{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T23:28:40Z","timestamp":1768346920134,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jshoulderelbow.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T05:14:36Z","timestamp":1752642876000},"page":"e439-e449","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preventing posterior interosseous nerve injury during a distal biceps tendon repair: an anatomic study comparing extensor digitorum communis and extensor carpi ulnaris muscle splitting approaches"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Justin T.","family":"Badon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6319-5018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian K.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7235-6960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey S.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bethany G.","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6319-6851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. Michael","family":"Luciani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2623-7287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph F.","family":"Styron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0363-4282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher C.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(97)80157-8","article-title":"Anatomy of the radial nerve motor branches in the forearm","volume":"22","author":"Abrams","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3103","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546519899933","article-title":"Complications after distal biceps tendon repair: a systematic review","volume":"48","author":"Amarasooriya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20114","article-title":"Anatomic pattern of the terminal branches of posterior interosseous nerve","volume":"18","author":"Ay","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1067\/2000.102581","article-title":"Repair of distal biceps tendon rupture: a new technique using the endobutton","volume":"9","author":"Bain","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196143070-00012","article-title":"A method for reinsertion of the distal biceps brachii tendon","volume":"43","author":"Boyd","year":"1961","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.01242","article-title":"Variations in the anatomic relations of the posterior interosseous nerve associated with proximal forearm trauma","volume":"93","author":"Calfee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.05.016","article-title":"Avoiding the posterior interosseous nerve during 2-incision distal biceps tendon repair: an anatomic study","volume":"32","author":"Chan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508321482","article-title":"Repair of the ruptured distal biceps tendon: a systematic review","volume":"36","author":"Chavan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.11.011","article-title":"The use of indomethacin in the prevention of postoperative radioulnar synostosis after distal biceps repair","volume":"26","author":"Costopoulos","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200006000-00007","article-title":"Anatomical considerations regarding the posterior interosseous nerve during posterolateral approaches to the proximal part of the radius","volume":"82","author":"Diliberti","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(41)90203-9","article-title":"Avulsion of the lower biceps brachii tendon: analysis of fifty-one previously unreported cases","volume":"51","author":"Dobbie","year":"1941","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3020","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546517720200","article-title":"Surgical treatment of distal biceps tendon ruptures: an analysis of complications in 784 surgical repairs","volume":"45","author":"Dunphy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20982","article-title":"Innervation of the supinator muscle and its relationship to two-incision distal biceps tendon repair: an anatomic study","volume":"23","author":"Duquin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2000.16359","article-title":"The anatomy of the posterior interosseous nerve as a graft","volume":"25","author":"Elgafy","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199004000-00018","article-title":"Proximal radioulnar synostosis after repair of distal biceps brachii rupture by the two-incision technique. Report of four cases","volume":"253","author":"Failla","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.06.028","article-title":"Major complications after distal biceps tendon repairs: retrospective cohort analysis of 970 cases","volume":"27","author":"Ford","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2007.11.002","article-title":"Cross-sectional anatomy of the bicipital tuberosity and biceps brachii tendon insertion: relevance to anatomic tendon repair","volume":"17","author":"Forthman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00436","article-title":"Single versus double-incision technique for the repair of acute distal biceps tendon ruptures: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"94","author":"Grewal","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2022.09.006","article-title":"Estimating the location of the posterior interosseus nerve during an extensor digitorum communis-splitting approach: a comparison of methods using the transepicondylar distance","volume":"7","author":"Gruenberger","year":"2023","journal-title":"JSES Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.01.028","article-title":"The course of the posterior interosseous nerve in relation to the proximal radius: is there a reliable landmark?","volume":"46","author":"Hackl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.06.051","article-title":"Anatomic repair of the distal biceps tendon cannot be consistently performed through a classic single-incision suture anchor technique","volume":"23","author":"Hansen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2011.04.027","article-title":"Two-incision versus one-incision repair for distal biceps tendon rupture: a cadaveric study","volume":"21","author":"Hasan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-010-0718-1","article-title":"The risk injury to the posterior interosseous nerve in standard approaches to the proximal radius: a cadaver study","volume":"33","author":"Heidari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509337451","article-title":"Distal biceps tendon repair: a cadaveric analysis of suture anchor and interference screw restoration of the anatomic footprint","volume":"37","author":"Jobin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v8.i4.310","article-title":"Posterior interosseous nerve localization within the proximal forearm - a patient normalized parameter","volume":"8","author":"Kamineni","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2010.11.009","article-title":"Controversies in the surgical treatment of distal biceps tendon ruptures: single versus double-incision repairs","volume":"20","author":"Keener","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200011000-00010","article-title":"Complications of repair of the distal biceps tendon with the modified two-incision technique","volume":"82","author":"Kelly","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(03)00052-1","article-title":"Surgical treatment of partial distal biceps tendon ruptures through a single posterior incision","volume":"12","author":"Kelly","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib29","article-title":"Optimization of anterior incision placement for distal biceps repair","volume":"10","author":"Klebanov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2015.09.004","article-title":"Refixation techniques and approaches for distal biceps tendon ruptures: a systematic review of clinical studies","volume":"25","author":"Kodde","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","article-title":"A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research","volume":"15","author":"Koo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Chiropr Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2006.09.004","article-title":"Anatomic considerations regarding the posterior interosseous nerve at the elbow","volume":"16","author":"Lawton","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658601400310","article-title":"Distal biceps brachii tendon avulsion: a simplified method of operative repair","volume":"14","author":"Louis","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546521992120","article-title":"Distance of the posterior interosseous nerve from the bicipital (radial) tuberosity at varying positions of forearm rotation: a magnetic resonance imaging study with clinical implications","volume":"49","author":"Luthringer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2018.10.009","article-title":"A prospective evaluation of early postoperative complications after distal biceps tendon repairs","volume":"44","author":"Matzon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1007\/s11552-008-9135-x","article-title":"Reconstruction of posterior interosseous nerve injury following biceps tendon repair: case report and cadaveric study","volume":"4","author":"Mokhtee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib37","series-title":"The elbow","first-page":"115","article-title":"Distal biceps tendon rupture","author":"Morrey","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198567030-00011","article-title":"Rupture of the distal tendon of the biceps brachii. A biomechanical study","volume":"67","author":"Morrey","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.09.039","article-title":"Proper placement of the distal biceps tendon during repair improves supination strength--a biomechanical analysis","volume":"24","author":"Prud'homme-Foster","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.04.023","article-title":"Anatomic findings and complications after surgical treatment of chronic, partial distal biceps tendon tears: a case cohort comparison study","volume":"29","author":"Ruch","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.15.01025","article-title":"Factors that determine supination strength following distal biceps repair","volume":"98","author":"Schmidt","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2013.08.019","article-title":"Factors affecting supination strength after a distal biceps rupture","volume":"23","author":"Schmidt","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.N.01221","article-title":"The importance of preserving the radial tuberosity during distal biceps repair","volume":"97","author":"Schmidt","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.ST.16.00057","article-title":"Distal biceps tendon anatomic repair","volume":"7","author":"Schmidt","year":"2017","journal-title":"JBJS Essent Surg Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib45","series-title":"Safety of posterior endoscopic distal biceps repairs. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons","author":"Schmidt","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2010.05.027","article-title":"The effect of biceps reattachment site","volume":"19","author":"Schmidt","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1067\/mse.2000.105136","article-title":"A simplified method for repair of distal biceps tendon ruptures","volume":"9","author":"Sotereanos","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-20040801-25","article-title":"Permanent posterior interosseous nerve palsy following a two-incision distal biceps tendon repair","volume":"27","author":"Stearns","year":"2004","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.53B2.320","article-title":"Vulnerability of the posterior interosseous nerve during radial head resection","volume":"53-B","author":"Strachan","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(96)80064-4","article-title":"Surgical exposure of the dorsal proximal third of the radius: how vulnerable is the posterior interosseous nerve?","volume":"5","author":"Strauch","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-2278-1","article-title":"Distal biceps tendon rupture: advantages and drawbacks of the anatomical reinsertion with a modified double incision approach","volume":"19","author":"Tarallo","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2015.11.012","article-title":"Trends associated with distal biceps tendon repair in the United States, 2007 to 2011","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.00481","article-title":"Repair techniques for acute distal biceps tendon ruptures: a systematic review","volume":"96","author":"Watson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"}],"container-title":["Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1058274625005154?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1058274625005154?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T16:35:06Z","timestamp":1768322106000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1058274625005154"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1058274625005154"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-2746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-2746","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Preventing posterior interosseous nerve injury during a distal biceps tendon repair: an anatomic study comparing extensor digitorum communis and extensor carpi ulnaris muscle splitting approaches","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2025.05.041","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}