{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T22:14:55Z","timestamp":1788387295259,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003625","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HR22C1832"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HR22C1832"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2022R1A2C1005374"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1A2C1005374"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jshoulderelbow.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2024.10.030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T16:54:32Z","timestamp":1735232072000},"page":"1811-1818","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Metformin inhibits muscle atrophy through the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway in a rat model of acute rotator cuff tears"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6446-6254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong Pil","family":"Yoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6869-0788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung-Jin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0045-489X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoon Seong","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2837-3434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun Joo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seok Won","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2024.10.030_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-021-00707-7","article-title":"The prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Ai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2024.10.030_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-07954-5","article-title":"Role of metformin in inflammation","volume":"50","author":"Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2024.10.030_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2310","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25179","article-title":"Cellular and molecular modulation of rotator cuff muscle pathophysiology","volume":"39","author":"Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2024.10.030_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5677","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.27852","article-title":"Beneficial effects of metformin on muscle atrophy induced by obesity in rats","volume":"120","author":"Hasan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2024.10.030_bib5","article-title":"Metformin may prevent muscle loss from disuse atrophy by effects on senescent cells","volume":"1","author":"Idris","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2024.10.030_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e154","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20220128-08","article-title":"Comparison of the characteristics of rotator cuff tissue in a diabetic rat model","volume":"45","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2024.10.030_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2737","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M407517200","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) inversely regulates atrophy-induced genes via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase\/Akt\/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR) pathway","volume":"280","author":"Latres","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2024.10.030_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2020.04.016","article-title":"Factors related to symptomatic failed rotator cuff repair leading to revision surgeries after primary arthroscopic surgery","volume":"36","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2024.10.030_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.21266","article-title":"A rat model of massive rotator cuff tears","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2024.10.030_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2013.01.008","article-title":"Prevalence of symptomatic and asymptomatic rotator cuff tears in the general population: from mass-screening in one village","volume":"10","author":"Minagawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2024.10.030_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2924","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28520","article-title":"Muscular atrophy of caveolin-3\u2013deficient mice is rescued by myostatin inhibition","volume":"116","author":"Ohsawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2024.10.030_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2007.01.023","article-title":"Fatty infiltration of the torn rotator cuff worsens over time in a rabbit model","volume":"23","author":"Rubino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2024.10.030_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00400-3","article-title":"Foxo transcription factors induce the atrophy-related ubiquitin ligase atrogin-1 and cause skeletal muscle atrophy","volume":"117","author":"Sandri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2024.10.030_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20123-1","article-title":"Mechanisms of muscle atrophy and hypertrophy: implications in health and disease","volume":"12","author":"Sartori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Com"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2024.10.030_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9498876","article-title":"Metformin facilitates osteoblastic differentiation and M2 macrophage polarization by PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"2022","author":"Shen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2024.10.030_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05608-x","article-title":"Influence of adiponectin and inflammatory cytokines in fatty degenerative atrophic muscle","volume":"12","author":"Shinohara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2024.10.030_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2013.03.004","article-title":"The therapeutic potential of IGF-I in skeletal muscle repair","volume":"24","author":"Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2024.10.030_bib18","article-title":"The function of metformin in aging-related musculoskeletal disorders","volume":"13","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2024.10.030_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38456","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.271270","article-title":"Translational suppression of atrophic regulators by microRNA-23a integrates resistance to skeletal muscle atrophy","volume":"286","author":"Wada","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2024.10.030_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7257","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1116971109","article-title":"Amorfrutins are potent antidiabetic dietary natural products","volume":"109","author":"Weidner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2024.10.030_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-023-04163-z","article-title":"Metformin increases the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and inhibits supraspinatus fatty infiltration","volume":"18","author":"Yoon","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2024.10.030_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-019-03021-x","article-title":"Leucine attenuates muscle atrophy and autophagosome formation by activating PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway in rotator cuff tears","volume":"378","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1058274624009418?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1058274624009418?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T04:59:14Z","timestamp":1750136354000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1058274624009418"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1058274624009418"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2024.10.030","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-2746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-2746","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Metformin inhibits muscle atrophy through the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway in a rat model of acute rotator cuff tears","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2024.10.030","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}