estrogen receptor modulators and importance in breast cancer","volume":"2","author":"Katzenellenbogen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.138.3.4979","article-title":"Comparison of the ligand binding specificity and transcript tissue distribution of estrogen receptors alpha and beta","volume":"138","author":"Kuiper","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2010.01.002","article-title":"Molecular cloning and charac-terization of ligand- and species-specificity of amphibian estrogen receptors","volume":"168","author":"Katsu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3819","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800398105","article-title":"Elephant shark sequence reveals unique insights into the evolutionary his-tory of vertebrate genes: A comparative analysis of the protocadherin cluster","volume":"105","author":"Yu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12826","article-title":"Elephant shark genome provides unique insights into gnathostome evolution","volume":"505","author":"Venkatesh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1038\/320134a0","article-title":"Human oestrogen receptor cDNA: sequence, expression and homology to v-erb-A","volume":"320","author":"Green","year":"1986","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1124\/mi.3.5.281","article-title":"Estrogen signaling: a subtle balance between ER alpha and ER beta","volume":"3","author":"Matthews","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Interv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2016.04.005","article-title":"Characterization of evolutionary trend in squa-mate estrogen receptor sensitivity","volume":"238","author":"Yatsu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00087","article-title":"Estrogen Receptors: New Directions in the New Millennium","volume":"39","author":"Hewitt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3417","DOI":"10.3390\/ph3113417","article-title":"Multiple Routes to Oestrogen Antagonism","volume":"3","author":"Glover","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib41","article-title":"An early chondrichthyan and the evolutionary assembly of a shark body plan","volume":"285","author":"Coates","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2970","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0454-9","article-title":"Foetal oestrogens and autism","volume":"25","author":"Baron-Cohen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(77)90433-1","article-title":"Serum unconjugated estriol levels in the third trimester and their relationship to gestational age. II","volume":"127","author":"Sakakini","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-022-01293-4","article-title":"The steroid hormone estriol (E3) regulates epigenetic programming of fetal mouse brain and reproductive tract","volume":"20","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.labinv.2023.100189","article-title":"Neuroprotection in Cerebral Cortex Induced by the Pregnancy Hormone Estriol","volume":"103","author":"Meyer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/evan.70003","article-title":"The placental steroid hy-pothesis of human brain evolution","volume":"34","author":"Tsompanidis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Evol. Anthropol."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960076026001883?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960076026001883?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:30:27Z","timestamp":1791354627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0960076026001883"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S0960076026001883"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122","relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-0760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-0760","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Estriol is a stronger transcriptional activator than is either 17\u03b2-estradiol or estrone of human and elephant shark estrogen receptor-alpha and estrogen receptor-beta transfected into COS-7 cells","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2026.107122","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107122"}}