{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:07:40Z","timestamp":1791313660863,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004374","name":"Medtronic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022880","name":"Inari Medical","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022880","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jscai.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T04:09:33Z","timestamp":1674792573000},"page":"100548","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Incidence of Mortality and Complications in High-Risk Pulmonary Embolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3954-7914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitchell J.","family":"Silver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Giri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ine","family":"Duffy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wissam A.","family":"Jaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameer","family":"Khandhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Ouriel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catalin","family":"Toma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Horowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306841","article-title":"Global burden of thrombosis: epidemiologic aspects","volume":"118","author":"Wendelboe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.07.005","article-title":"Massive pulmonary embolism","volume":"31","author":"Moorjani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cardiol Clin"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib3","first-page":"27","article-title":"Pulmonary embolism in 2017: increasing options for increasing incidence","volume":"100","author":"Prabhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"R\u00a0I Med J (2013)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m2177","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m2177","article-title":"Pulmonary embolism: update on management and controversies","volume":"370","author":"Duffett","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.05.028","article-title":"Advanced management of intermediate- and high-risk pulmonary embolism: JACC focus seminar","volume":"76","author":"Piazza","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017151978","article-title":"Stratification, imaging, and management of acute massive and submassive pulmonary embolism","volume":"284","author":"Sista","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S92","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-3848(17)30076-2","article-title":"Risk-adapted management of pulmonary embolism","volume":"151","author":"Barco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2020.02.003","article-title":"Overview of management of intermediate- and high-risk pulmonary embolism","volume":"36","author":"Tapson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-020-02340-0","article-title":"Management of acute pulmonary embolism 2019: what is new in the updated European guidelines?","volume":"15","author":"Konstantinides","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.19.21861","article-title":"Evaluation and management of intermediate and high-risk pulmonary embolism","volume":"214","author":"Al-Hakim","year":"2020","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e774","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000707","article-title":"Interventional therapies for acute pulmonary embolism: current status and principles for the development of novel evidence: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"140","author":"Giri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01647-2019","volume":"54","author":"Konstantinides","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e318214914f","article-title":"Management of massive and submassive pulmonary embolism, iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis, and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"123","author":"Jaff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b2535","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2535","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"339","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib15","first-page":"508","article-title":"Software tools for literature screening in systematic reviews in biomedical research","volume":"36","author":"Van der Mierden","year":"2019","journal-title":"ALTEX"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-020-01129-1","article-title":"An evaluation of DistillerSR's machine learning-based prioritization tool for title\/abstract screening - impact on reviewer-relevant outcomes","volume":"20","author":"Hamel","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2736","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.009449","article-title":"Standardized bleeding definitions for cardiovascular clinical trials: a consensus report from the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium","volume":"123","author":"Mehran","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction-GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables","volume":"64","author":"Guyatt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deeks JJ, Higgins JPT, Altman DG. Chapter 10. Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses. In: Higgins J, Thomas J, Chandler J, et al, eds. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. 6.1 ed. Cochrane; 2020.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604.ch10"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1316","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of heterogeneity variance estimators in simulated random-effects meta-analyses","volume":"10","author":"Langan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","article-title":"Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Higgins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","article-title":"Meta-analysis in clinical trials","volume":"7","author":"DerSimonian","year":"1986","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2017.12.058","article-title":"Catheter-directed interventions compared with systemic thrombolysis achieve improved ventricular function recovery at a potentially lower complication rate for acute pulmonary embolism","volume":"6","author":"Avgerinos","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib24","first-page":"242","article-title":"Management of massive pulmonary embolism: a retrospective single-centre cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Barrett","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit Care Resusc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8191.2009.00986.x","article-title":"Pulmonary embolectomy: recommendation for early surgical intervention","volume":"25","author":"Carvalho","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Card Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.223","article-title":"Management of acute massive pulmonary embolism: is