{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T12:57:10Z","timestamp":1769345830068,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jshoulderelbow.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T18:27:54Z","timestamp":1698776874000},"page":"648-656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Influence of body mass index on severity of rotator cuff tears"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Pei-Wei","family":"Weng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4906-2136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Pei","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.32098\/mltj.03.2014.06","article-title":"How obesity modifies tendons (implications for athletic activities)","volume":"4","author":"Abate","year":"2014","journal-title":"Muscles Ligaments Tendons J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2021.04.013","article-title":"Traumatic rotator cuff tears - current concepts in diagnosis and management","volume":"18","author":"Abdelwahab","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib3","series-title":"Advances in shoulder surgery","article-title":"Complete rotator cuff tear: an evidence-based conservative management approach","author":"Abdulwahab","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-019-03127-5","article-title":"The outcomes of total knee arthroplasty in morbidly obese patients: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"139","author":"Boyce","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib5","article-title":"Morbid obesity in Taiwan: prevalence, trends, associated social demographics, and lifestyle factors","volume":"12","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515627816","article-title":"Effect of hypercholesterolemia on fatty infiltration and quality of tendon-to-bone healing in a rabbit model of a chronic rotator cuff tear: electrophysiological, biomechanical, and histological analyses","volume":"44","author":"Chung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682211022313","article-title":"Obesity and spine surgery: a qualitative review about outcomes and complications. Is it time for new perspectives on future researches?","volume":"12","author":"Cofano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Glob Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib8","first-page":"36","article-title":"Rotator cuff tears reparability index based on pre-operative MRI: our experience","volume":"90","author":"Di Benedetto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.3.180028","article-title":"The role of bone in glenohumeral stability","volume":"3","author":"Di Giacomo","year":"2018","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00265","article-title":"Recent insights into SREBP as a direct mediator of kidney fibrosis via lipid-independent pathways","volume":"11","author":"Dorotea","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(99)90097-6","article-title":"Fatty degeneration of the muscles of the rotator cuff: assessment by computed tomography versus magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"8","author":"Fuchs","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671211021589","article-title":"A 5-year follow-up of patients treated for full-thickness rotator cuff tears: a prospective cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Gagnier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31819794c3","article-title":"Dyslipidemia in Achilles tendinopathy is characteristic of insulin resistance","volume":"41","author":"Gaida","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2022.04.004","article-title":"The effects of obesity on 1-year functional outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff tear repair","volume":"6","author":"Gambhir","year":"2022","journal-title":"JSES Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib15","series-title":"Clinical orthopaedic rehabilitation: a team approach e-book","author":"Giangarra","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2019.05.014","article-title":"Intersection of catastrophizing, gender, and disease severity in preoperative rotator cuff surgical patients: a cross-sectional study","volume":"28","author":"Gibson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.03.016","article-title":"The association between body fat and rotator cuff tear: the influence on rotator cuff tear sizes","volume":"23","author":"Gumina","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib18","article-title":"Understanding outcomes and the ability to return to work after rotator cuff repair in the workers' compensation population","volume":"13","author":"Gutman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2020.05.006","article-title":"Combination of risk factors affecting retear after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a decision tree analysis","volume":"30","author":"Harada","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2019.08.001","article-title":"The role of skeletal muscle Akt in the regulation of muscle mass and glucose homeostasis","volume":"28","author":"Jaiswal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518762386","article-title":"Factors predictive of healing in large rotator cuff tears: is it possible to predict retear preoperatively?","volume":"46","author":"Jeong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib22","article-title":"Role of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of rotator cuff tears","volume":"14","author":"Koganti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-014-3963-5","article-title":"Rotator cuff fatty infiltration and atrophy are associated with functional outcomes in anatomic shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"473","author":"Lapner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.18.00149","article-title":"Asymptomatic rotator cuff tears","volume":"7","author":"Lawrence","year":"2019","journal-title":"JBJS Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2021.10.003","article-title":"Inflammatory mechanisms linking obesity and tendinopathy","volume":"31","author":"Lui","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Orthop Translat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000001261","article-title":"Obesity increases the risk of tendinopathy, tendon tear and rupture, and postoperative complications: a systematic review of clinical studies","volume":"478","author":"Macchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120937016","article-title":"Health care utilization and costs in the year prior to arthroscopic rotator cuff repair","volume":"8","author":"Malik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib28","series-title":"StatPearls","article-title":"Anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, shoulder muscles","author":"McCausland","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2013.01.008","article-title":"Prevalence of symptomatic and asymptomatic rotator cuff tears in the general population: from mass-screening in one village","volume":"10","author":"Minagawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-785220152305119821","article-title":"Fatty muscle infiltration in cuff tera: pre and post operative evaluation by MRI","volume":"23","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Ortop Bras"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2013.10.001","article-title":"The duration of symptoms does not correlate with rotator cuff tear severity or other patient-related features: a cross-sectional study of patients with atraumatic, full-thickness rotator cuff tears","volume":"23","author":"Unruh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib32","first-page":"282","article-title":"Rotator cuff lesion and obesity: a demographic and metabolic evaluation","volume":"57","author":"Pansiere","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ortop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib33","first-page":"795","article-title":"Risk factors for perioperative complications in morbidly obese\u00a0patients undergoing elective posterior lumbar fusion","volume":"8","author":"Ranson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Glob\u00a0Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib34","first-page":"TC24","article-title":"MR imaging of rotator cuff tears: correlation with arthroscopy","volume":"11","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04599-6","article-title":"Surgical outcome following rotator cuff tear repair in a low-income population. Impact of obesity and smoking","volume":"22","author":"Silva","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib36","series-title":"Shoulder arthroscopy","first-page":"204","article-title":"Arthroscopic classification of rotator cuff lesions and surgical decision making","author":"Snyder","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-021-05216-6","article-title":"PPAR-\u03b3 gene expression in human adipose tissue is associated with weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy","volume":"26","author":"Torres","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib38","article-title":"Is shoulder pain and disability index a prognostic factor for neuropathic shoulder pain?","volume":"13","author":"Vrouva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15268-3","article-title":"Appropriate body mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies","volume":"363","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.934411","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in white and brown adipocyte regulation and differentiation","volume":"69","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.05.010","article-title":"Risk factors affecting rotator cuff retear after arthroscopic repair: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2012.11.003","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the glenoid labrum","volume":"51","author":"Zlatkin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"}],"container-title":["Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1058274623005773?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1058274623005773?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T01:01:03Z","timestamp":1761008463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1058274623005773"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1058274623005773"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-2746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-2746","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Influence of body mass index on severity of rotator cuff tears","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2023.07.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}