{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:14:36Z","timestamp":1787318076789,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681776000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":352,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jshoulderelbow.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T12:04:38Z","timestamp":1640606678000},"page":"1035-1041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Medial elbow joint space gapping associated with repetitive baseball pitching in preadolescent baseball players"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3076-4824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koji","family":"Matsuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyoshi","family":"Masuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8722-7117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masashi","family":"Kawabata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Miyata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazumasa","family":"Miida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3716-1604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2009.12.007","article-title":"A comparison of the quasi-static mechanical and non-linear viscoelastic properties of the human semitendinosus and gracilis tendons","volume":"25","author":"Abramowitch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3593","article-title":"Policy statement: baseball and softball","volume":"129","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009_bib3","author":"American Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009_bib4","unstructured":"Baseball Canada. Rules governing pitch count. Available at: https:\/\/www.baseball.ca\/uploads\/files\/2021%20Rule%20Book%2C%20Canadian%20Content.pdf. Accessed July, 2019."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009_bib5","series-title":"Rockwood Wilkins' Fractures in Children","first-page":"534","article-title":"The elbow: physeal fractures, apophyseal injuries of the distal humerus, osteonecrosis of the trochlea, and T-condylar fractures","author":"Beaty","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009_bib6","series-title":"Orthopedic Sports Medicine Principles and Practice","first-page":"p227","article-title":"Elbow injuries in children and adolescents","author":"Bradley","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.05.015","article-title":"How much valgus instability can be expected with ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries? A review of 273 baseball players with UCL injuries","volume":"23","author":"Bruce","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-014-1144-z","article-title":"Computing muscle, ligament, and osseous contributions to the elbow varus moment during baseball pitching","volume":"43","author":"Buffi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513516592","article-title":"Stress sonography of the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow in professional baseball pitchers: a 10-year study","volume":"42","author":"Ciccotti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009_bib10","series-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.14631","article-title":"Ultrasound-assisted assessment of medial elbow stability","volume":"37","author":"DeMoss","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.89.4.1352","article-title":"Dynamic viscoelastic behavior of lower extremity tendons during simulated running","volume":"89","author":"De Zee","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465980260031301","article-title":"Medial elbow joint laxity in professional baseball pitchers: a bilateral comparison using stress radiography","volume":"26","author":"Ellenbecker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738111435632","article-title":"Knowledge of and compliance with pitch count recommendations: a survey of youth baseball coaches","volume":"4","author":"Fazarale","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738112454828","article-title":"Prevention of elbow injuries in youth baseball pitchers","volume":"4","author":"Fleisig","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510384224","article-title":"Risk of serious injury for young baseball pitchers: a 10-year prospective study","volume":"39","author":"Fleisig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1177\/0095399703258674","article-title":"A clinical and roentgenographic study of Little League elbow","volume":"32","author":"Hang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2019.11.005","article-title":"Changes in medial elbow elasticity and joint space gapping during maximal gripping: reliability and validity in evaluation of the medial elbow joint using ultrasound elastography","volume":"29","author":"Hattori","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2017.10.031","article-title":"The effect of repetitive baseball pitching on medial elbow joint space gapping associated with 2 elbow valgus stressors in high school baseball players","volume":"27","author":"Hattori","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465211002507","article-title":"Ulnar collateral ligament laxity after repetitive pitching: associated factors in high school baseball pitchers","volume":"49","author":"Hattori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967117702361","article-title":"The effects of elbow bracing on medial elbow joint space gapping associated with repetitive throwing in high school baseball players","volume":"5","author":"Hattori","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009_bib22","author":"Japanese Society of Clinical Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009_bib23","author":"Little League Baseball"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300040201","article-title":"Effect of pitch type, pitch count, and pitching mechanics on risk of elbow and shoulder pain in youth baseball pitchers","volume":"30","author":"Lyman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200111000-00002","article-title":"Longitudinal study of elbow and shoulder pain in youth baseball pitchers","volume":"33","author":"Lyman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658301100506","article-title":"Articular and ligamentous contributions to the stability of the elbow joint","volume":"11","author":"Morrey","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2271020288","article-title":"Dynamic US of the anterior band of the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow in asymptomatic Major League Baseball pitchers","volume":"227","author":"Nazarian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546505284188","article-title":"Risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in adolescent baseball pitchers","volume":"34","author":"Olsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009_bib29","series-title":"Rockwood Wilkins' Fractures. Children","first-page":"91","article-title":"Physeal injuries and growth disturbances","author":"Rathjen","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200204000-00003","article-title":"Ultrasonographic assessment of the ulnar collateral ligament and medial elbow laxity in college baseball players","volume":"84","author":"Sasaki","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465010290050601","article-title":"Valgus laxity of the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow in collegiate athletes","volume":"29","author":"Singh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2021.07.010","article-title":"Increased medial laxity of the elbow in preadolescent baseball players with or without medial elbow apophysitis","volume":"5","author":"Watanabe","year":"2021","journal-title":"JSES Int"}],"container-title":["Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1058274621008594?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1058274621008594?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:55:17Z","timestamp":1761008117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1058274621008594"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1058274621008594"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-2746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-2746","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Medial elbow joint space gapping associated with repetitive baseball pitching in preadolescent baseball players","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}