{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T01:44:17Z","timestamp":1776303857857,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jshoulderelbow.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.10.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T17:10:32Z","timestamp":1761930632000},"page":"1153-1160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk factors for displacement after closed reduction of greater tuberosity fracture associated with shoulder dislocation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7181-5739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Fukushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiko","family":"Hamasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eisaku","family":"Fujimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5887-9810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yohei","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuo","family":"Adachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.10.009_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2021.11.018","article-title":"Greater tuberosity fractures are not a continuation of Hill-Sachs lesions, but do they have a similar etiology?","volume":"6","author":"Alkaduhimi","year":"2022","journal-title":"JSES Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.10.009_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31826576f8","article-title":"Management of first-time dislocations of the shoulder in patients older than 40 years: the prevalence of iatrogenic fracture","volume":"27","author":"Atoun","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.10.009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2005.07.004","article-title":"Mechanism of injury and morphology of the greater tuberosity fracture","volume":"15","author":"Bahrs","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.10.009_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2018.06.017","article-title":"Risk factors for secondary displacement in conservatively treated isolated greater tuberosity fractures: an analysis of 82 cases","volume":"105","author":"Bockmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.10.009_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2022.08.001","article-title":"Morphological characteristics and management of greater tuberosity fractures associated with anterior glenohumeral joint dislocation: a single centre 10-year retrospective review","volume":"34","author":"Boksh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.10.009_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.83B7.0831056","article-title":"Effect of displacement of fractures of the greater tuberosity on the mechanics of the shoulder","volume":"83","author":"Bono","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.10.009_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199502000-00022","article-title":"Neer's classification system: a critical appraisal","volume":"38","author":"Brien","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.10.009_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.00586","article-title":"Interobserver reliability of classification and characterization of proximal humeral fractures: a comparison of two and three-dimensional CT","volume":"95","author":"Bruinsma","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.10.009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2023.12.008","article-title":"Anterior shoulder dislocation with avulsion fracture of the greater tuberosity results in reliable good outcomes after closed reduction","volume":"8","author":"Cirigliano","year":"2024","journal-title":"JSES Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.10.009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3180316cda","article-title":"Anterior traumatic shoulder dislocation associated with displaced greater tuberosity fracture: the necessity of operative treatment","volume":"21","author":"Dimakopoulos","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.10.009_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200710000-00005","article-title":"Fractures of the greater tuberosity of the humerus","volume":"15","author":"George","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.10.009_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22621","article-title":"Supraspinatus tendon load during abduction is dependent on the size of the critical shoulder angle: a biomechanical analysis","volume":"32","author":"Gerber","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.10.009_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2007.09.022","article-title":"Isolated tuberosity fractures of the proximal humeral: current concepts","volume":"39","author":"Gruson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.10.009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-018-4022-8","article-title":"Size of greater tuberosity fragment: a risk of iatrogenic injury during shoulder dislocation reduction","volume":"43","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.10.009_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e396","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000343","article-title":"Delayed migration of greater tuberosity fractures associated with anterior shoulder dislocation","volume":"29","author":"H\u00e9bert-Davies","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.10.009_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-005-0924-6","article-title":"Characteristics of an isolated greater tuberosity fracture of the humerus","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.10.009_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2020.09.062","article-title":"Closed reduction of glenohumeral dislocations with associated tuberosity fracture in the emergency department is safe","volume":"52","author":"Mackenzie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.10.009_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.95B7.31028","article-title":"Is there an association between the individual anatomy of the scapula and the development of rotator cuff tears or osteoarthritis of the glenohumeral joint?: a radiological study of the critical shoulder angle","volume":"95-b","author":"Moor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.10.009_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.96B5.32362","article-title":"A new morphological classification for greater tuberosity fractures of the proximal humerus: validation and clinical implications","volume":"96-b","author":"Mutch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.10.009_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-021-00545-3","article-title":"Iatrogenic fracture during shoulder dislocation reduction: characteristics, management and outcomes","volume":"26","author":"Pan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.10.009_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2005.02.018","article-title":"The influence of displacement on shoulder function in patients with minimally displaced fractures of the greater tuberosity","volume":"36","author":"Platzer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.10.009_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.01795","article-title":"Injuries associated with traumatic anterior glenohumeral dislocations","volume":"94","author":"Robinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.10.009_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-14-00289","article-title":"Surgical treatment of displaced greater tuberosity fractures of the humerus","volume":"24","author":"Rouleau","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.10.009_bib24","first-page":"578","article-title":"Management of greater tuberosity fracture dislocations of the shoulder","volume":"4","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"JSES Rev Rep Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.10.009_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2024.10.021","article-title":"Isolated fracture of the greater tuberosity: prediction of superior and posterior fracture displacement on plain radiographs","volume":"34","author":"Wangler","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.10.009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.09.014","article-title":"Should closed reduction be attempted in the emergency department for an acute anterior shoulder fracture dislocation?","volume":"5","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"JSES Int"}],"container-title":["Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1058274625007657?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1058274625007657?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:48:53Z","timestamp":1776300533000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1058274625007657"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1058274625007657"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2025.10.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-2746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-2746","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Risk factors for displacement after closed reduction of greater tuberosity fracture associated with shoulder dislocation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2025.10.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}