{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T02:45:37Z","timestamp":1769049937179,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,26]],"date-time":"2021-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jshoulderelbow.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T12:04:40Z","timestamp":1640606680000},"page":"469-480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["What are the prevalence of and factors independently associated with depression and anxiety among patients with posttraumatic elbow stiffness? A cross-sectional, multicenter study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2010-3010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weixuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziyang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3052-3799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junjian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiuzhou","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cunyi","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.00860","article-title":"Patient-reported outcomes after simple dislocation of the elbow","volume":"93","author":"Anakwe","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514540448","article-title":"Delayed-onset ulnar neuritis after release of elbow contractures: clinical presentation, pathological findings, and treatment","volume":"42","author":"Blonna","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3134","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-011-1986-8","article-title":"Validity of goniometric elbow measurements: comparative study with a radiographic method","volume":"469","author":"Chapleau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00711","article-title":"Posttraumatic elbow stiffness","volume":"94","author":"Charalambous","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11072","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120911072","article-title":"Depression, anxiety and symptoms of stress among Hong Kong nurses: a cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"Cheung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(89)90192-5","article-title":"Review of treatment results for ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow","volume":"14","author":"Dellon","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2013.873814","article-title":"A report on the prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with frozen shoulder and their relations to disease status","volume":"19","author":"Ding","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol Health Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.6.SPINE19569","article-title":"Effect of depression and anxiety on health-related quality of life outcomes and patient satisfaction after surgery for cervical compressive myelopathy","volume":"31","author":"Doi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.18.00246","article-title":"The role of periarticular soft tissues in persistent motion loss in a rat model of posttraumatic elbow contracture","volume":"101","author":"Dunham","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e114139","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114139","article-title":"Burden and correlates of geriatric depression in the Uyghur elderly population, observation from Xinjiang, China","volume":"9","author":"Feng","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)01180-X","article-title":"The classification and treatment of heterotopic ossification about the elbow and forearm","volume":"10","author":"Hastings","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"Suppl 11","key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib12","first-page":"S240","volume":"63","author":"Hawker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1348\/014466505X29657","article-title":"The short-form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21): construct validity and normative data in a large non-clinical sample","volume":"44","author":"Henry","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s10880-019-09693-5","article-title":"How pain shapes depression and anxiety: a hybrid self-regulatory\/predictive mind perspective","volume":"28","author":"Karoly","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol Med Settings"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2019.06.008","article-title":"Surgical outcomes for post-traumatic stiffness after elbow fracture: comparison between open and arthroscopic procedures for intra- and extra-articular elbow fractures","volume":"28","author":"Kwak","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3073","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546519876914","article-title":"The effect of preexisting and shoulder-specific depression and anxiety on patient-reported outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair","volume":"47","author":"Lau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.01594","article-title":"Health status after open elbow contracture release","volume":"92","author":"Lindenhovius","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)00075-U","article-title":"The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories","volume":"33","author":"Lovibond","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098673","article-title":"Role of Kinesiophobia on pain, disability and quality of life in people suffering from chronic musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review","volume":"53","author":"Luque-Suarez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-020-05496-9","article-title":"Traumatic fractures in China from 2012 to 2014: a National Survey of 512,187 individuals","volume":"31","author":"Lv","year":"2020","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199811000-00006","article-title":"The column procedure: a limited lateral approach for extrinsic contracture of the elbow","volume":"80","author":"Mansat","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib22","first-page":"26","article-title":"The posttraumatic stiff elbow","volume":"431","author":"Morrey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib23","series-title":"Morrey's the elbow and its disorders","first-page":"66","article-title":"Functional evaluation of the elbow","author":"Morrey","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198163060-00002","article-title":"A biomechanical study of normal functional elbow motion","volume":"63","author":"Morrey","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.35.3.299","article-title":"Analysis of the depression and anxiety status and related risk factors in patients with lumbar disc herniation","volume":"35","author":"Mu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.11.019","article-title":"Prevalence of and factors associated with major depression in patients with upper extremity conditions","volume":"41","author":"Oflazoglu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2019.05.035","article-title":"Depression and anxiety are risk factors for postoperative pain-related symptoms and complications in patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty in the United States","volume":"34","author":"Pan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9896","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-24-09896.2001","article-title":"Exacerbation of pain by anxiety is associated with activity in a hippocampal network","volume":"21","author":"Ploghaus","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.N.01056","article-title":"Heterotopic ossification: basic-science principles and clinical correlates","volume":"97","author":"Ranganathan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12332","DOI":"10.1111\/appy.12332","article-title":"Depressive symptoms in Chinese assembly-line migrant workers: a case study in the shoe-making industry","volume":"11","author":"Ren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asia Pac Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socec.2005.11.043","article-title":"Does marriage make people happy, or do happy people get married?","volume":"35","author":"Stutzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Socio-Econ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000000726","article-title":"What range of motion and functional results can be expected after open arthrolysis with hinged external fixation for severe posttraumatic elbow stiffness?","volume":"477","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.103B2.BJJ-2020-0259.R3","article-title":"What constitutes a clinically important change in Mayo Elbow Performance Index and range of movement after open elbow arthrolysis?","volume":"103-B","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1302\/2633-1462.19.BJO-2020-0098.R1","article-title":"Open elbow arthrolysis for post-traumatic elbow stiffness: an update","volume":"1","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone Jt Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0229832","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229832","article-title":"Level of depression, anxiety and stress in patients with intrauterine adhesions in Hunan Province, China: a cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1177\/1758573218774326","article-title":"The reliability and validity of goniometric elbow measurements in adults: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"10","author":"van Rijn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Shoulder Elbow"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2016.05.056","article-title":"Preoperative predictors of pain catastrophizing, anxiety, and depression in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty","volume":"31","author":"Wood","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s12199-019-0784-x","article-title":"Association of derived patterns of musculoskeletal disorders with psychological problems: a latent class analysis","volume":"24","author":"Yazdi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ Health Prev Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1058274621008624?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1058274621008624?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:54:08Z","timestamp":1761008048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1058274621008624"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1058274621008624"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-2746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-2746","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"What are the prevalence of and factors independently associated with depression and anxiety among patients with posttraumatic elbow stiffness? A cross-sectional, multicenter study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}