{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T09:17:46Z","timestamp":1791883066618,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","jshoulderelbow.org","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]],"date-time":"2018-05-03T23:39:41Z","timestamp":1525390781000},"page":"1526-1534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":157,"title":["Operative versus nonoperative treatment of proximal humeral fractures: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and comparison of observational studies and randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1839-0057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reinier B.","family":"Beks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yassine","family":"Ochen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herman","family":"Frima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diederik P.J.","family":"Smeeing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"van der Meijden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim K.","family":"Timmers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Detlef","family":"van der Velde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"van Heijl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke P.H.","family":"Leenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolf H.H.","family":"Groenwold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Marijn","family":"Houwert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.04.005","article-title":"Meta-analysis of well-designed nonrandomized comparative studies of surgical procedures is as good as randomized controlled trials","volume":"63","author":"Abraham","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0015","article-title":"Healthcare outcomes assessed with observational study designs compared with those assessed in randomized trials","author":"Anglemyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2009.02.004","article-title":"The impacted varus (A2.2) proximal humeral fracture in elderly patients: is minimal fixation justified? A case control study","volume":"18","author":"Blonna","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3483","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-012-2531-0","article-title":"Hemiarthroplasty for humeral four-part fractures for patients 65 years and older: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"470","author":"Boons","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2528","article-title":"Much ado about nothing: a comparison of the performance of meta-analytical methods with rare events","volume":"26","author":"Bradburn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-012-2454-9","article-title":"Classifications in brief: the Neer classification for proximal humerus fractures","volume":"471","author":"Carofino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2007.06.022","article-title":"A review of the Constant score: modifications and guidelines for its use","volume":"17","author":"Constant","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198701000-00023","article-title":"A clinical method of functional assessment of the shoulder","volume":"214","author":"Constant","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.83B6.11401","article-title":"The translated two-part fracture of the proximal humerus. Epidemiology and outcome in the older patient","volume":"83","author":"Court-Brown","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-013-1403-y","article-title":"Displaced proximal humeral fractures: operative versus non-operative treatment\u2014a 2-year extension of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"24","author":"Fjalestad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31821c2e15","article-title":"Surgical treatment with an angular stable plate for complex displaced proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"26","author":"Fjalestad","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-005-0803-9","article-title":"Fractures in the proximal humerus: functional outcome and evaluation of 70 patients treated in hospital","volume":"125","author":"Fjalestad","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1614394","article-title":"Evidence for health decision making\u2014beyond randomized, controlled trials","volume":"377","author":"Frieden","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0075","first-page":"4607","article-title":"Surgical versus conservative treatment for displaced proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients: a meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Fu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0080","article-title":"Proximal humeral fractures: nonoperative versus operative treatment","volume":"6","author":"Hageman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Trauma Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0085","article-title":"Interventions for treating proximal humeral fractures in adults","author":"Handoll","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-013-1798-2","article-title":"Operative versus non-operative treatment for two-part surgical neck fractures of the proximal humerus","volume":"133","author":"Hauschild","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0095","series-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions","author":"Higgins","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.01.018","article-title":"Plate fixation or intramedullary fixation for midshaft clavicle fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational studies","volume":"25","author":"Houwert","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1007\/s002640050268","article-title":"Non-operative treatment versus tension-band osteosynthesis in three- and four-part proximal humeral fractures. A retrospective study of 34 fractures from two different trauma centers","volume":"22","author":"Ilchmann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-013-0063-4","article-title":"Displaced fragility fractures of proximal humerus in elderly patients affected by severe comorbidities: percutaneous fixation and conservative treatment","volume":"25","author":"Innocenti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.O.00003","article-title":"Treatment of proximal humeral fractures","volume":"4","author":"Jawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"JBJS Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-37764","article-title":"Complex fractures of the humeral head: which long-term results can be expected?","volume":"128","author":"Kollig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Zentralbl Chir"},{"issue":"Suppl 7","key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(16)30848-8","article-title":"Proximal humeral fractures: non-operative treatment versus intramedullary nailing in 2-, 3- and 4-part fractures","volume":"47","author":"Lange","year":"2016","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-015-0209-4","article-title":"Epidemiology of proximal humerus fractures","volume":"10","author":"Launonen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000100","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration","volume":"6","author":"Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1067\/mse.2002.127096","article-title":"American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form, patient self-report section: reliability, validity, and responsiveness","volume":"11","author":"Michener","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197052060-00001","article-title":"Displaced proximal humeral fractures","volume":"52","author":"Neer","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.146385","article-title":"Comparing the treatment results of proximal humerus fracture based on surgical or nonsurgical methods","volume":"3","author":"Nouraei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Biomed Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0155","first-page":"E106","article-title":"Comparison of locked plate fixation and nonoperative management for displaced proximal humerus fractures in elderly patients","volume":"44","author":"Okike","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2011.04.016","article-title":"Hemiarthroplasty versus nonoperative treatment of displaced 4-part proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Olerud","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2010.12.018","article-title":"Internal fixation versus nonoperative treatment of displaced 3-part proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Olerud","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000194672.79634.78","article-title":"Update in the epidemiology of proximal humeral fractures","volume":"442","author":"Palvanen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v6.i10.838","article-title":"Operative vs non-operative management of displaced proximal humeral fractures in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"6","author":"Rabi","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.1629","article-title":"Surgical vs nonsurgical treatment of adults with displaced fractures of the proximal humerus: the PROFHER randomized clinical trial","volume":"313","author":"Rangan","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.10.013","article-title":"Nonoperative management versus reverse shoulder arthroplasty for treatment of 3- and 4-part proximal humeral fractures in older adults","volume":"26","author":"Roberson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2012.05.013","article-title":"Epidemiology of proximal humerus fractures managed in a trauma center","volume":"98","author":"Roux","year":"2012","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2011.01.025","article-title":"Locking plate versus nonsurgical treatment for proximal humeral fractures: better midterm outcome with nonsurgical treatment","volume":"20","author":"Sanders","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-2197.2003.02748.x","article-title":"Methodological index for non-randomized studies (minors): development and validation of a new instrument","volume":"73","author":"Slim","year":"2003","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-016-0720-3","article-title":"Clinical research on postoperative trauma care: has the position of observational studies changed?","volume":"43","author":"Smeeing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516673615","article-title":"Surgical versus nonsurgical treatment for midshaft clavicle fractures in patients aged 16 years and older: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and comparison of randomized controlled trials and observational studies","volume":"45","author":"Smeeing","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.66B1.6693466","article-title":"Four-part fractures of the neck of the humerus","volume":"66","author":"Stableforth","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008","article-title":"Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting","volume":"283","author":"Stroup","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.049","article-title":"Displaced proximal humeral fractures: when is surgery necessary?","volume":"46","author":"Tamimi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2013.829529","article-title":"Reliability and validity of shoulder function outcome measures in people with a proximal humeral fracture","volume":"36","author":"van de Water","year":"2014","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-006-0250-2","article-title":"Displaced proximal humeral fractures: intramedullary nailing versus conservative treatment","volume":"127","author":"van den Broek","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-015-1522-5","article-title":"Operative versus non-operative treatment in complex proximal humeral fractures: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"4","author":"Xie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Springerplus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.79B3.7419","article-title":"Treatment of displaced proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients","volume":"79","author":"Zyto","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"}],"container-title":["Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1058274618302180?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1058274618302180?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]],"date-time":"2022-08-21T18:49:58Z","timestamp":1661107798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1058274618302180"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1058274618302180"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-2746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-2746","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Operative versus nonoperative treatment of proximal humeral fractures: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and comparison of observational studies and randomized controlled trials","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}