{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:33:34Z","timestamp":1786120414384,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jshoulderelbow.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T14:05:45Z","timestamp":1773756345000},"page":"2215-2224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The incidence of retrosternal vascular injuries following acute traumatic posterior sternoclavicular joint injuries is less than had previously been considered"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3480-2629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graham","family":"Tytherleigh-Strong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Winterbottom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5367-1217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Donaldson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib1","article-title":"Tim Briggs: GIRFT, that's the main thing","volume":"360","author":"Briggs","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1177\/1758573218790834","article-title":"Primary and revision elbow replacement surgery in the NHS. A BESS\/BOA\/GIRFT Surgical Procedure Guideline","volume":"10","author":"Briggs","year":"2018","journal-title":"Shoulder Elbow"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2021.07.038","article-title":"Evaluation and management of sternoclavicular dislocation in the emergency department","volume":"61","author":"Carius","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198701000-00023","article-title":"A clinical method of functional assessment of the shoulder","volume":"214","author":"Constant","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(92)90165-O","article-title":"Posterior sternoclavicular dislocation: a novel method of external fixation","volume":"23","author":"Cooper","year":"1992","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00197665","article-title":"Dislocations of the sternoclavicular joint","volume":"22","author":"Cope","year":"1993","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2009.05.011","article-title":"Fatal posterior sternoclavicular joint dislocation due to occult trauma","volume":"28","author":"Fenig","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(92)90164-N","article-title":"Retrosternal dislocation of the clavicle: the 'stealth' dislocation","volume":"23","author":"Gale","year":"1992","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.1983.tb02478.x","article-title":"Intrathoracic great vessel injury resulting from blunt chest trauma associated with posterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint","volume":"53","author":"Gardner","year":"1983","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1944.72850240001008","article-title":"Posterior dislocation of the sternal end of the clavicle","volume":"125","author":"Greenlee","year":"1944","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-4-11","article-title":"The disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) outcome questionnaire: longitudinal construct validity and measuring self-rated health change after surgery","volume":"4","author":"Gummesson","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2023.110983","article-title":"Traumatic posterior sternoclavicular joint dislocation - current aspects of management","volume":"54","author":"Ingoe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib13","first-page":"1728","article-title":"Blunt rupture of the subclavian-innominate venous junction: case report and review of literature","volume":"66","author":"Kang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.17.00157","article-title":"Clinical outcomes and complications following surgical management of traumatic posterior sternoclavicular joint dislocations: a systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Kendal","year":"2018","journal-title":"JBJS Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.31B1.74","article-title":"Retrosternal dislocation of the clavicle","volume":"31B","author":"Kennedy","year":"1949","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib16","article-title":"Case report-vascular injury in association with posteriorly displaced medial clavicle fracture","volume":"33","author":"Khalil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trauma Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.92B1.22186","article-title":"Posterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint and epiphyseal disruption of the medial clavicle with posterior displacement in sports participants","volume":"92","author":"Laffosse","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197905000-00002","article-title":"Computed tomography in the diagnosis of dislocations of the sternoclavicular joint","volume":"140","author":"Levinsohn","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-013-3249-3","article-title":"A patient-derived Constant-Murley score is comparable to a clinician-derived score","volume":"472","author":"Levy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1965.03090100096042","article-title":"Retrosternal dislocation of the clavicle","volume":"193","author":"Lucas","year":"1965","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2011.06.001","article-title":"Cerebrovascular accident in a 19-year-old patient: a case report of posterior sternoclavicular dislocation","volume":"20","author":"Marcus","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.43B1.90","article-title":"Retrosternal dislocation of the clavicle","volume":"43","author":"Paterson","year":"1961","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199703000-00011","article-title":"Resection arthroplasty of the sternoclavicular joint","volume":"79","author":"Rockwood","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195739030-00020","article-title":"Retrosternal dislocation of the clavicle","volume":"39-A","author":"Stein","year":"1957","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514523386","article-title":"Posterior sternoclavicular joint injuries in the adolescent population: a meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Tepolt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e374","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000002378","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging in the management of significantly displaced adolescent posterior sternoclavicular joint injuries","volume":"43","author":"Tytherleigh-Strong","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2019.12.005","article-title":"Arthroscopic excision arthroplasty of the sternoclavicular joint for osteoarthritis: a case series of 50 patients","volume":"36","author":"Tytherleigh-Strong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2025.09.001","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging imaging in the diagnosis of sternoclavicular joint injuries","volume":"10","author":"Tytherleigh-Strong","year":"2026","journal-title":"JSES Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib29","article-title":"Incarcerated sternoclavicular joint intra-articular disc following closed reduction of a posterior dislocation leading to recurrent anterior instability","volume":"17","author":"Tytherleigh-Strong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-019-02433-3","article-title":"Digital tomography is an effective investigation for sternoclavicular joint pathology","volume":"29","author":"Tytherleigh-Strong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3635","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465221124267","article-title":"Clinical outcomes and return to sports after open reduction and Hamstring Tendon autograft reconstruction in patients with acute traumatic first-time posterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint","volume":"50","author":"Tytherleigh-Strong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.CC.24.00180","article-title":"Missed medial clavicular physeal fracture-posterior dislocation complicated by brachiocephalic pseudoaneurysm: a case report","volume":"14","author":"Walia","year":"2024","journal-title":"JBJS Case Connect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465990270021701","article-title":"Comparison of the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation method and two shoulder rating scales. Outcomes measures after shoulder surgery","volume":"27","author":"Williams","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-196705000-00006","article-title":"Intrathoracic injury following retrosternal dislocation of the clavicle","volume":"7","author":"Worman","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Trauma"}],"container-title":["Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1058274626001424?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1058274626001424?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T21:58:50Z","timestamp":1786053530000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1058274626001424"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1058274626001424"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-2746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-2746","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The incidence of retrosternal vascular injuries following acute traumatic posterior sternoclavicular joint injuries is less than had previously been considered","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2026.02.028","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown Copyright \u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}