surgical embolectomy inferior to thrombolysis?","volume":"203","author":"Cho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1655-8","article-title":"Life-threatening massive pulmonary embolism rescued by venoarterial-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"21","author":"Corsi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-019-02200-1","article-title":"Local ultrasound-facilitated thrombolysis in high-risk pulmonary embolism: first Dutch experience","volume":"42","author":"de Winter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2017.11.034","article-title":"A\u00a0retrospective comparison of survivors and non-survivors of massive pulmonary embolism receiving veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support","volume":"122","author":"George","year":"2018","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.14503\/THIJ-13-3877","article-title":"Acute surgical pulmonary embolectomy: a 9-year retrospective analysis","volume":"42","author":"Hartman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tex Heart Inst J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.15-0119","article-title":"Pulmonary embolism response to fragmentation, embolectomy, and catheter thrombolysis (PERFECT): initial results from a prospective multicenter registry","volume":"148","author":"Kuo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-18-0371","article-title":"Outcomes of pulmonary embolectomy for acute pulmonary embolism","volume":"82","author":"Minakawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2018.174","article-title":"Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation improved survival in patients with massive pulmonary embolism","volume":"38","author":"Moon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.53.370","article-title":"Massive pulmonary embolism requiring extracorporeal life support treated with catheter-based interventions","volume":"53","author":"Munakata","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Heart J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.03.111","article-title":"Surgical embolectomy for acute massive and submassive pulmonary embolism in a series of 115 patients","volume":"100","author":"Neely","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-12-0091","article-title":"Observational investigation of thrombolysis with the tissue-type plasminogen activator monteplase for acute pulmonary embolism in Japan","volume":"76","author":"Niwa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2018.02.107","article-title":"Triage and optimization: A new paradigm in the treatment of massive pulmonary embolism","volume":"156","author":"Pasrija","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2018.04.004","article-title":"Impact of syncope and pre-syncope on short-term mortality in patients with acute pulmonary embolism","volume":"54","author":"Roncon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.07.035","article-title":"Contemporary management and outcomes of patients with massive and submassive pulmonary embolism","volume":"131","author":"Secemsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029614564863","article-title":"Should low-molecular-weight heparin be preferred over unfractionated heparin after thrombolysis for severity pulmonary embolism?","volume":"22","author":"Senturk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Appl Thromb Hemost"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2016.06.094","article-title":"Pulseless electrical activity in pulmonary embolism treated with thrombolysis (from the \u201cPEAPETT\u201d study)","volume":"34","author":"Sharifi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivx091","article-title":"Surgical embolectomy for high-risk acute pulmonary embolism is standard therapy","volume":"25","author":"Shiomi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1159\/000346203","article-title":"Low-molecular-weight heparin use with thrombolysis: is it effective and safe? Ten years\u2019 clinical experience","volume":"86","author":"Ucar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib44","first-page":"14011","article-title":"Early interventional therapy for acute massive pulmonary embolism guided by minimally invasive hemodynamic monitoring","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.66.3.263","article-title":"Thrombolysis in acute pulmonary embolism","volume":"66","author":"Bottega","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib46","first-page":"75","article-title":"Management of high risk pulmonary embolism - a single center experience","volume":"58","author":"Furdyna","year":"2018","journal-title":"Folia Med Cracov"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1177\/0267659119830014","article-title":"Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in life-threatening massive pulmonary embolism","volume":"34","author":"Kjaergaard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Perfusion"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib48","first-page":"354","article-title":"Surgical embolectomy compared to thrombolysis in acute pulmonary embolism: morbidity and mortality","volume":"51","author":"Lehnert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"47","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4196","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy464","article-title":"Outcomes after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for the treatment of high-risk pulmonary embolism: a multicentre series of 52 cases","volume":"39","author":"Meneveau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2045894018824563","article-title":"EXPRESS: a multidisciplinary Pulmonary Embolism Response Team (PERT) - experience from a national multicenter consortium","author":"Schultz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-017-0587-1","article-title":"Incidence of acute pulmonary embolism, related comorbidities and survival; analysis of a Swedish national cohort","volume":"17","author":"Andersson","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-009-9693-5","article-title":"Massive pulmonary embolism: percutaneous emergency treatment using an aspirex thrombectomy catheter","volume":"33","author":"Popovic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772930322005889?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772930322005889?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T00:30:31Z","timestamp":1762648231000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2772930322005889"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S2772930322005889"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-9303"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2772-9303","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Incidence of Mortality and Complications in High-Risk Pulmonary Embolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100548","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions Foundation.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100548"}}